Tracheostomies may be inserted to assist weaning from ventilation or to aid airway management.1 Complications occur in up to 40% of patients, with tube displacement, tube obstruction, pneumothorax ...and haemorrhage most common.1–3 Prevention and management of tracheostomy emergencies requires multidisciplinary teamwork, a standardised approach, education, equipment, patient and carer involvement, and effective clinical governance.1,3,4 The use of clinical decision supports such as cognitive aids also improves performance, supports education, and guides quality improvement.1,5 The British National Tracheostomy Safety Project has developed extensive resources including emergency algorithms and bedhead signs.6 We report on the development of an emergency tracheostomy management (ETM) cognitive aid at our institution (Figure 1). The aid is not intended to be used in laryngectomy emergencies.
Charged particle radiotherapy is currently used in an increasing number of centres worldwide. While protons are the most widely used ion species, carbon ions have shown many advantages for the ...treatment of radioresistant tumours, thanks to their higher Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE). The complexity and the high cost of conventional carbon therapy facilities has stimulated the investigation of alternative acceleration approaches such as the processes based on high-power laser interaction with solid targets. Recent developments in ion acceleration have allowed to investigate for the first time the biological effects of carbon ions at ultra-high dose-rate (109-1010 Gy/s) using the GEMINI laser system at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). Carbon ions were accelerated from ultrathin (10-20 nm) carbon foils and energy selected by a magnet allowing to irradiate the cells with an average carbon energy of 10 MeV/u ± 8%. A dosimetry approach specifically designed for these low-energy ions was employed, which was based on the use of unlaminated EBT3 Radiochromic films. The details of the dosimetry arrangement as well as the Geant4 simulation performed to predict the energy and the dose distribution at the cell plane will be reported.
Purpose - This exploratory study aims to examine the effects of leadership on organizational climate, employee psychological capital, commitment, and wellbeing in a religious church-based non-profit ...organization.Design methodology approach - Leadership effects are investigated using established scales including the transformational leadership scale, (TLS), organizational climate questionnaire (OCQ), positive and negative affect scale (PANAS), psychological capital (PsyCap), and organizational commitment. It is a context-based study that considers a unique organizational culture that comprises social, political, economic, technological, personnel, and personal facets. The survey was administered across a large religious church-based non-profit organization.Findings - The findings show strong positive relationships between employee ratings of their immediate supervisor's transformational leadership and employee ratings of organizational climate, wellbeing, employee commitment and psychological capital. Additional analyses which explored the impact of demographic variables revealed older employees recorded significantly higher scores on psychological capital than younger employees. These findings inform organizational sustainability where the principles of socially responsible management practices form the heart of responsible stewardship.Research limitations implications - Risks of method variance or response biases are likely as all data are drawn from employee surveys, and some selection bias as respondents could not be directly compared with non-respondents.Originality value - This study makes a significant contribution to the non-profit literature by providing further evidence of the impact of leadership on organizational climate, with the added dimensions of psychological capital, employee wellbeing, and commitment adding to the knowledge of these relationships.
Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all ...genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the proteins they encode, as well as all other biologically important sequences. Furthermore, the sequence is a rich and permanent source of information for the design of further biological studies of the organism and for the study of evolution through cross-species sequence comparison. The power of this approach has been amply demonstrated by the determination of the sequences of a number of microbial and model organisms. The next step is to obtain the complete sequence of the entire human genome. Here we report the sequence of the euchromatic part of human chromosome 22. The sequence obtained consists of 12 contiguous segments spanning 33.4 megabases, contains at least 545 genes and 134 pseudogenes, and provides the first view of the complex chromosomal landscapes that will be found in the rest of the genome.
Septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into hetero-oligomers. They can interact with each other end-to-end to form filaments, making them the fourth element of the cytoskeleton. To update the ...current knowledge on the ever-increasing implications of these fascinating proteins in cellular functions, a hundred expert scientists from across the globe gathered from 12 to 15 October 2021 in Berlin for the first hybrid-format (on site and virtual) EMBO workshop Molecular and Cell Biology of Septins.
Septins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that form hetero-oligomeric complexes, which assemble into filaments and higher-order structures at sites of cell division and morphogenesis in ...eukaryotes. Dynamic changes in the organization of septin-containing structures occur concomitantly with progression through the mitotic cell cycle and during cell differentiation. Septins also undergo stage-specific post-translational modifications, which have been implicated in regulating their dynamics, in some cases via purported effects on septin turnover. In our recent study, the fate of two of the five septins expressed in mitotic cells of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was tracked using two complementary fluorescence-based methods for pulse-chase analysis. During mitotic growth, previously-made molecules of both septins (Cdc10 and Cdc12) persisted through multiple successive divisions and were incorporated equivalently with newly synthesized molecules into hetero-oligomers and higher-order structures. Similarly, in cells undergoing meiosis and the developmental program of sporulation, pre-existing copies of Cdc10 were incorporated into new structures. In marked contrast, Cdc12 was irreversibly excluded from septin complexes and replaced by another septin, Spr3. Here, we discuss the broader implications of these results and related findings with regard to how septin dynamics is coordinated with the mitotic cell cycle and in the yeast life cycle, and how these observations may relate to control of the dynamics of other complex multi-subunit assemblies.
The highly conserved family of septin proteins has important functions in cytokinesis in mitotically proliferating cells. A different form of cytokinesis occurs during gametogenesis in Saccharomyces ...cerevisiae, in which four haploid meiotic products become encased by prospore membrane (PSMs) and specialized, stress-resistant spore walls. Septins are known to localize in a series of structures near the growing PSM, but previous studies noted only mild sporulation defects upon septin mutation. We report that directed PSM extension fails in many septin-mutant cells, and, for those that do succeed, walls are abnormal, leading to increased susceptibility to heating, freezing, and digestion by the Drosophila gut. Septin mutants mislocalize the leading-edge protein (LEP) complex required for normal PSM and wall biogenesis, and ectopic expression of the LEP protein Ssp1 perturbs mitotic septin localization and function, suggesting a functional interaction. Strikingly, extra copies of septin CDC10 rescue sporulation and LEP localization in cells lacking Sma1, a phospholipase D-associated protein dispensable for initiation of PSM assembly and PSM curvature but required for PSM extension. These findings point to key septin functions in directing efficient membrane and cell wall synthesis during budding yeast gametogenesis.
How nonspore haploid Saccharomyces cells choose sites of budding and polarize towards pheromone signals in order to mate has been a subject of intense study. Unlike nonspore haploids, sibling spores ...produced via meiosis and sporulation by a diploid cell are physically interconnected and encased in a sac derived from the old cell wall of the diploid, called the ascus. Nonspore haploids bud adjacent to previous sites of budding, relying on stable cortical landmarks laid down during prior divisions, but because spore membranes are made de novo, it was assumed that, as is known for fission yeast, Saccharomyces spores break symmetry and polarize at random locations. Here, we show that this assumption is incorrect: Saccharomyces cerevisiae spores are born prepolarized to outgrow, prior to budding or mating, away from interspore bridges. Consequently, when spores bud within an intact ascus, their buds locally penetrate the ascus wall, and when they mate, the resulting zygotes adopt a unique morphology reflective of repolarization towards pheromone. Long‐lived cortical foci containing the septin Cdc10 mark polarity sites, but the canonical bud site selection programme is dispensable for spore polarity, thus the origin and molecular composition of these landmarks remain unknown. These findings demand further investigation of previously overlooked mechanisms of polarity establishment and local cell wall digestion and highlight how a key step in the Saccharomyces life cycle has been historically neglected.
When budding yeast spores germinate, they outgrow away from each other, following cortical foci of the septin protein Cdc10. If spores then bud, and old cell wall of the mother diploid cell still surrounds them, the buds locally penetrate that wall. If spores instead mate with each other, their outward prepolarization leads to a unique zygote morphology. Prepolarization does not require Rsr1, a key component of the canonical bud site selection pathway in nonspore cells.
PDF
