All methods for estimating evapotranspiration (
ET
o
) require accurate and complete meteorological datasets. However, the common lack of such datasets in Brazil, as well as the definition of the ...method that best represents the spatiotemporal pattern of
ET
o
, are the main challenges to assess and mitigate the effects of climate variability (natural or due to anthropogenic climate change) in the Brazilian agricultural production systems. In this sense, this work aims to assess the spatiotemporal pattern of
ET
o
, identify, and select among twenty-nine methods the one that presents the best performance in estimating
ET
o
for different regions of Brazil using a high-resolution gridded weather dataset (
GWD
). In this study, performance is evaluated by comparing the
ET
o
results obtained through the different methods to that estimated by the Penman–Monteith method. The weather variables used were near surface air temperature (maximum and minimum), relative humidity, wind speed at 2 m, global solar radiation,
ET
o
, and sea level pressure in a daily basis from 1980 to 2017. Through principal component analysis (PCA), the behavior of
ET
o
was mainly influenced by the global solar radiation, maximum air temperature, and relative humidity. For this reason, the performance of the methods varied across the Brazilian regions and seasons. The
Turc
and
Abtew
methods showed the best performance in estimating daily
ET
o
, with lower
RMSE
(~ 0.5 mm day
−1
) and
MAPE
(~ 12%) and higher
c-index
values (~ 0.75), with slight advantage of
Turc
method, for all Brazilian regions and seasons. Also, the
ET
o
estimation by
Turc
and
Abtew
using the
GWD
dataset showed a good agreement with Penman–Monteith method. Finally, the Hargreaves, Penman Original, and Stephens Stewart methods stood out for the Brazilian Northeast region (mean
RMSE
of 0.7 mm day
−1
, mean
MAPE
of 14%, mean
c-index
of 0.7), in areas that presents predominantly arid and semiarid climate conditions.
Background
We assessed whether COVID‐19 is associated with de novo pain and de novo chronic pain (CP).
Methods
This controlled cross‐sectional study was based on phone interviews of patients ...discharged from hospital after COVID‐19 compared to the control group composed of individuals hospitalized during the same period due to non‐COVID‐19 causes. Patients were classified as having previous CP based on the ICD‐11/IASP criteria, de novo pain (i.e. any new type of pain, irrespective of the pain status before hospital stay), and de novo CP (i.e. persistent or recurring de novo pain, lasting more than 3 months) after COVID‐19. We assessed pain prevalence and its characteristics, including headache profile, pain location, intensity, interference, and its relationship with fatigue, and persistent anosmia. Forty‐six COVID‐19 and 73 control patients were included. Both groups had similar sociodemographic characteristics and past medical history.
Results
Length of in‐hospital‐stay and ICU admission rates were significantly higher amongst COVID‐19 survivours, while mechanical ventilation requirement was similar between groups. Pre‐hospitalisation pain was lower in COVID‐19 compared to control group (10.9% vs. 42.5%; p = 0.001). However, the COVID‐19 group had a significantly higher prevalence of de novo pain (65.2% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.001), as well as more de novo headache (39.1%) compared to controls (2.7%, p = 0.001). New‐onset CP was 19.6% in COVID‐19 patients and 1.4% (p = 0.002) in controls. These differences remained significant (p = 0.001) even after analysing exclusively (COVID: n = 40; controls: n = 34) patients who did not report previous pain before the hospital stay. No statistically significant differences were found for mean new‐onset pain intensity and interference with daily activities between both groups. COVID‐19 pain was more frequently located in the head/neck and lower limbs (p < 0.05). New‐onset fatigue was more common in COVID‐19 survivours necessitating inpatient hospital care (66.8%) compared to controls (2.5%, p = 0.001). COVID‐19 patients who reported anosmia had more new‐onset pain (83.3%) compared to those who did not (48.0%, p = 0.024).
Conclusion
COVID‐19 was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of de novo CP, chronic daily headache, and new‐onset pain in general, which was associated with persistent anosmia.
Significance
There exists de novo pain in a substantial number of COVID‐19 survivours, and some develop chronic pain. New‐onset pain after the infection was more common in patients who reported anosmia after hospital discharge.
ABSTRACT
Regarding the Brazilian textile industry, part of the northeast region stands out as the second-largest textile manufacturing hub in the country. Despite its importance, this industrial ...activity has been bringing relevant environmental concerns regarding the disposal of textile effluents, especially from industrial laundries. This waste contains many chemicals and among them are various types of heavy metals. To assess environmental risks associated with heavy metals, pollutant transfer needs to be investigated. This study evaluated the retention and mobility of heavy metals Cd and Cu in alluvial soil, through soil column tests. The up-flow column percolation tests were performed using a nonreactive tracer (KBr) at a concentration of 0.3 mol L
-1
and injecting a metallic solution containing Cu and Cd at 100 and 60 mg L
-1
, respectively. The injection flow rate was 0.75 mL min
-1
. The hydro-dispersive parameters were obtained by modeling the observed breakthrough curves with the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and the two-region model, also referred to as the MIM (Mobile-IMmobile waters) model. The transport parameters were obtained from the two-site model (TSS). All elution curves were fitted to the models with the CXTFIT 2.0 program. The Two-Site Sorption Model was the best for the case studied, with R
2
of 0.985 and 0.995 for Cu and Cd, respectively. The values of R were considerably higher than the unit, presenting an average of 2.138 for Cu and 1.907 for Cd. This indicates a delay of these contaminants when leaving the column, which is caused by the interaction of these chemical compounds with the soil. The values obtained for parameter D were 3.469 for Cu and 5.205 for Cd. Thus, the metals in this study present a risk of groundwater contamination for the local alluvial aquifers. The main reason for that is the physicochemical features of the soil, such as high sand content (85 %) and low OM content (2.1 %). The results also indicated greater retention and less mobility for Cu than for Cd, pointing to a greater risk for Cd.
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Propolis, is a bee product collected from exudates and flower buds of several plants, has strong aroma and several biological applications. This study aimed at evaluating the chemical ...composition and in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of volatile oil from Brazilian brown propolis. It was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Volatile oil from brown propolis exhibited strong antibacterial activity against H. pylori (MIC 3.25μg/ml), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC 50μg/ml) and M. avium (MIC 62.5μg/ml). It was evaluated in vitro for antioxidant activity by DPPH (IC50 25.0μg/ml) and ABTS (IC50 30.1μg/ml) methods. Its cytotoxic property was evaluated in normal (human fibroblasts, GM07429A) and tumor (MCF-7-human breast adenocarcinoma; HeLa-human cervical adenocarcinoma and M059J-human glioblastoma) cell lines. IC50 values were 81.32 μg/ml for GM07429A and 85.00, 129.40 and 84.12 μg/ml for MCF-7, HeLa and M059J cells, respectively. Three major dereplicated components of volatile oil from brown propolis were acetophenone (15.2%), nerolidol (13.3%), and spathulenol (11.6%). Our results contribute to a better understanding of the chemical and biological properties of Brazilian brown propolis and provide evidence for its potential medicinal use.
Resumo O crédito rural é o principal instrumento da política de teor agrícola brasileira, amparando e proporcionando aos agricultores mais investimento em suas produções. Quando comparado, porém, às ...demais, a região Nordeste requer maior atenção e, ademais, essa região também denota heterogeneidade. Assim, este estudo estimou o efeito do crédito rural destinado aos agricultores familiares (Pronaf) sobre a produção total das lavouras temporárias na Região, discriminando nas regiões de clima semiárido e não semiárido, além dos municípios com polos de irrigação e os que não têm. A base de dados foi obtida por intermédio das seguintes fontes: PAM, IBGE, BCB, MDA, INMET e Global Climate Monitor; no período de 2012 a 2017, em razão da disponibilidade de dados, e estes foram analisados com a aplicação de métodos para dados em painel com efeitos aleatórios. Os resultados mostraram que o crédito rural expressou efeito positivo sobre o valor bruto da produção durante o período analisado, apesar de o número de agricultores familiares não exprimir influência. Além disso, os municípios que têm polos de irrigação mostraram resultados melhores em relação aos demais grupos, em contraposição aos municípios localizados no semiárido.
Abstract Rural credit is the main instrument of Brazilian agricultural policy supporting and providing farmers with greater investment in their production. However, when compared to other regions, the Northeast region requires greater attention, in addition, this region also presents heterogeneity. Thus, this study estimated the effect of rural credit destined to family farmers (Pronaf) on the total production of temporary crops in the region, discriminating in regions with semi-arid and non-semi-arid climate, in addition to the municipalities with irrigation poles and those that do not. The database was obtained from the following sources: PAM, IBGE, BCB, MDA, INMET and Global Climate Monitor; in the period from 2012 to 2017, due to the availability of data, and these were analyzed with the application of methods for panel data with random effects. The results showed that rural credit had a positive effect on the gross value of production during the period analyzed, despite the number of family farmers having no influence. In addition, the municipalities that have irrigation poles showed better results among the other groups, in contrast to the municipalities located in the semiarid region.
This study aims to develop a theoretical model for digital risks arising from implementing Industry 4.0 (represented by the acronym TMR-I4.0). A systematic literature review was initially conducted ...using the Methodi Ordinatio methodology to map the principal dimensions and digital risks associated with Industry 4.0 in order to achieve this objective. After completing the nine steps of Methodi, a bibliographic portfolio with 118 articles was obtained. These articles were then subjected to content analysis using QSR Nvivo® version 10 software to categorize digital risks. The analysis resulted in the identification of 9 dimensions and 43 digital risks. The categorization of these risks allowed the construction of maps showing the digital risks and their impacts resulting from the implementation of Industry 4.0. This study advances the literature by proposing a comprehensive categorization of digital risks associated with Industry 4.0, which resulted from an exhaustive literature review. At the conclusion of the study, based on the proposed Theoretical Risk Model for Digital Risks arising from the implementation of Industry 4.0, a research agenda for future studies will be proposed, enabling other researchers to further explore the landscape of digital risks in Industry 4.0.
Abstract This note analyzes which factors contribute to the performance differential of students attending schools in rural and urban areas in Brazil. Our results show that, in both subjects (Math ...and Portuguese), students from schools located in urban areas perform better than students from rural area schools. The decomposition exercise shows that the characteristic-effect explain more the urban-rural differential than the return-effect (or structural-effect). Also, the characteristics of the school attended by the students are the major drivers of the difference in grades mainly in the upper quantiles and especially in Math.
Resumo Com o objetivo de compreender o modo como mulheres transexuais têm sido atendidas em instituições do Sistema Único de Saúde, o estudo adotou o delineamento qualitativo. A análise de conteúdo ...temática de entrevistas e de grupo focal resultou em três categorias: utilização de serviços de saúde por mulheres trans; violência na Atenção à Saúde; falta de atendimento especializado. As participantes referiram não possuir vínculos com a Atenção Primária e buscar atendimento no ambulatório vinculado ao hospital de ensino e em pronto atendimento. Casos de violência institucional, negligência e preconceito permeiam suas experiências. Atendimento humanizado; credenciamento do hospital para o processo transexualizador; investimento no bem-estar do trabalhador; criação de protocolos de atendimento e canais de denúncia foram sugeridos. A equidade e a atenção integral requerem ampliação e qualificação dos serviços. Investimentos em Educação Permanente são essenciais.
Abstract Aiming to understand how transgender women have been served in institutions of the Unified Health System, the study adopted the qualitative design. The thematic content analysis of interviews and focus group resulted in three categories: Use of health services by trans women; Violence in health care; Lack of specialized care. The participants reported having no links with primary care, seeking care in the outpatient clinic linked to the teaching hospital and in emergency care. Cases of institutional violence, negligence, and prejudice permeate their experiences. Humanized care; accreditation of the hospital for the transsexualization process; investment in the worker’s well-being; creation of care protocols and complaint channels were suggested. Equity and integral attention require the expansion and qualification of services. Investments in permanent education are essential.
Resumen Con el objetivo de comprender la forma en que las mujeres transexuales han sido atendidas en instituciones del Sistema Único de Salud, el estudio adoptó la delineación cualitativa. El análisis de contenido temático de entrevistas y de grupo focal resultó en tres categorías: Utilización de servicios de salud por mujeres trans; Violencia en la atención de la salud; Falta de atención especializada. Las participantes refirieron que no tenían vínculos con la atención primaria y que buscaban atención en el ambulatorio vinculado al hospital escuela y en urgencias. Casos de violencia institucional, negligencia y prejuicios atraviesan sus experiencias. Se sugirieron la atención humanizada, la acreditación del hospital para el proceso de transexualidad, la inversión en el bienestar del trabajador y la creación de protocolos de atención y canales de denuncia. La equidad y la atención integral requieren aplicación y calificación de los servicios. Son esenciales inversiones en educación permanente.
Abstract Aiming to understand how transgender women have been served in institutions of the Unified Health System, the study adopted the qualitative design. The thematic content analysis of ...interviews and focus group resulted in three categories: Use of health services by trans women; Violence in health care; Lack of specialized care. The participants reported having no links with primary care, seeking care in the outpatient clinic linked to the teaching hospital and in emergency care. Cases of institutional violence, negligence, and prejudice permeate their experiences. Humanized care; accreditation of the hospital for the transsexualization process; investment in the worker’s well-being; creation of care protocols and complaint channels were suggested. Equity and integral attention require the expansion and qualification of services. Investments in permanent education are essential.
Resumo Com o objetivo de compreender o modo como mulheres transexuais têm sido atendidas em instituições do Sistema Único de Saúde, o estudo adotou o delineamento qualitativo. A análise de conteúdo temática de entrevistas e de grupo focal resultou em três categorias: utilização de serviços de saúde por mulheres trans; violência na Atenção à Saúde; falta de atendimento especializado. As participantes referiram não possuir vínculos com a Atenção Primária e buscar atendimento no ambulatório vinculado ao hospital de ensino e em pronto atendimento. Casos de violência institucional, negligência e preconceito permeiam suas experiências. Atendimento humanizado; credenciamento do hospital para o processo transexualizador; investimento no bem-estar do trabalhador; criação de protocolos de atendimento e canais de denúncia foram sugeridos. A equidade e a atenção integral requerem ampliação e qualificação dos serviços. Investimentos em Educação Permanente são essenciais.
Resumen Con el objetivo de comprender la forma en que las mujeres transexuales han sido atendidas en instituciones del Sistema Único de Salud, el estudio adoptó la delineación cualitativa. El análisis de contenido temático de entrevistas y de grupo focal resultó en tres categorías: Utilización de servicios de salud por mujeres trans; Violencia en la atención de la salud; Falta de atención especializada. Las participantes refirieron que no tenían vínculos con la atención primaria y que buscaban atención en el ambulatorio vinculado al hospital escuela y en urgencias. Casos de violencia institucional, negligencia y prejuicios atraviesan sus experiencias. Se sugirieron la atención humanizada, la acreditación del hospital para el proceso de transexualidad, la inversión en el bienestar del trabajador y la creación de protocolos de atención y canales de denuncia. La equidad y la atención integral requieren aplicación y calificación de los servicios. Son esenciales inversiones en educación permanente.
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