The ocean plays a vital role in the global climate system and biosphere, providing crucial resources for humanity including water, food, energy and raw materials. There is a compelling need to ...develop an integrated basin-scale ocean observing system to support of ocean management. We articulate a vision for basin-scale ocean observing - A comprehensive All-Atlantic Ocean Observing Systems that benefits all of us living, working and relying on the ocean. Until now, basin-scale ocean observation has been conducted through loosely-aligned arrangements of national and international efforts. The All-Atlantic Ocean Observing System (AtlantOS) is an ntegrated concept for a forward-looking framework and basin-scale partnership to establish a comprehensive ocean observing system for the Atlantic Ocean as a whole. The system will be sustainable, multi-disciplinary, multi-thematic, efficient, and fit-for-purpose. Platforms, networks, and systems do already exist that operate at various maturity levels. AtlantOS will go beyond the status quo by bringing together the observing communities and countries of the Atlantic basin, providing the opportunity to join and support the system. AtlantOS will build upon the coordinated work of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Group on Earth Observations (GEO), two international bodies that support and coordinate global ocean observing. AtlantOS will complement those efforts and offers a new approach to organizing ocean observing at the basin-scale. The new SystemAtlantOS will focus not only on the physics but also the biology, ecology and biogeochemistry of the ocean and seafloor and will enhance new partnerships among between governments, science, civil society and the private sector.
ABSTRACT
Introduction
McArdle disease is a metabolic myopathy that presents with exercise intolerance and episodic rhabdomyolysis. Excessive muscle recruitment has also been shown to be present ...during strenuous exercise, suggesting decreased power output. These findings could potentially be explained by either impaired contractility, decreased fiber size, or altered fiber type proportion. However, there is a paucity of data on the morphological features seen on muscle histology.
Methods
We examined muscle biopsies of patients with McArdle disease from a Spanish cohort and compared the findings with healthy controls.
Results
We found no significant difference in the fiber type proportion or mean fiber size between McArdle patients and controls in the biceps brachii or vastus lateralis muscles.
Conclusions
No alterations in muscle fiber type proportion or size were found on muscle histology of patients with McArdle disease. Future research should focus on assessment of muscle fiber contractility to investigate the functional impairment. Muscle Nerve 55: 916–918, 2017
Hygiène du cadavre Bajeux, Camille; Beauvieux, Fleur; Carol, Anne ...
Histoire, médecine et santé,
12/2020
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Ce numéro aborde la variété des rapports que les médecins peuvent entretenir avec la mort, non d’un point de vue théorique, mais du point de vue de la gestion matérielle des corps morts et de ...l’expertise médicale dans ce domaine. Le XIXe siècle, qui voit les sensibilités funéraires se modifier et les médecins consolider leur statut social, a été particulièrement scruté : les études présentées envisagent la question, en Europe, de la gestion des cadavres du point de vue de la santé publique (la définition médicale des critères de la mort), de la police sanitaire et de l’hygiène (les dangers des cimetières dans l’espace public, les bienfaits de l’incinération), des rites funéraires émergents (l’embaumement ou la crémation). Par ailleurs, en amont, le dossier présente une source associant médecine et cadavre dans le cadre de la montée en puissance de la dissection au xvie siècle, et en aval, une évocation des conséquences très actuelles du rôle croissant la médecine légale dans la gestion funéraire des morts de masse, politiques ou génocidaires. This issue discusses the variety of relationships that doctors can have with death, not from a theoretical point of view, but from the point of view of the material management of dead bodies and medical expertise in this field. The 19th century, which saw a change in funeral sensibilities and a consolidation of the social status of doctors, was particularly scrutinised: the studies presented consider the question, in Europe, of the management of corpses from the point of view of public health (the medical definition of the criteria of death), health and hygiene (the dangers of cemeteries in the public space, the benefits of cremation), and emerging funeral rites (embalming or cremation). In addition, upstream, the dossier presents a source associating medicine and the corpse in the context of the rise of dissection in the 16th century, and downstream, an evocation of the very topical consequences of the growing role of forensic medicine in the funeral management of the mass, political or genocidal dead. En este número se analiza la variedad de relaciones que los médicos pueden tener con la muerte, no desde un punto de vista teórico, sino desde el punto de vista del manejo material de los cuerpos muertos y de la pericia médica en esta materia. Los trabajos se centran, en particular, en el siglo XIX, durante el cual las sensibilidades funerarias cambian y se consolida el estatuto social de los médicos: los estudios presentados consideran la cuestión, en Europa, de la gestión de los cadáveres desde el punto de vista de la salud pública (la definición médica de los criterios de muerte), de la policía sanitaria y la higiene (los peligros de los cementerios en el espacio público, los beneficios de la cremación), y de los ritos funerarios emergentes (embalsamamiento o cremación). Fuera de ese marco cronológico, el dossier presenta además una fuente que asocia la medicina y el cadáver en el contexto del auge de la disección en el siglo XVI, y una evocación de las consecuencias actuales del creciente papel de la medicina forense en la gestión funeraria de las muertes masivas, políticas o a raíz de genocidios.
Abstract only
Results from GTPγS binding and other
in vitro
assays suggest that cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists range in efficacy from partial to full agonists. The present studies compared the
in ...vivo
effects of a proposed CB1 full agonist, AM4054, and three potential CB1 partial agonists, BAY 59‐3074, an aminoalkylindole (AAI3), and Δ
9
‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ
9
THC) in female rats. During 6 hr sessions post‐injection AM4054 and BAY 59‐3074 reduced core body temperature by more than 4
0
C and doses required to decrease temperature by 3
o
C were 0.13 and 6.7 mg/kg, respectively; neither Δ
9
THC nor AAI3 decreased temperature by more than 2
o
C. In a rat tail‐flick assay, AM4054, Δ
9
THC and BAY 59‐3074 all had antinociceptive effects over 6 hr sessions, with respective ED
50
values of 0.13, 6.0, and 7.7 mg/kg; AAI3 produced small, but significant, increases in tail flick latency. Similarly, AM4054, Δ
9
THC and BAY 59‐3074 all had diuretic effects, and the average doses required to yield 15 g/kg urine within 2 hrs were 0.05, 5.3, and 4.9 mg/kg, respectively; AAI3 did not have diuretic effects. All four drugs tested decreased operant responding for sweetened milk at 1‐3 hrs after injection; the respective ED
50
values for AM4054, Δ
9
THC, BAY 59‐3074, and AAI3 were: 0.04, 6.4, 3.8, and 10.2 mg/kg. These data indicate that CB1 agonists may be differentiated according to their profile of behavioral effects in rats. (Supported by PHS Grants DA19205, 15723)
Le présent volume rassemble des articles relevant des étude de genre ancrées dans le champ de l’histoire, de la littérature de la philosophie, de l’histoire de l’art, de la sociologie. Les ...contributeur-trice-s ont tenu à souligner par leur participation l’apport essentiel des recherches conduites par ou sous la direction de Martine Lapied à la discipline historique. Plus précisément, cette dernière a développé trois axes thématiques. Le premier est occupé par la Révolution française observée sur le terrain de la Provence et du Comtat Venaissin. Le deuxième ouvre sur une histoire désormais bien ancrée dans la recherche de langue française : l’histoire des femmes et du genre. Les études sur le genre irriguent depuis plusieurs années les travaux sur les instances de socialisation et de politisation où se manifestent prioritairement des formes historiques de domination. Qui plus est, au titre d’une critique permanente de la pensée essentialiste sur la différence hommes/femmes, la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales élargit sans cesse le champ de la compréhension des rapports sociaux. Enfin, le troisième axe est celui des représentations par l’attention – originale en histoire – portée à la scène lyrique de l’opéra à l’époque romantique. Embrassant l’espace euroméditerranéen et inscrits dans le temps long, les divers chapitres de l’ouvrage, en résonance avec ces thématiques, sont regroupés en trois axes: L’esprit des Lumières et de la Révolution; Créer, inventer, transgresser; Femmes dans la Cité
A large brain is one of the most distinguishing features of humans compared to other members of the animal kingdom. During mammalian evolution there has been a disproportionate enlargement of the ...brain relative to body size and this expansion has been particularly prominent during the past 3 million years of human lineage. This must be the consequence of adaptive genetic alterations during mammalian evolution, but the genes and molecular processes altered are essentially unknown. One approach for identifying candidate genes for brain size regulation is through characterisation of Mendelian disorders of brain development. In particular, primary microcephaly has received considerable interest as a model disease for studying brain size regulators because patients present with a profoundly reduced brain size but have no other malformations. Genetic studies have identified mutations in seven genes that can cause primary microcephaly. All the primary microcephaly proteins localise to the centrosome at some stage during the cell cycle and have roles in a diverse range of functions including centrosome maturation, centriole formation and microtubule organisation at the spindle pole. The precise mechanism leading to primary microcephaly is not known but a prevalent hypothesis is that centrosome dysfunction disrupts mitosis of neural progenitor cells. Despite there being strong evidence in support of this hypothesis for most primary microcephaly genes, MCPH1 (the first primary microcephaly gene to be identified) always appeared to be functionally distinct from other primary microcephaly proteins. Most work on MCPH1 has focussed on its role in the DNA damage response and cell cycle timing rather than on its mitotic role. As a result, the aim of this thesis is to perform a detailed analysis of MCPH1 function during mitosis. In this thesis, three isoforms of MCPH1 were characterised and their localisation, expression and stability examined. It was established that MCPH1 is highly regulated during mitosis. MCPH1 transcript and protein levels vary significantly throughout the cell cycle and MCPH1 protein is targeted for degradation late in mitosis. In addition, MCPH1 is hyperphosphorylated during mitosis (in prometaphase-arrested cells) suggesting that phosphorylation could potentially regulate MCPH1 mitotic function. Twelve mitotic phosphorylation sites were identified by phosphopeptide mapping, many of which were CDK1 and PLK1 consensus sites. Both PLK1 and CDK1 also contribute to MCPH1 phosphorylation in vivo. Although MCPH1 non-phosphorylatable mutants localise normally during mitosis, binding to interaction partners may be affected which may have functional consequences. During mitosis MCPH1 localises to the centrosomes and kinetochores. Consistent with this localisation, RNAi-mediated knockdown of MCPH1 leads to metaphase arrest with multipolar spindles, major defects in chromosome alignment and loss of chromatid cohesion. In addition, MCPH1 deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cells also demonstrate similar chromosome alignment defects, strengthening this finding in an independent system. Live-imaging of MCPH1 depleted cells demonstrate that a normal bipolar spindle and metaphase plate are initially formed, but subsequently chromosomes and chromatids drop off the metaphase plate and eventually the spindle collapses. This suggests that the primary function of MCPH1 is to allow timely progression through metaphase, possibly by mediating kinetochore-microtubule attachments to satisfy the spindle activated checkpoint. Therefore my work describes several roles for MCPH1 in mitosis (centrosome stability, chromosome alignment and metaphase progression) suggesting that its role in mitosis could result in primary microcephaly in a number of different ways.
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