The conversion of photon energy into other energetic forms in molecules is accompanied by charge moving on ultrafast timescales. We directly observe the charge motion at a specific site in an ...electronically excited molecule using time-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TR-XPS). We extend the concept of static chemical shift from conventional XPS by the excited-state chemical shift (ESCS), which is connected to the charge in the framework of a potential model. This allows us to invert TR-XPS spectra to the dynamic charge at a specific atom. We demonstrate the power of TR-XPS by using sulphur 2p-core-electron-emission probing to study the UV-excited dynamics of 2-thiouracil. The method allows us to discover that a major part of the population relaxes to the molecular ground state within 220-250 fs. In addition, a 250-fs oscillation, visible in the kinetic energy of the TR-XPS, reveals a coherent exchange of population among electronic states.
► The cyclic deformation response of AISI 316L at 20°C is exhaustively studied. ► Internal stresses and microstructural evolution are comprehensively characterised. ► The relations of internal ...stresses to microstructural development are established. ► Physically-based evolutionary constitutive model is successfully developed. ► The model accurately describes the cyclic elasto-plastic deformation behaviour.
Deformation (e.g. cyclic hardening, softening and saturation) response and the corresponding microstructural evolution of AISI 316L during cyclic loading at room temperature are exhaustively studied. In particular, the physical interpretation and the role of internal stresses are thoroughly evaluated in order to better comprehend the relationship between microstructural evolution and cyclic deformation response. The understanding obtained provides a basis for the development of a physically-based evolutionary constitutive model which aims to accurately represent the complex cyclic deformation response of the material. The developed constitutive model represents the change in microstructural condition and its relationship with internal stress variables. The model parameters are identified by a systematic evaluation of mechanical and microstructural observations from a number of experimental tests. The proposed model is shown to effectively represent the complex cyclic elasto-plastic deformation behaviour of the material for a range of strain amplitudes.
Summary
The influence of ultrasound power (1000–3000 W/L), citric acid concentration (0–3%) and solid:liquid ratio (1:5–1:15) on the phenolic compounds recovery and antioxidant capacity of Syrah ...grape skin extracts were evaluated. Total phenolic compounds varied from 6485 to 11732 mg gallic acid/100 g and monomeric anthocyanin content from 453 to 685 mg malvidin‐3‐glucoside/100 g. The antioxidant capacity measured by ORAC and ABTS methods ranged from 230 to 516 μmol Trolox/g and from 442 to 939 μmol Trolox/g, respectively. The most suitable conditions chosen for extraction, within the studied ranges, were 3000 W/L of power, 2.5% citric acid and solid:liquid ratio of 1:15. The extraction yield was satisfactory, with a recovery of 59% of the quantified phenolic compounds, with only 3 min of processing. Ultrasound was considered a suitable method as compared to the conventional extraction, improving the extraction of phenolic acids and facilitating their release.
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction resulted in an extract rich in phenolic compounds, mainly malvidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, quercetin, rutin, epicatechin and catechin.
Abstract Purpose There are few clinical studies focusing on the lip cancer treatment outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological variables profile of a large sample of lip ...squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients treated in a head and neck cancer reference center for the last 25 years, and to analyze the influence of these variables on the treatment outcomes. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the clinical records of LSCC patients. The epidemiological data were age, gender, ethnicity, type of occupation, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbid conditions and family cancer history. Clinicopathological features included the lip location of the tumor, TNM classification, clinical staging, histopathological grade, surgical margin analysis and treatment modality. Local recurrence, second primary tumor and survival were the outcome variables. Statistics was performed by Chi-square, Fisher exact test and Binary Logistic Regression. Survival analysis was assessed through the Kaplan and Meier curve. Level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05 for all tests. Results A total of 144 LSCC patients were studied. There were 117 men (81.25%) and 27 women (18.75%), with mean age of 60.21 years. One hundred thirty-four patients (93.05%) were considered of white ethnicity and in 57 cases (39.58%) the patients presented an occupation that was related to chronic solar exposure. Most cancers had initial clinical staging of I/II (84.02%). Microscopically, lesions were predominantly well- (43.05%) and moderately- (40.96%) differentiated tumors. The clinical staging was related to a specific higher survival rate (p=0.0049). One hundred twelve cases (77.78%) were submitted to surgical treatment and only six patients (4.80%) had local recurrence, which was directly associated with compromised surgical margins (p=0.0320). Conclusion A high success rate in LSCC treatment was observed in this study. Compromised surgical margin was associated to tumor recurrence and is a critical event in lip cancer treatment.
Abstract Seasonal floodplains in the Amazon basin are important sources of methane (CH 4 ), while upland forests are known for their sink capacity. Climate change effects, including shifts in ...rainfall patterns and rising temperatures, may alter the functionality of soil microbial communities, leading to uncertain changes in CH 4 cycling dynamics. To investigate the microbial feedback under climate change scenarios, we performed a microcosm experiment using soils from two floodplains (i.e., Amazonas and Tapajós rivers) and one upland forest. We employed a two-factorial experimental design comprising flooding (with non-flooded control) and temperature (at 27 °C and 30 °C, representing a 3 °C increase) as variables. We assessed prokaryotic community dynamics over 30 days using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR. These data were integrated with chemical properties, CH 4 fluxes, and isotopic values and signatures. In the floodplains, temperature changes did not significantly affect the overall microbial composition and CH 4 fluxes. CH 4 emissions and uptake in response to flooding and non-flooding conditions, respectively, were observed in the floodplain soils. By contrast, in the upland forest, the higher temperature caused a sink-to-source shift under flooding conditions and reduced CH 4 sink capability under dry conditions. The upland soil microbial communities also changed in response to increased temperature, with a higher percentage of specialist microbes observed. Floodplains showed higher total and relative abundances of methanogenic and methanotrophic microbes compared to forest soils. Isotopic data from some flooded samples from the Amazonas river floodplain indicated CH 4 oxidation metabolism. This floodplain also showed a high relative abundance of aerobic and anaerobic CH 4 oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea. Taken together, our data indicate that CH 4 cycle dynamics and microbial communities in Amazonian floodplain and upland forest soils may respond differently to climate change effects. We also highlight the potential role of CH 4 oxidation pathways in mitigating CH 4 emissions in Amazonian floodplains.
Forty crossbred (Santa Ines × Dorper) male lambs were used to investigate the effect of dietary buriti oil (BOIL) intake on meat quality, fatty acid (FA) composition and sensory attributes. A ...completely randomized design with five BOIL intake levels (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 g/kg DM) was used. Increasing dietary BOIL intake linearly reduced the DMI, slaughter weight, cooking loss, shear force, yellowness, 16:0, c9–18:1 FA concentrations, and the delta-9-desaturase activity index computed using c9–16:1 and 16:0 as product and substrate pair, cis-MUFA and ƩMUFA/ƩSFA ratio of lamb meat (P ≤ 0.05); however, increasing dietary BOIL intake quadratically increased the energy intake, lipid content and linearly increased the total FA intake, chroma, collagen, total BI, 18:0, 20:3n–6 concentration and sensory attributes of lamb meat (P ≤ 0.05), without affecting health indexes regarding fat consumption. BOIL addition at levels above 24 g/kg DM in lamb diet reduces growth, however, improves tenderness, flavor and “goat” aroma intensity and slightly changes meat FA levels, promoting better acceptance by panelists.
•Feeding Buriti oil to lambs increased the 18:0 and decreased the 16:0 of meat.•Feeding Buriti oil to lambs decreased the yellowness, shear force and goaty aroma of meat.•Feeding Buriti oil to lambs decreased the “goaty” flavor.•Lambs fed with BOIL had better “goaty” flavor and aroma intensity in meat.
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