•Postconflict in Colombia poses new environmental urgencies for biodiversity conservation.•Ten research questions were identified and prioritized by Government, NGOs and the Academy.•Priorities focus ...on sustainable management practices and local economies development.•We found no statistical differences regarding priorities among the three groups.•Results contribute to a new postconflict research agenda on conservation.
The post-conflict scenario in Colombia poses several environmental urgencies, making it necessary to identify and prioritize new challenges for biodiversity conservation and ecosystems management. It is critical to understand how government agencies, NGOs, and academics perceive these challenges, as they all contribute to fundamental decision-making on environmental issues. To achieve this objective we formulated fifty-two research questions that were edited, evaluated, and prioritized by members of each group in a dedicated workshop. Ten of these questions were identified as top priorities and shared with twenty additional members of each group. Perceptions and rankings of the ten priority questions were then compared among groups, but no statistical difference was found. These results highlight that broadly similar goals for biodiversity conservation are shared by all key decision makers in post-conflict Colombia. Namely, conservation through sustainable management practices and development of local economies previously affected by the conflict. The process of developing and prioritizing these research questions helped to identify key drivers of biodiversity loss and create a research agenda to mitigate environmental impacts in post-conflict Colombia.
This study makes a systemic review to cluster and create a competitiveness relationship considering a systems dynamics approach. A dynamic hypothesis was constructed to validate what factors increase ...a cluster’s level of competitiveness, through causal analysis. Then, the causal diagram that validates the dynamic H0 hypothesis was constructed in Vensim PLE systems®. Literature review shows the evolution of the cluster system according to the current needs of the market, and emphasizes the need for new approaches and models that capture the complexity and dynamics of this system, allowing the understanding of its structure and the evaluation of the contribution of factors and capabilities to cluster competitiveness. It highlights the usefulness of systems dynamics as a simulation methodology for dynamic and complex systems, and establishes itself as a growing line of research applied to various systems of study. Dynamic hypothesis H0 was validated using the causal diagram, reaching the conclusion that innovation, productive management, financial management, organizational management, commercial management, and cluster management factors positively increase the cluster competitiveness level. From structure analysis, the behavior is associated to the archetype “Path Dependence”, usual in growing industrial markets.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the potential of using data from long-term citizen science projects to answer questions about the impacts of unexpected events on biodiversity. We evaluate the ...suitability of data from the citizen science platforms iNaturalist and eBird to describe the effects of the “anthropause” on biodiversity observation in Colombia. We compared record distribution according to human footprint, sampling behaviors, overall and conservation priority species composition during the strictest phase of the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 to the same periods in 2015–2019. Overall participation in both platforms during the lockdown was high when compared to previous years, but records were concentrated on highly-transformed regions, had lower sampling efforts, and fewer species were recorded. For eBird, species composition was similar to that observed in previous years, and records of species of conservation concern declined in proportion to the decrease in overall species richness across samples. For iNaturalist, the species pool sampled each year remained too dissimilar for comparisons. Once differences in observer behaviors are accounted for, data from these platforms can be used in unplanned comparisons of relatively common species, in regions with high levels of human transformation, and at narrowly defined geographical contexts. To increase the potential of citizen science to monitor rarer species, more natural areas, or be used in large-scale analyses, we need to build and strengthen more diverse networks of observers that can further promote decentralization, democratization, and cost-effectiveness in biodiversity research.
•We compared iNaturalist and eBird data from 2020 to five previous years.•Biodiversity records during the lockdown came from highly-disturbed regions.•Lower sampling efforts led to fewer total and priority species recorded.•These data may show impacts of the anthropause within narrow ecological contexts.•We need to build and strengthen more diverse networks of biodiversity observers.
Ante la crisis de nuestros sistemas democráticos, expresada en distintos colapsos económicos, ambientales y sociales, y más recientemente en las consecuencias socioeconómicas en torno al manejo de la ...crisis sanitaria generada por el COVID-19, América Latina es hoy un escenario político que ha redefinido la forma como se despliega la participación ciudadana. Tomando como caso de estudio lo sucedido en la ciudad de Cali a partir de las (re)configuraciones socioespaciales, provocadas por el Paro Nacional de Colombia del año 2021, se analizará el papel que juega el espacio en todo este proceso de cambio. El argumento central consiste en la identificación de tres espacialidades que operan en torno a esa nueva forma de participación ciudadana no institucionalizada: el espacio barrial de las organizaciones sociales, el espacio virtual de las redes sociales y el espacio urbano de las grandes movilizaciones. Revisaremos cómo se ha dado esa articulación (triple) del espacio y la emergencia de nuevos actores urbanos/políticos, además de su enorme capacidad transformadora.
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meaning of well-being of older persons in situation of abandonment. Methods: a qualitative phenomenological study, carried out in a nursing home in Tepic, ...Nayarit, from 2017 to 2019. Intentional sampling with 12 older persons aged 60 and above. Data collection occurred by phenomenological interview. The ethical criteria of the General Health Law were respected. Participants signed the Informed Consent Form. Data analysis took place through phenomenological analysis. Results: four themes have emerged: 1. Living Activities of Daily Living; 2. Attention to physical needs; 3. Coexistence; 4. Spirituality experience. Conclusion: for older persons, living institutionalized implies a process of adaptation and transformation to their context and state of life, restructuring their needs that provide well-being. It is important to approach these scenarios to establish ways of experiencing aging that favor a full quality of life.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender el significado de bienestar del anciano en una situación de abandono. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, realizado en asilo de Tepic, Nayarit, de 2017 a 2019. Muestreo intencional con 12 adultos mayores, con 60 años en adelante, hombres y mujeres. Recolección de datos por entrevista fenomenológica. Se respetaron criterios éticos de la Ley General de Salud, participantes firmaron consentimiento informado. Análisis de datos a través de análisis fenomenológico. Resultados: Emergieron cuatro temas: 1. Vivir lo cotidiano de las actividades de la vida diaria; 2. La atención en las necesidades físicas; 3. La convivencia y 4. Vivencia de la Espiritualidad. Conclusión: Para el anciano vivir institucionalizado implica un proceso de adaptación y transformación a su contexto y estado de vida, reestructura sus necesidades que lo proveen de bienestar, es importante el acercamiento a estos escenarios para establecer formas de vivencia del envejecimiento que favorezcan la calidad de vida plena.
RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender o significado de bem-estar do idoso em situação de abandono. Métodos: estudo qualitativo fenomenológico, realizado em uma casa de repouso em Tepic, Nayarit, de 2017 a 2019. Amostragem intencional ocorreu com 12 idosos com 60 anos ou mais, homens e mulheres. Coleta de dados por entrevista fenomenológica. Os critérios éticos da Lei Geral de Saúde foram respeitados. Os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Análise de dados ocorreu por meio de análise fenomenológica. Resultados: emergiram quatro temas: 1. Vivenciando as atividades diárias da vida diária; 2. Atenção às necessidades físicas; 3. Coexistência; 4. Experiência de Espiritualidade. Conclusão: para o idoso, viver institucionalizado implica um processo de adaptação e transformação ao seu contexto e estado de vida, reestruturando suas necessidades que proporcionem bem-estar, sendo importante a abordagem desses cenários para estabelecer formas de vivenciar o envelhecimento que favoreçam uma qualidade de vida plena.
There is a long history of exploitation of the South American river turtle Podocnemis expansa. Conservation efforts for this species started in the 1960s but best practices were not established, and ...population trends and the number of nesting females protected remained unknown. In 2014 we formed a working group to discuss conservation strategies and to compile population data across the species’ range. We analysed the spatial pattern of its abundance in relation to human and natural factors using multiple regression analyses. We found that > 85 conservation programmes are protecting 147,000 nesting females, primarily in Brazil. The top six sites harbour > 100,000 females and should be prioritized for conservation action. Abundance declines with latitude and we found no evidence of human pressure on current turtle abundance patterns. It is presently not possible to estimate the global population trend because the species is not monitored continuously across the Amazon basin. The number of females is increasing at some localities and decreasing at others. However, the current size of the protected population is well below the historical population size estimated from past levels of human consumption, which demonstrates the need for concerted global conservation action. The data and management recommendations compiled here provide the basis for a regional monitoring programme among South American countries.
Societal Impact Statement
Tropical dry forests (TDF) underpin the wellbeing of millions, mostly rural populations; yet have suffered from severe clearing in Colombia, triggering cascading effects ...such as desertification. By engaging scientists, society, and institutions in the establishment of platforms for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, crucial knowledge gaps will be bridged, helping to find a path toward sustainable development. Science‐led but socially and economically anchored information on biodiversity will help to incorporate nature's contributions to people into the society's cultural values. Ultimately, these transformative actions will translate into the comprehensive management of TDF through a greater impact in decision making.
Summary
Thousands of permanent plots have been established across the tropics with the purpose of monitoring tree communities. Research outcomes from these platforms, however, have been mainly directed toward the academic community, and their contribution to society has been limited so far. Here, we show how generating robust data on biodiversity has supported decision making in Colombian tropical dry forests (TDF), where less than 8% of their original cover remains. As a first step to build a national dialogue around the critical status of this ecosystem, a national collaborative network on TDF research and monitoring was born in 2014, the Red de Investigación y Monitoreo del Bosque Seco Tropical en Colombia (Red BST‐Col). Our main goal is to generate scientifically sound information that feeds into the comprehensive management of this ecosystem. To do so, a set of biodiversity monitoring platforms has been established across the country, which have already served to answer socio‐ecological questions related with deforestation drivers, citizen science, or the valuation of ecosystem services. Overall, this research agenda has nurtured the four lines that underpin the Program for the comprehensive management of dry forests in Colombia (knowledge management, preservation, restoration, and sustainable use), formulated by the Humboldt Institute, the United Nations Development Programme, and the Ministry of Environment in 2019. Many challenges are ahead, however, for a complex territory where multiple social actors and productive sectors coexist. The ultimate goal is to integrate all the dimensions of biodiversity to achieve a synthetic understanding of the functioning of the most endangered ecosystem in Colombia, and its relationship with local communities' wellbeing.
Tropical dry forests (TDF) underpin the wellbeing of millions, mostly rural populations; yet have suffered from severe clearing in Colombia, triggering cascading effects such as desertification. By engaging scientists, society, and institutions in the establishment of platforms for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, crucial knowledge gaps will be bridged, helping to find a path toward sustainable development. Science‐led but socially and economically anchored information on biodiversity will help to incorporate nature's contributions to people into the society's cultural values. Ultimately, these transformative actions will translate into the comprehensive management of TDF through a greater impact in decision making.
Colombian software industry is considered a world-class sector that represents an opportunity for economic and industrial growth and boosting competitiveness. The economic relevance of this industry ...lays in the fact that it gives support to the operability and stability of other important industrial sectors of the domestic economy. On the other hand, empirical evidence reveals that there are growth limitations to overcome in order to achieve the proposed goals of the sector. This research work aims to identify the problem that is at the root of the low growth of the industry through a systemic analysis and the use of modeling methodologies. The results indicate deficiencies in the industrial development and market expansion in the sector, due to the misunderstanding of the system dynamic of this industry.
Chlosyne lacinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), también conocido como gusano peludo del girasol, es un insecto de importancia económica en ese cultivo debido a su comportamiento defoliador. Además del ...girasol, se conocen otros hospederos alternos que podrían ser empleados para su cría en cautiverio. Con el fin de describir las diferentes fases de desarrollo y su duración sobre uno de sus hospederos alternos en el Magdalena, Tithonia diversifolia, se criaron ejemplares de esta especie en el laboratorio de entomología de la Universidad del Magdalena. El ciclo de vida de C. lacinia tuvo una duración de 38 a 42 días. Los huevos tardaron un promedio seis días en eclosionar. La fase larval tuvo una duración media de 20 días y la pupa seis. Los resultados de este trabajo difirieren de los realizados por otros autores, sobre la cría de esta misma especie en laboratorio, principalmente en dos aspectos: se encontró una reducción de la duración total del ciclo y se presentó un estadio más en el desarrollo larval del insecto.
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