ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
A majority of research findings have focused on recess as instrumental to achieving minutes of physical activity rather than focusing on the psycho‐social benefits associated with ...a high‐quality recess environment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between recess quality and teacher‐reported social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes in children.
METHODS
Data were collected from 26 schools in 4 different regions of the United States. Teachers (N = 113) completed behavioral assessments for randomly selected children in their classrooms (N = 352). Data assessors conducted live observations of recess using the Great Recess Framework—Observational Tool. A series of 2‐level regression models were fit in Mplus v. 8.2 to assess how recess quality was associated with indicators of children's social, emotional, and behavioral health.
RESULTS
Recess quality significantly predicted executive functioning problems (b = −.360, p = .021), resilience (b = .369, p = .016), emotional self‐control (b = −.367, p = .016), and a composite of adaptive classroom behaviors (b = .321, p = .030).
CONCLUSION
Results of the present study demonstrate that recess quality impacts child developmental outcomes. Schools should ensure there is adequate training and resources to facilitate a positive and meaningful recess for students.
To determine the outcomes, with particular attention to toxicity, of children with Down syndrome (DS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated on Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) protocol 9421.
...Children with DS and newly diagnosed AML (n = 57) were prospectively enrolled onto the standard-therapy arm of POG 9421 and were administered five cycles of chemotherapy, which included daunorubicin 135 mg/m(2) and mitoxantrone 80 mg/m(2). Outcomes and toxicity were evaluated prospectively and were compared with the non-DS-AML cohort (n = 565). A retrospective chart review was performed to identify adverse cardiac events.
In the DS-AML group, 54 patients (94.7%) entered remission. One experienced induction failure and two died. Of the 54 who entered remission, three relapsed and six died as a result of other causes. The remission induction rate was similar in the non-DS-French-American-British (FAB) M7 (91.7%) and non-DS-non-M7 (89.3%) groups. The 5-year overall survival was significantly better in the DS-AML group (78.6%) than in the non-DS-M7 (36.3%) or the non-DS-non-M7 (51.8%) groups (P < .001). No age-related difference in 5-year, event-free survival was seen between patients younger than 2 years (75.8%) and those aged 2 to 4 years (78.3%). Symptomatic cardiomyopathy developed in 10 patients (17.5%) with DS-AML during or soon after completion of treatment; three died as a result of congestive heart failure.
The POG 9421 treatment regimen was highly effective in both remission induction and disease-free survival for patients with DS-AML. However, there was a high incidence of cardiomyopathy, which supports current strategies for dose reduction of anthracyclines in this patient population.
Previous researchers have demonstrated that sport participation can be a place of purpose, a place of celebrated deviance, and/or a value-neutral endeavor for children who have experienced ...developmental trauma. While previous research has focused primarily on sport as a positive influence, the purpose of this paper is to examine where disillusionment, disengagement, and damage occur through participation in sport. This study was guided by a constructionist epistemology, with the researchers aiming to understand how sport participation interacted with various system-level influences. Interviews were conducted with 41 former athletes, significant others, and community members. The results of this study explore how a sport system can contribute to disillusionment in sport, disengagement from sport, and damage done through sport.
To assess cardiac morphology and left ventricular (LV) function in normotensive morbidly obese patients with and without congestive heart failure (CHF) we performed a physical examination and ...obtained a transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac Doppler studies before and after substantial weight loss in patients whose actual body weight was initially equal to or more than twice their ideal body weight and who were free from systemic hypertension and underlying organic heart disease. There were 24 patients with CHF, 14 of whom were studied after weight loss. There were 50 patients without CHF, 39 of whom were studied after weight loss. Compared to patients without CHF, those with CHF had significantly greater mean LV internal dimension in diastole, LV end-systolic wall stress, LV mass/height index values, left atrial dimension and right ventricular internal dimension values, significantly lower mean LV fractional shortening, and transmitral Doppler E/A ratio values, and significantly longer mean transmitral E-wave deceleration time and duration of morbid obesity than patients without CHF. Substantial weight loss in those with and without CHF produced comparable reductions in mean LV internal dimension in diastole, LV end-systolic wall stress, LV mass/height index, transmitral Doppler E-wave deceleration time, and left atrial dimension, and comparable increases in LV fractional shortening and transmitral Doppler E/A ratio. Linear regression analysis identified duration of morbid obesity as the strongest predictor of CHF (p <0.00000002). Thus, LV mass is greater and LV systolic function and diastolic filling are more impaired in normotensive morbidly obese subjects with CHF than in those without CHF. Duration of morbid obesity is the strongest predictor of CHF among the variables studied. Substantial weight loss produces comparable changes in cardiac morphology and function in those with and without CHF.
We established the importance of phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) to both the familiarity discrimination component of long-term recognition memory and plasticity ...within the perirhinal cortex of the temporal lobe. Adenoviral transduction of perirhinal cortex (and adjacent visual association cortex) with a dominant-negative inhibitor of CREB impaired the preferential exploration of novel over familiar objects at a long (24 h) but not a short (15 min) delay, disrupted the normal reduced activation of perirhinal neurons to familiar compared with novel pictures, and impaired long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in perirhinal slices. The consistency of these effects across the behavioral, systems, and cellular levels of analysis provides strong evidence for involvement of CREB phosphorylation in synaptic plastic processes within perirhinal cortex necessary for long-term recognition memory.
Research from the sport medicine professional's (SMP's) perspective indicates that SMPs are often required to address psychosocial aspects of injuries during treatment. However, only a few authors ...have investigated injured athletes' experiences with these concerns.
To explore injured professional athletes' views on the role of SMPs in the psychosocial aspects of sport-injury rehabilitation. Design : Qualitative study.
Professional association football and rugby union clubs.
Ten professional, male football (n = 4; 40%) and rugby union (n = 6; 60%) players (age = 22.4 ± 3.4 years). Data Collection and Analysis : We collected data using a semistructured interview guide, and the data were then transcribed and analyzed following the interpretative phenomenological analysis guidelines. We peer reviewed and triangulated the established emergent themes to establish trustworthiness.
Athletes in our study viewed injuries as "part and parcel" of their sports. Despite normalizing sport injuries, athletes reported frequent feelings of frustration and self-doubt throughout the rehabilitation process. However, athletes' perceived the role of SMPs in injury rehabilitation as addressing physical concerns; any intervention aimed at psychosocial outcomes (eg, motivation, confidence) needed to be subtle and indirect.
The SMPs working with injured athletes need to understand the psychosocial principles that underpin athletes' sport-injury processes and the effect psychosocial reactions can have on athletes. Moreover, SMPs must understand the self-regulatory processes that may take place throughout injury rehabilitation and be able to apply psychological principles in natural and subtle ways to aid athletes' self-regulatory abilities.
School recess quality is vital to children's social and emotional skill development. However, there is a research-to-practice gap where academic findings are ineffectively translated back to schools. ...The aims of this study were to examine how a co-designed intervention would impact negative behaviors observed during recess and to explore the facilitators and barriers to recess implementation over the course of a school year.
Utilizing a research-practice partnership, the authors collaborated with staff at an elementary school to design, implement, and assess an intervention focused on improving recess quality. The intervention offered training in research-supported recess practices through professional development training and teaching students transitions and games. The school's recess behavioral report log of negative playground behaviors across the academic year and notes from recess staff meetings were analyzed.
Quantitative results pointed to a stable decrease in negative playground behaviors post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. Qualitative analyses suggest school leadership and practitioners should focus on "reculturing" recess prior to making structural changes, and empowering recess staff to sustain change.
Prior to considering interventions at recess, there is a need to assess both school and recess culture. In doing so, reculturing around the importance of recess during the school day and the roles of adults in the process is needed to ensure the sustainability of any changes made.
Narratives of sport as 'a way out' for young people from oppressed backgrounds tend to be over-simplified and linear, with critiques about perceptions of sport as 'mythopoeic', and able to overcome ...the environmental, social, and cultural forces and discourses at play. And yet, narratives of success through sport might be the most accessible for those from oppressed backgrounds or identity groups, where their future stories might be told. This dichotomy has been explored in combat sport, with research that both supports and questions the 'sport-for-good' narrative. In this study, we sought to better understand how narratives were told, embodied, and acted out through participation in combat sports. Interviews were conducted with male combat sport athletes who grew up in oppressed communities and who experienced multiple developmental traumas. Through narrative inquiry, three stories were crafted in the form of creative non-fiction portraits that were accessible, emotive, vivid, and embodied - engaging readers in the intimate discovery of unknown worlds in which they may find parts of themselves as well as a deeper understanding and empathy for others. Through these stories, we illuminate the inherent complexity of the role sport plays in the development of individuals, as well as examine a narrative of 'unfinished' which challenges and expands our understanding of engagement in combat sport, particularly for those from traumatising and/or oppressed backgrounds. We conclude by examining how purpose serves as an act of resilience for participants in the current study.
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