A frequent complication of venous access devices (VADs) is axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis. To study this problem we have compared blood drawn through VADs with peripheral blood samples in a ...group of oncology patients with venographically demonstrated venous damage (N = 14) and a group with normal venograms (N = 21). The samples were assayed for a battery of proteins believed to be involved in thrombogenesis. After approximately six weeks of catheterization the venographically abnormal patients had significantly less thrombomodulin (P = 0.0055) and significantly higher PAI:tPA (P = 0.022) in catheter-drawn samples as compared with the venographically normal group. Although the data are inconclusive, it is hypothesized that these changes resulted from local endothelial injury.
Visualization transforms numeric data into a visual form that enables users to conceptualize and understand the information. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is the ability to display, analyze, ...manipulate and interact with 3D data in 3 space. New visualization tools, 3D in nature, are being designed to display meteorological datasets for use in operational forecasting.Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) has been supporting the development of 3D visualization software and applications since 1990. Until recently, the emphasis has been on research application. Using commercial visualization software called the Application Visualization System (AVS5), both analysis and forecast 3D data were displayed and investigated. The software was used for visual analysis and scanning of data for the presence of desired features. For example, plotting of the station observations with forecast-generated data allows visual comparison of the two. Figure 1 shows 3D images of weather parameters from the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) analysis output, which is created automatically on an hourly basis for the World Wide Web.Operational meteorologists who issue forecasts and warnings for the nation from the various Weather Forecast Offices (WFOs; see
http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrhq/nwspage.html
for a display of WFOs across the nation) currently utilize two-dimensional displays of analyses and numerical model output, combined with images from satellites and radar. They do this on a system developed at FSL call the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS). Visualization has been used successfully in the research context for some time. The next logical step was to determine if 3D visualization can offer added value in an operational setting. This required developing a 3D visualization workstation application, conducting a forecast exercise using the system and evaluating feedback from the exercise. An experimental workstation application, Display 3D (D3D), was developed at FSL to investigate the complexities and 3D structure of atmospheric parameters, and potential value added of 3D displays in an operational forecast setting. The D3D system was designed to be used with the two-dimensional AWIPS operational system known as D2D.The scope of this article covers the development of the D3D application, plus a brief description of the D3D real-time exercise (RT98).
...a signal must be heard by a competitor for there to be any potential competitive harm, whether communicated privately (e.g., by telephone or email) or publicly (e.g., investor presentations). ......even among invitations to collude-seemingly the category of signaling conduct most likely to give rise to anticompetitive harm- such communications can also involve legitimate business communications to customers or investors, even if they might also be suspected signals to competitors. ...the entire range of signaling conduct can be analyzed together, even though there may be qualitative differences between a bare invitation to raise prices and an analyst discussion on forward-looking production plans.
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