Weight Training and Risk of 10 Common Types of Cancer Mazzilli, Kaitlyn M; Matthews, Charles E; Salerno, Elizabeth A ...
Medicine and science in sports and exercise,
2019-September, Letnik:
51, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Ample data support that leisure time aerobic moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with lower risk of at least seven types of cancer. However, the link between ...muscle-strengthening activities and cancer etiology is not well understood. Our objective was to determine the association of weight lifting with incidence of 10 common cancer types.
We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for association of weight lifting with incidence of 10 cancer types in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study follow-up. Weight lifting was modeled continuously and categorically. Dose-response relationships were evaluated using cubic restricted spline models. We explored whether associations varied by subgroups defined by sex, age, and body mass index using the Wald test for homogeneity. We examined joint categories of MVPA and weight lifting in relation to cancer risk for significant associations.
After adjusting for all covariates including MVPA, we observed a statistically significant lower risk of colon cancer (Ptrend = 0.003) in individuals who weight lifted; the HR and 95% CI associated with low and high weight lifting as compared with no weight lifting were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66-0.87) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.61-0.98), respectively. The weight lifting-colon cancer relationship differed between men and women (any weight lifting vs no weight lifting: HRmen = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98; HRwomen = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.93-1.08; Pinteraction = 0.008). A lower risk of kidney cancer among weight lifters was observed but became nonsignificant after adjusting for MVPA (Ptrend = 0.06), resulting in an HR of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.78-1.12) for low weight lifting and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.59-1.11) for high weight lifting.
Participants who engaged in weight lifting had a significantly lower risk of colon cancer and a trend toward a lower risk of kidney cancer than participants who did not weight lift.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but its incidence can only be partially explained through established risk factors. Our aim was to use metabolomics to identify novel risk factors ...for breast cancer and to validate recently reported metabolite-breast cancer findings. We measured levels of 1275 metabolites in prediagnostic serum in a nested case-control study of 782 postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 782 matched controls. Metabolomics analysis was performed by Metabolon Inc using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and a Q-Exactive high resolution/accurate mass spectrometer. Controls were matched by birth date, date of blood draw, and race/ethnicity. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer at the 90th versus 10th percentile (modeled on a continuous basis) of metabolite levels were estimated using conditional logistic regression, with adjustment for age. Twenty-four metabolites were significantly associated with breast cancer risk at a false discovery rate <0.20. For the nine metabolites positively associated with risk, the ORs ranged from 1.75 (95% CI: 1.29-2.36) to 1.45 (95% CI: 1.13-1.85), and for the 15 metabolites inversely associated with risk, ORs ranged from 0.59 (95% CI: 0.43-0.79) to 0.69 (95% CI: 0.55-0.87). These metabolites largely comprised carnitines, glycerolipids, and sex steroid metabolites. Associations for three sex steroid metabolites validated findings from recent studies and the remainder were novel. These findings contribute to growing data on metabolite-breast cancer associations by confirming prior findings and identifying novel leads for future validation efforts.
Background: In the US in 2021, 76,080 kidney cancers are expected and >80% are renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). Along with excess fat, metabolic dysfunction is implicated in RCC etiology. To identify ...RCC-associated metabolites, we conducted a 1:1 matched case−control study nested within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Methods: We measured 522 serum metabolites in 267 cases/control pairs. Cases were followed for a median 7.1 years from blood draw to diagnosis. Using conditional logistic regression, we computed adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing risk between 90th and 10th percentiles of log metabolite intensity, with the significance threshold at a false discovery rate <0.20. Results: Four metabolites were inversely associated with risk of RCC during follow-up—C38:4 PI, C34:0 PC, C14:0 SM, and C16:1 SM (ORs ranging from 0.33−0.44). Two were positively associated with RCC risk—C3-DC-CH3 carnitine and C5 carnitine (ORs = 2.84 and 2.83, respectively). These results were robust when further adjusted for metabolic risk factors (body mass index (BMI), physical activity, diabetes/hypertension history). Metabolites associated with RCC had weak correlations (|r| < 0.2) with risk factors of BMI, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, and diabetes/hypertension history. In mutually adjusted models, three metabolites (C38:4 PI, C14:0 SM, and C3-DC-CH3 carnitine) were independently associated with RCC risk. Conclusions: Serum concentrations of six metabolites were associated with RCC risk, and three of these had independent associations from the mutually adjusted model. These metabolites may point toward new biological pathways of relevance to this malignancy.
Mazzilli, FM. Increase in the age of Olympic swimmers in modern times. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2208-2215, 2017-Anecdotal data suggest an increase in the age of Olympic swimmers, but scientific ...studies in this regard are scarce, despite the importance for coaches of the confirmation of this increase in different styles. To ascertain the reality of this increase, this study focused on the analysis of the data contained in the reports of the Internal Olympic Games Association, covering different events and styles throughout the history of the Games. Starting with the 1908 Games, a total of 806 swimmers (436 men and 370 women) were included in the study. Of them, 137 men and 135 women had won 2 or more medals. Plots of the age of the swimmer at the time a gold, silver, or bronze medal was granted versus year of competition elicited statistical significant increases in 3 events in men and 9 events in women. Interestingly, significant increases were regularly observed in the styles introduced in the 60s, and a kind of V-shaped distribution was observed in some of the long established competitions, namely in the 100, 400 and 1,500 m freestyle in men, where the point of inflexion seems to occur around 1960. Overall, there is a continuing increase in the age of swimmers of ages over 24 years mirrored by a decrease of those younger than 20 years, and this is accompanied by the increased presence of swimmers that have won medals in 2 or 3 different Games.
Connection between mastitis and fertility is multifaceted; therefore, several aspects need more elucidation. In particular, the aim was to investigate if naturally occurring chronic mastitis has an ...effect on ovarian function. At the time of slaughter, a milk sample and both ovaries were collected from 68 cows. The presence and intensity of chronic mastitis was diagnosed by the combined evaluation of bacteriological examination and somatic cell count of the milk of each individual quarter according to the measures of the National Mastitis Council. Animals were divided into 4 groups characterized by a low (n=15), mild (n=14), intense (n=19), or severe (n=16) degree of infection. A count of visible follicles on each ovary was followed by a quantitative analysis of microscopic traits on a selected group of animals (n=16). The latter included the classification and count of the entire preantral follicle population, and the morphometric analysis of the vascular bed extension and connective stroma in the cortical region. Finally, the expression of growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) was studied. The number of follicles with diameters ranging from 1 to 3mm and 4 to 7mm was not affected by the degree of infection. A significant effect of the degree of udder infection was observed on the number of follicles with a diameter larger than 8mm. Furthermore, the intensity of mastitis had no effect on the number of primordial and primary follicles, but severely affected cows showed a lower number of secondary follicles (0.5±0.1 vs. 0.2±0.03). Quantitative analysis demonstrated a decrease in the density of blood vessels (6.30±1.08 vs. 4.68±0.28) expressed as ratio of vascular bed/total area) and a higher incidence of fibrous stroma (1.60±0.99 vs. 6.04±3.08 expressed as ratio of connective tissue/total area) in the cortical area of the most affected animals. Finally, the level of GDF-9 protein within the oocytes of different follicle size was lower in the animals with the severe form of chronic mastitis (1.34±0.05 vs. 0.78±0.21 expressed as arbitrary units). In conclusion, decreased fertility of cows with chronic mastitis takes place through an effect on the ovary altering the dynamics of folliculogenesis. Within the ovary, this implies a reduction of the vascular bed and an increase in the fibrotic tissue together with a direct effect on oocyte-specific factors as GDF-9, all of which are essential regulatory elements of folliculogenesis.
Flow cytometry may be a useful tool to analyze lymphoma samples that are obtained from fine needle aspirations (FNA). This study aimed to determine if flow cytometric analysis add more objective and ...standardized information on the cellularity and morphology of lymphoma cells to conventional cytology. The typical immunophenotype of different lymphoma subtypes was assessed and leukocyte marker expression was evaluated to determine which antigens were more frequently over- or under-expressed in these lymphoma subtypes. Fifty FNA lymph node samples were evaluated from canine lymphomas. Thirty-one samples were identified to be of B-cell origin, sixteen were identified to be of T/NK-cell origin and three cases were classified as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with lymph nodes involvement. The most common B-cell lymphoma subtypes were centroblastic lymphomas, whereas three cases were atypical and classified as B-large cell pleomorphic lymphomas. Among the T/NK lymphomas, small clear cells, large and small pleomorphic mixed cells, large granular lymphocytic cells and small pleomorphic cells were identified. Aberrant phenotypes and/or antigen under/over regulation was identified in thirty out of forty-seven lymphoma cases (64%; 18/31 B-cell
=
58% and 12/16 T-cell
=
75%). In B-cell lymphomas the most frequent finding was the diminished expression of CD79a (45%). CD34 expression was also observed in four cases (13%). Among T-cell lymphomas the prevalent unusual phenotype was the under-expression or absence of CD45 (25%). These findings reveal flow cytometry may be useful in confirming the diagnosis of lymphoma, as the technique allows one to add useful information about morphology of the neoplastic cells and identify antigenic markers and aberrant phenotypes.
Metabolomics has proven useful for detecting objective biomarkers of diet that may help to improve dietary measurement. Studies to date, however, have focused on a relatively narrow set of lipid ...classes.
The aim of this study was to uncover candidate dietary biomarkers by identifying serum metabolites correlated with self-reported diet, particularly metabolites in underinvestigated lipid classes, e.g. triglycerides and plasmalogens.
We assessed dietary questionnaire data and serum metabolite correlations from 491 male and female participants aged 55–75 y in an exploratory cross-sectional study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). Self-reported intake was categorized into 50 foods, food groups, beverages, and supplements. We examined 522 identified metabolites using 2 metabolomics platforms (Broad Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital). Correlations were identified using partial Pearson's correlations adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, study site, and total energy intake Bonferroni-corrected level of 0.05/(50 × 522) = 1.9 × 10-6. We assessed prediction of dietary intake by multiple-metabolite linear models with the use of 10-fold crossvalidation least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression.
Eighteen foods, beverages, and supplements were correlated with ≥1 serum metabolite at the Bonferronicorrected significance threshold, for a total of 102 correlations. Of these, only 5 have been reported previously, to our knowledge. Our strongest correlations were between citrus and proline betaine (r = 0.55), supplements and pantothenic acid (r = 0.46), and fish and C40:9 phosphatidylcholine (PC) (r = 0.35). The multivariate analysis similarly found reasonably large correlations between metabolite profiles and citrus (r = 0.59), supplements (r = 0.57), and fish (r = 0.44).
Our study of PLCO participants identified many novel food-metabolite associations and replicated 5 previous associations. These candidate biomarkers of diet may help to complement measures of self-reported diet in nutritional epidemiology studies, though further validation work is still needed.
The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions forced many schools to shift to remote or hybrid learning, disrupting surveillance systems such as the New Jersey Youth Tobacco Survey, traditionally administered ...in schools by paper and pencil. In spring 2021, we conducted a feasibility study among a convenience sample of six public high schools to assess the use of an online survey to allow for remote participation. In each school, 4 to 6 classes were selected randomly, and all students within a sampled class were selected to participate in the survey. A total of 702 students completed surveys. School contacts were asked to provide qualitative feedback about the survey administration. Feedback was generally positive, with a few suggestions for improvement. Approximately 19% of students reported the ever use of e-cigarettes. Among current e-cigarette users, there was a shift in popularity from prefilled or refillable pods or cartridges (23.3%) to disposable e-cigarettes (53.5%). Less than 10% of current e-cigarette users reported using tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes, despite a statewide flavor ban on all other flavors.
Abstract
Consortium-based research is crucial for producing reliable, high-quality findings, but existing tools for consortium studies have important drawbacks with respect to data protection, ease ...of deployment, and analytical rigor. To address these concerns, we developed COnsortium of METabolomics Studies (COMETS) Analytics to support and streamline consortium-based analyses of metabolomics and other -omics data. The application requires no specialized expertise and can be run locally to guarantee data protection or through a Web-based server for convenience and speed. Unlike other Web-based tools, COMETS Analytics enables standardized analyses to be run across all cohorts, using an algorithmic, reproducible approach to diagnose, document, and fix model issues. This eliminates the time-consuming and potentially error-prone step of manually customizing models by cohort, helping to accelerate consortium-based projects and enhancing analytical reproducibility. We demonstrated that the application scales well by performing 2 data analyses in 45 cohort studies that together comprised measurements of 4,647 metabolites in up to 134,742 participants. COMETS Analytics performed well in this test, as judged by the minimal errors that analysts had in preparing data inputs and the successful execution of all models attempted. As metabolomics gathers momentum among biomedical and epidemiologic researchers, COMETS Analytics may be a useful tool for facilitating large-scale consortium-based research.
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