The rise of borophene Kumar, Prashant; Singh, Gurwinder; Bahadur, Rohan ...
Progress in Materials Science/Progress in materials science,
December 2024, 2024-12-00, Letnik:
146
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Borophene stands out uniquely among Xenes with its metallic character, Dirac nature, exceptional electron mobility, thermal conductivity, and Young’s moduli—surpassing graphene. Invented in 2015, ...various methods, including atomic layer deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and chemical vapor deposition, have successfully been demonstrated to realize substrate-supported crystal growth. Top-down approaches like micromechanical, sonochemical, solvothermal and modified hummer’s techniques have also been employed. Thanks to its high electronic mobility, borophene serves as an active material for ultrafast sensing of light, gases, molecules, and strain. Its metallic behaviour, electrochemical activity, and anti-corrosive nature make it ideal for applications in energy storage and catalysis. It has been proven effective as an electrocatalyst for HER, OER, water splitting, CO2 reduction, and NH3 reduction reactions. Beyond this, borophene has found utility in bioimaging, biosensing, and various biomedical applications. A special emphasis will be given on the borophene nanoarchitectonics i.e. doped borophene and borophene-based hybrids with other 2D materials and nanoparticles and the theoretical understanding of these emerging materials systems to gain more insights on their electronic structure and properties, aiming to manipulate borophene for tailored applications.
Background: The introduction of mitomycin C (MMC) as an adjunct to trabeculectomy was a major advance in the ability to improve the Intra ocular pressure lowering efficiency of the procedure. The ...time tested traditional way of administration of MMC is via a sponges soaked in it, duration and concentration varies depending on risk of failure. A subconjunctival injection of MMC instead of these sponges is recently being used as a promising alternative. Purpose: Here is the video demonstrating the 2 possible ways to prepare and apply MMC during a trabeculectomy surgery. Synopsis: Intraoperative injection of MMC in trabeculectomy has several advantages over conventional method ofsponge application. A large MMC treatment area produces more diffuse and elevated blebs. Large-area MMC application also seems to increase long-term success without increasing the complication rates in trabeculectomies. Direct and diffuse application of MMC by injection may promote less scarring and vascularization of the bleb. To achieve the same surface area of exposure with sponges, i.e.achieved with injection, the surgeon must use multiple sponges, all of which must be carefully collected thereafter. The injection method,therefore,eliminates the risk of retained sponges. Highlights: injection of MMC may be as safe and as effective as conventional sponge application of MMC with comparable estimated complete treatment success with relatively lower complication rates.
Video link: https://youtu.be/RLEbK4IeRtU
An inverse patchy colloid (IPC) refers to a particle having patches that are mutually repulsive while the bare particle-patch interactions are attractive. We model a system of charged IPCs with a ...single patch using Debye-Hückel theory. We derive the full analytical expression for the effective interaction energy for a pair of IPCs as a function of inter-particle separation and particle orientations. The model is applicable for various patch coverage, ionic strengths and dielectric permittivity of the medium. Approximate solutions are derived under high screening limit and the results are compared with the full solution. The model can be used in molecular simulations such as Monte Carlo simulations to accurately describe the interaction between a pair of IPCs for a given experimental conditions.
Because infection has been associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), we hypothesized that post-transplant hypogammaglobulinemia would be associated with infection ...and BOS.
Cross-sectional levels of serum immunoglobulins were measured on 2 occasions in our transplant cohort and models developed to explain serum immunoglobulin levels and BOS-free survival.
A total of 139 patients (median age, 46.6 years) were evaluated at 47 months (range, 15-74 months) after transplant, and 87 were re-evaluated at 72 months (40-107 months). Of this cohort, 44% were immunoglobulin (Ig) G deficient and levels remained stable across the study period, and 27% were IgA deficient and levels fell slightly over time (p = 0.003). Both immunoglobulin classes were lower in patients with a history of invasive fungal infection, whereas IgA levels were lower in patients with a history of community-acquired respiratory viral infection. Low IgG was independently associated with shorter BOS-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-0.88; p<0.001).
Serum immunoglobulin deficiency is common after lung transplantation and is associated with community-acquired respiratory viral infection, invasive fungal infection, and BOS.
M-type hexaferrite has attracted much attention for its large magneto-crystalline anisotropic energy, exceptionally good chemical stability, corrosion resistance, high Curie temperature, and high ...coercivity. In this review paper, our goal is to examine the microwave absorption properties and related studies of M-type hexaferrite-based materials. The microwave absorption properties of hexaferrite-based materials in the S, X, and Ku-band are discussed with their corresponding reflection losses. Complementarity between magnetic loss and dielectric loss is found to have a great impact on the proper absorption of microwaves. The mechanisms corresponding to the microwave absorption in different morphologies and structural adaptations of hexaferrite have been elaborated in the article. The ongoing trends and future perspectives of these materials are also outlined.
Display omitted
•Recent investigations into M-type hexaferrites have been discussed.•The need for electromagnetic wave shielding material is addressed.•Basic mechanisms involved in shielding electromagnetic radiations are explained.•Role of M-type hexaferrite based materials in shielding the radiations are detailed.•Future prospective of the effective shielding materials in trend are viewed.
Colloids with lobed architectures have been shown to self-assemble into promising porous structures with potential biomedical applications. The synthesis of these colloids via experiments can be ...tuned to vary the number and the position of the lobes. However, the polydispersity involving the numbers, sizes, and the dispositions of lobes, that is often observed in particle designs, can significantly affect their self-assembled structures. In this work, we go beyond the uniform lobe size conditions commonly considered in molecular simulations, and probe the effect of polydispersity due to non-uniform lobe sizes by studying self-assembly in three experimentally observable designs of lobed particles (dumbbell, two lobes; trigonal planar, three lobes; and tetrahedral, four lobes), using coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations in the NVT ensemble. With increasing polydispersity, we observed the formation of a crystalline structure from a disordered state for the dumbbell system, and a loss of order in the crystalline structures for the trigonal planar system. The tetrahedral system retained a crystalline structure with only a minor loss in compactness. We observed that the effect of polydispersity on the self-assembled morphology of a given system can be minimized by increasing the number of lobes. The polydispersity in the lobe size may also be useful in tuning self-assemblies toward desired structures.
(1-x)SrFe10Al2O19/(x)Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4-(SFAO/CZFO) hard/soft nanocomposite ferrite materials were synthesized by ‘one-pot’ self-propagating combustion route. The co-existence of the two magnetic phases ...were confirmed by XRD, FESEM, EDS and VSM. The prepared nanocomposite samples were also characterized by TGA/DSC, Raman spectroscopy and VNA. Exchange coupling between the hard and the soft magnetic grains was observed by determining the switching field distribution (SFD) curve. As a result of the competing effects of exchange interaction and dipolar interaction, magnetic parameters were observed to be sensitive to the incorporation of soft magnetic phase into the nanocomposite. Results showed that with the inclusion of soft magnetic phase, exchange coupling behaviour between the hard and the soft ferrite phases had significant influence on the microwave absorption capacity of the samples. Related electromagnetic parameters and impedance matching ratio of the nanocomposite system were discussed. A minimum reflection loss of −42.9 dB with an absorber thickness of 2.5 mm was attained by the nanocomposite (90 wt%)SrFe10Al2O19/(10 wt %)Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 at a matching frequency of 11.45 GHz. This assured the candidacy of SrFe10Al2O19/Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4 nanocomposite as a promising microwave absorption material in the X-band (8–12 GHz).
PDF
