The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the most critically ill patients with COVID-19 have greater autonomic nervous system dysregulation and assessing the heart rate variability, allows us ...to predict severity and 30-day mortality. This was a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the 30-day mortality. The heart rate variability and more specifically the relative parasympathetic activity (ANIm), and the SDNN (Energy), were measured. To predict severity and mortality multivariate analyses of ANIm, Energy, SOFA score, and RASS scales were conducted. 112 patients were collected, the survival group (n = 55) and the deceased group (n = 57). The ANIm value was higher (p = 0.013) and the Energy was lower in the deceased group (p = 0.001); Higher Energy was correlated with higher survival days (p = 0.009), and a limit value of 0.31 s predicted mortalities with a sensitivity of 71.9% and a specificity of 74.5%. Autonomic nervous system and heart rate variability monitoring in critically ill patients with COVID-19 allows for predicting survival days and 30-day mortality through the Energy value. Those patients with greater severity and mortality showed higher sympathetic depletion with a predominance of relative parasympathetic activity.
Introduction
Sponges harbor diverse, specific, and stable microbial communities, but at the same time, they efficiently feed on microbes from the surrounding water column. This filter-feeding ...lifestyle poses the need to distinguish between three categories of bacteria: food to digest, symbionts to incorporate, and pathogens to eliminate. How sponges discriminate between these categories is still largely unknown. Phagocytosis is conceivable as the cellular mechanism taking part in such discrimination, but experimental evidence is missing. We developed a quantitative
in-vivo
phagocytosis assay using an emerging experimental model, the sponge
Halichondria panicea
.
Methods
We incubated whole sponge individuals with different particles, recovered the sponge (host) cells, and tracked the incorporation of these particles into the sponge cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescent microscopy were used to quantify and verify phagocytic activity, defined here as the population of sponge cells with incorporated particles. Sponges were incubated with a green microalgae to test if particle concentration in the seawater affects the percentage of phagocytic activity, and to determine the timing where the maximum of phagocytic cells are captured in a pulse-chase experiment. Lastly, we investigated the application of our phagocytic assay with other particle types (i.e., fluorescently-labelled bacteria and fluorescent beads).
Results and discussion
The percentage of sponge cells that had incorporated algae, bacteria, and beads ranged between 5 to 24%. These phagocytic sponge cells exhibited different morphologies and sizes depending on the type of particle presented to the sponge. Particle incorporation into sponge cells was positively related to algal concentration in the seawater, suggesting that sponge cells adjust their phagocytic activity depending on the number of particles they encounter. Our results further revealed that sponge phagocytosis initiates within minutes after exposure to the particles. Fluorescent and TEM microscopy rectified algal internalization and potential digestion in sponge cells. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative
in-vivo
phagocytosis assay established in sponges that could be used to further explore phagocytosis as a cellular mechanism for sponges to differentiate between different microorganisms.
On Caribbean reefs, the excavating sponge Cliona tenuis opportunistically colonized dead skeletons of the elkhorn coral Acropora palmata after its massive die‐off in the 1980s. Further C. tenuis ...population increase occurred by colonization of other coral species, causing coral tissue death through undermining of live tissue and lateral growth. To follow up on a previous (2001) characterization of the abundance and size structure of C. tenuis at Islas del Rosario (Colombia), these factors were again estimated in 2014, along with its substratum utilization. The fate of sponge individuals colonizing massive coral colonies marked in 2001–2004 was also followed. By 2014 C. tenuis was still disproportionally occupying dead A. palmata branches, but its abundance and density, and the cover of other benthic elements, had not significantly changed over the 13‐year period, suggesting that a stasis has been reached. Cliona tenuis was thus initially favored in the 1980s, but substratum monopolization did not occur. From 2001 to 2014, small individuals increased in number and very large ones decreased, suggesting not only that new recruitment is occurring, but also that larger sponges are shrinking or fragmenting. Marked sponges continued killing corals over the first few years, but over longer times they retreated or died, allowing corals to resume upward growth. However, it could not be ascertained whether the sponge retreat was age‐related or the result of some environmental effect. The apparent preference for recently dead clean coral by larvae of C. tenuis and its current dynamics of recruitment, growth, fragmentation and mortality have stabilized its space occupation at Islas del Rosario.
Caring for mental health and mental disorders, from primary health attention, is a prime right. The objective of this study was to examine the testimonies of health attention services users regarding ...the assistance attitudes and practices. This was a hermeneutic qualitative study of several cases. Findings: It can be inferred that there exists a relative crisis in the feeble application of a public policy and in the capacity to encourage meaningful learnings in function of higher or lower potentials, linked to the construction of subjectivities. Conclusions: it is necessary to make a profound reflection on the mutation of meaning and the senses of the service and care of mental health and mental disorders, especially for the re-signification of the patient's human and psychoaffective domains in behalf of the actors involved in providing services from a comprehensive and systematic perspective. This should be encompassed with the pharmaceutical service in the intersectorial team, searching for an alternative cognitive training of the brain, as an endogenous substances generator, to strengthen the balance between the mind-emotions and the organic, in favor of the individual and social well-being, while maintaining the use of psychopharmacological drugs only when strictly necessary.
Historical records of growth rates of the key Caribbean reef framework-building coral Orbicella faveolata can be fundamental not only to understand how these organisms respond to environmental ...changes but also to infer future responses of reef ecosystems in a changing world. While coral growth rates have been widely documented throughout the Caribbean, the drivers of coral growth variability remain poorly understood. Here we provide a record spanning 53 years (1963–2015) of the coral growth parameters for five O. faveolata core samples collected at Serrana Atoll, inside the Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, Colombian Caribbean. Coral cores were extracted from reefs isolated from direct anthropogenic impacts, and growth estimations were derived using computerized tomography. Master records of coral growth parameters were evaluated to identify long-term trends and to relate growth responses with sea surface temperature (SST), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation indexes, aragonite saturation state (Ωarag), and degree heating months (DHM). Mean density, linear extension and calcification rates were 1.08 g cm-3, 0.96 cm yr-1 and 1.02 g cm-2 yr-1, respectively. We found significant negative relationships between density and mean SST, maximum SST, AMO, and DHM. Moreover, density showed significant positive correlations with NAO and Ωarag. Extension rate did not show significant correlations with any environmental variable; however, there were significant negative correlations between calcification and maximum SST, AMO, and DHM. Trends of coral growth indicated a significant reduction in density and calcification over time, which were best explained by changes in Ωarag. Inter-annual declines in calcification and density up to 25% (relative to historical mean) were associated to the impacts of previously recorded mass bleaching events (1998, 2005 and 2010). Our study provides further evidence that AMO and Ωarag are important drivers affecting coral growth rates in the Southwestern Caribbean. Therefore, we suggest upcoming variations of AMO and future trajectories of Ωarag in the Anthropocene could have a substantial influence on future disturbances, ecological process and responses of the Caribbean reefs.
Las universidades como instituciones de conocimiento, deben contar con propuestas metodológicas de tipo pedagógico que les permitan actualizar el currículo, si bien cada institución adopta modelos ...que les permiten alcanzar este objetivo, una de las debilidades es participación activa de los estudiantes; en este estudio se reflexiona alrededor del valor de las experiencias discentes y sus implicaciones para la cualificación de los procesos de formativos de la educación universitaria. El trabajo se apoya en el paradigma cualitativo desde un enfoque fenomenológico; se utiliza la etnometodológia y la etnoinvestigación-formación. Para la generación de la información se utiliza el diario de campo y grupos focales dinamizados por actividades colaborativas, y el análisis se hace de tipo categorial temático y contrastivo. En el ejercicio de caracterizar las experiencias discentes que denominamos resonancias, se encuentra que la retroalimentación colaborativa de currículo, permite identificar muchas resonancias que normalmente permanecen en la opacidad, es decir que no son tenidas en cuenta y que son tratadas como epifenómenos del proceso formativo. En este trabajo consideramos el valor y capacidad de alteridad de las experiencias discentes, que son concebidos como actores curriculantes, es decir, coautores de las experiencias formativas, que tienen conocimientos que pueden ser utilizados para ajustar las propuestas de los componentes curriculares mejorando la calidad de la enseñanza, el aprendizaje, la práctica pedagógica y la cualificación el currículo.
Este artículo describe la creación de uno de los programas de Ingeniería Administrativa más antiguos del mundo, el pregrado de Ingeniería Administrativa en la Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional ...de Colombia - Sede Medellín. Este programa fue fundado en 1959 y actualmente es uno de los mejores programas de administración en el país. En este artículo se hace un análisis de los antecedentes históricos de la Facultad de Minas y su relación con la administración, posteriormente se reporta una investigación bibliográfica y documental sobre la creación del programa, analizando los personajes e instituciones que la facilitaron. También se presenta una síntesis del proceso que llevó a la creación, en 1960, del programa de Administración de Negocios y de EAFIT, la Institución que lo ofrece, como resultado del desacuerdo sobre la orientación académica del programa de Ingeniería Administrativa. Finalmente se describe el desarrollo de los primeros años del programa.
Resumen Los cuidados de la salud y de la alteración mental, desde la atención primaria en salud, son un derecho ineludible. El objetivo fue indagar testimonios de usuarios de servicios de atención en ...salud sobre la actitud y práctica asistencial. Estudio cualitativo hermenéutico de casos. Hallazgos, se infiere la crisis relativa de la falta de aplicación de la política pública y de motivar aprendizajes significativos en función de su mayor o menor potencialidad, conexa a la construcción de subjetividades. Conclusiones, se requiere reflexión profunda de la mutación del significado y sentidos del servicio y cuidados a la salud y alteración mental, máxime la re-significación de lo humano y de lo psicoafectivo del paciente por los actores involucrados del servicio asistencial de forma holística sistemática. Unido al servicio farmacéutico en equipo intersectorial, en la búsqueda de un tratamiento alternativo cognitivo de entrenar el cerebro como productor de sustancias endógenas que fortalece el equilibrio entre la mente-emociones y lo orgánico, por el bienestar individual y social; y usar psicofármaco sólo cuando sea necesario.
Abstract Caring for mental health and mental disorders, from primary health attention, is a prime right. The objective of this study was to examine the testimonies of health attention services users regarding the assistance attitudes and practices. This was a hermeneutic qualitative study of several cases. Findings: It can be inferred that there exists a relative crisis in the feeble application of a public policy and in the capacity to encourage meaningful learnings in function of higher or lower potentials, linked to the construction of subjectivities. Conclusions: it is necessary to make a profound reflection on the mutation of meaning and the senses of the service and care of mental health and mental disorders, especially for the re-signification of the patient's human and psychoaffective domains in behalf of the actors involved in providing services from a comprehensive and systematic perspective. This should be encompassed with the pharmaceutical service in the intersectorial team, searching for an alternative cognitive training of the brain, as an endogenous substances generator, to strengthen the balance between the mind-emotions and the organic, in favor of the individual and social well-being, while maintaining the use of psychopharmacological drugs only when strictly necessary.
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