This report focuses on cardioprotection and describes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of inducing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) with regard to neuroprotection and cardioprotection ...for patients with cardiac arrest and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). TH is recommended in cardiac arrest guidelines. For patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, improvements in survival and neurologic outcomes were observed with relatively slow induction of TH. More rapid induction of TH in patients with cardiac arrest might have a mild to modest incremental impact on neurologic outcomes. TH drastically reduces infarct size in animal models, but achievement of target temperature before reperfusion is essential. Rapid initiation of TH in patients with STEMI is challenging but attainable, and marked infarct size reductions are possible. To induce TH, a variety of devices have recently been developed that require additional study. Of particular interest is transcoronary induction of TH using a catheter or wire lumen, which enables hypothermic reperfusion in the absence of total-body hypothermia. At present, the main methods of inducing and maintaining TH are surface cooling, endovascular heat-exchange catheters, and intravenous infusion of cold fluids. Surface cooling or endovascular catheters may be sufficient for induction of TH in patients resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. For patients with STEMI, intravenous infusion of cold fluids achieves target temperature very rapidly but might worsen left ventricular function. More widespread use of TH would improve survival and quality of life for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; larger studies with more rapid induction of TH are needed in the STEMI population.
This study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of peripheral vascular interventions performed in a private, outpatient catheterization laboratory.
Peripheral vascular interventions have been ...traditionally performed in the inpatient setting. However, there has been a recent shift away from hospital-based vascular interventions toward outpatient-based procedures. Data are scarce on the efficacy and safety of such procedures being performed in the outpatient setting.
We performed a retrospective chart review of the first 500 consecutive procedures that were performed at an outpatient catheterization laboratory from February 2012 through February 2013. We separated the procedures into arteriovenous fistula (AVF)-related procedures, peripheral arterial disease (PAD)-related procedures, and miscellaneous procedures. The primary endpoint was procedure success rate, defined as postintervention residual stenosis of <30% on angiography. The secondary endpoint was procedure-related adverse events.
The success rate for AVF-related interventions was 90%, and 93% when including partially successful interventions. The success rate for PAD-related interventions was 82%, and 92% when including partially successful interventions. The procedure success rate for miscellaneous interventions was 89%. Five AVF-related procedures suffered an adverse event (1.49%). Two PAD-related procedures suffered an adverse event (1.3%), while no adverse events were noted among miscellaneous procedures. One patient required immediate postprocedure hospitalization due to iliac artery perforation.
Peripheral vascular procedures performed in the outpatient setting are safe and effective. A comparison of outcomes between outpatient and inpatient facilities when performing similar peripheral vascular interventions is needed in order to determine whether a transition of further vascular procedures into an outpatient setting is justified.
Review of vascular closure devices Schwartz, Bryan G; Burstein, Steven; Economides, Christina ...
The Journal of invasive cardiology
22, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Vascular access-site complications are an important cause of morbidity following catheterization procedures. Manual compression is the "gold standard" in achieving hemostasis of an arteriotomy site; ...however, manual compression is limited by the need to interrupt anticoagulation, prolonged bed rest, patient discomfort and time demands for healthcare providers. Vascular closure devices (VCDs) improve patient comfort, free medical staff resources and shorten the time needed for hemostasis, ambulation and discharge. However, the safety of VCDs remains in question and they may increase the risks of infection and leg ischemia. Compared with manual compression, the rate of major complications appears to be increased with VasoSeal, decreased with Angio-Seal and decreased in diagnostic cases with Perclose. The safety of VCDs cannot be assumed due to "class effect," and nearly all individual trials are underpowered to detect differences in complication rates, so the safety of other individual VCDs is unclear. In the absence of puncture site-related risk factors, VCDs as a whole appear to have little influence on complication rates, and patients at high baseline risk for bleeding due to clinical factors may benefit from these devices. Screening with femoral angiography prior to VCD placement and avoidance of VCDs in the presence of puncture site-related risk factors might reduce the risk of vascular complications. This review describes the mechanism, efficacy and safety of VCDs including hemostasis pads, the FemoStop, Clamp Ease, Mynx, Duett, FISH, Boomerang, ExoSeal, Starclose, VasoSeal, Angio-Seal and Perclose devices.
A patient came to our institution for evaluation and closure of suspected patent foramen ovale actively manifesting as cerebrovascular accident. Through further studies, we found the presence of a ...pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, which was subsequently and successfully closed through non-invasive percutaneous selective segmental pulmonary artery embolisation.
Intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABPs) are indicated during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (HR-PCI) to reduce major procedural complications. The clinical utility of the newer Impella and ...TandemHeart devices is not clear. This study determined the baseline characteristics, hemodynamics, and outcomes of patients treated with prophylactic percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (PLVADs) during HR-PCI.
A retrospective analysis at a private, tertiary referral hospital was conducted of all cases involving prophylactic PLVAD during HR-PCI between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2010. General practice in this institution involves a tiered approach to PLVAD whereby patients with the least, intermediate, and highest risk of left ventricular failure are treated with an IABP, Impella, or TandemHeart, respectively.
Fifty cases were identified (5 IABP, 13 Impella, 32 TandemHeart). Mean ejection fraction was 31 ± 17%. All devices (100%) were initiated successfully. Angiographic success was achieved in 96% (80% IABP, 100% Impella, 97% TandemHeart). Of the 38 patients not in cardiogenic shock, death occurred in 1 (2.6%), recurrent ischemia in 3 (8%), and stroke in 0%. Shortly after device removal, systolic blood pressure (mean increase, +5 ± 22 mmHg) and ejection fraction (mean increase, +7.4 ± 11%; p = 0.0006) increased in all 3 groups, suggesting a beneficial effect on the myocardium.
In patients undergoing HR-PCI with Impella and TandemHeart support, angiographic success was high and major complication rates were low. A tiered approach where patients with the least, intermediate, and highest risk of left ventricular failure are treated with an IABP, Impella, or Tandem- Heart, respectively, theoretically maximizes appropriate hemodynamic support and minimizes complications. Further studies are warranted.
In heavily calcified lesions, rotational atherectomy (RA) improves procedural success and facilitates stent deployment. Reports on RA in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era are limited. The objective of ...this study was to determine the presenting characteristics, procedural and in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients who underwent RA at our institution in the DES era.
Consecutive cases involving RA between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009 at a private, tertiary referral hospital were reviewed retrospectively.
A total of 158 patients (236 lesions) who underwent RA are described, including 112 patients (158 lesions) with subsequent DES implantation, 19 patients (28 lesions) with bare-metal stent (BMS) implantation, and 27 patients (50 lesions) with no stent. RA was utilized to modify heavily calcified plaque (84%), as bail-out therapy (16%), to preserve the patency of sidebranches (25%) and as debulking therapy for chronic total occlusion (13 lesions) and in-stent restenosis (7 lesions). DES were not placed in 46 patients (23%) due to reference vessel diameter < 2.25 or > 3.75 mm, inability to deliver DES, or desire to avert clopidogrel therapy. Angiographic and procedural success rates were significantly higher in the DES and BMS groups compared with the no stent group (angiographic success: 99.1% for DES versus 95% for BMS versus 63% for no stent; p < 0.05; procedural success: 96.4% for DES versus 95% for BMS versus 63% for no stent; p < 0.05).
In the DES era, RA remains utilized primarily to modify heavily calcified plaque. In unadjusted analysis, procedural success appears high with subsequent stent placement (DES or BMS) versus RA alone. However, 1 in 4 are not candidates for stent placement, and the lower procedural success rate in this population should be considered prior to embarking on RA.
Purpose:
To evaluate the incidence of clinically evident hemolysis associated with orbital atherectomy used to treat severe peripheral artery disease.
Methods:
The observational CLEAR study enrolled ...31 subjects (16 men; mean age 71±10 years, range 44–92) with claudication (58.1%) or critical limb ischemia (38.7%) who underwent orbital atherectomy with the Diamondback 360 system at 4 US centers. The 42 lesions in 31 limbs were located in the superficial femoral (n = 19, 45.2%), popliteal (n=8, 19.0%), and tibial arteries (n = 15, 35.8%). The majority of lesions (34, 81.0%) were de novo; moderate or severe calcification was identified in 90.5% of cases. Lesion and procedural parameters were analyzed at a core laboratory. Blood samples were collected during and post procedure and analyzed for markers of hemolysis. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of clinically significant hemolysis. The secondary endpoints included the occurrence of any clinical symptoms/signs potentially related to hemolysis. Statistical analysis was performed to identify predictors for hemolysis.
Results:
Laboratory evidence of hemolysis was seen in 11 (35.5%) subjects. No one met the clinical event criteria, and so the primary endpoint of the study was not reached. The secondary endpoints were hypertensive crisis (1, 3.2%) and transient hemoglobinuria (3, 9.7%). Lower glomerular filtration rates, calcified plaque, long atherectomy runs, and solid crown selection were independent predictors of hemolysis.
Conclusion:
There was no clinically significant hemolysis after orbital atherectomy. The results of this study will enable users to predict conditions that predispose to high levels of red cell hemolysis following orbital atherectomy and to take appropriate measures to limit its occurrence.
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