The adaptation of people with ostomies may be associated with and affected by sociodemographic and clinical factors. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the ...sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and the adaptation of people with an intestinal stoma.
An analytical study, carried out through an interview with 200 patients with ostomy for five months. For that, it was applied to scale for the level of adaptation of ostomy patients to measure the physiological domains, self-concept, role function and interdependence and a questionnaire was used in which sociodemographic and clinical information. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed to test the study hypothesis.
The study pointed out statistically significant associations with male sex, age group below 60, low education level, Stoma time less than one year, below one minimum wage, temporary permanence criteria and presence of complications relation to low scores of adaptation.
The association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with the measured adaptive modes provides important information for the planning of nursing care and other care providers, since it directs actions to the aspects that give greater adaptive difficulty to people with stomas and which are the focus of care nursing to this clientele.
Aquatic ecosystems worldwide have been substantially altered by human activities, which often induce changes in multiple factors that can interact to produce complex effects. Here, we evaluated the ...combined effects of dissolved nutrients (nitrogen N and phosphorus P; three levels: concentration found in oligotrophic streams in the Cerrado biome, 10× and 100× enriched) and oxygen (O₂; three levels: hypoxic 4% O₂, depleted 55% O₂, and saturated 96% O₂) on plant litter decomposition and associated fungal decomposers in laboratory microcosms simulating stream conditions under distinct scenarios of water quality deterioration. Senescent leaves of Maprounea guianensis were incubated for 10 days in an oligotrophic Cerrado stream to allow microbial colonization and subsequently incubated in microcosms for 21 days. Leaves lost 1.1–3.0% of their initial mass after 21 days, and this was not affected either by nutrients or oxygen levels. When considering simultaneous changes in nutrients and oxygen concentrations, simulating increased human pressure, fungal biomass accumulation, and sporulation rates were generally inhibited. Aquatic hyphomycete community structure was also affected by changes in nutrients and oxygen availability, with stronger effects found in hypoxic treatments than in depleted or saturated oxygen treatments. This study showed that the effects of simultaneous changes in the availability of dissolved nutrients and oxygen in aquatic environments can influence the activity and composition of fungal communities, although these effects were not translated into changes in litter decomposition rates.
The brown seaweed Spatoglossum schröederi synthesizes three bioactive fucoidans, the most abundant of which is fucan A. This fucoidan was extracted and its identity was confirmed by chemical ...analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and agarose gel electrophoresis. Thereafter, silver nanoparticles containing fucan A (AgFuc) were produced using an environmentally friendly synthesis method. AgFuc synthesis was analyzed via UV–vis spectroscopy and FTIR, which confirmed the presence of both silver and fucan A in the AgFuc product. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy revealed that the AgFuc particles were ~180.0 nm in size and spherical in shape. DLS further demonstrated that AgFuc was stable for five months. Coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry showed that the AgFuc particles contained 5% silver and 95% sugar. AgFuc was shown to be more effective in inhibiting the ability of parasites to reduce MTT than fucan A or silver, regardless of treatment time. In addition, AgFuc induced the death of ~60% of parasites by necrosis and ~17% by apoptosis. Therefore, AgFuc induces damage to the parasites’ mitochondria, which suggests that it is an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent. This is the first study to analyze silver nanoparticles containing fucan as an anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agent. Our data indicate that AgFuc nanoparticles have potential therapeutic applications, which should be determined via preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies.
Ingoldian fungi are a dominant group in aquatic environments. However, they are poorly known and studied, especially in the tropics. To increase knowledge about their diversity and distribution, ...samples of foam and decaying submerged leaves were collected from 12 areas in Brazil across four biomes (Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado). Slides were deposited in the HUEFS Herbarium. Thirty-five taxa were identified from foam and 24 from leaf spore suspension. These were distributed in five classes, mostly belonging to Ascomycota, with Leotiomycetes being the most representative class. Angulospora aquatica, Biflagellosporella amazonensis, Isthmotricladia laeensis and Lateriramulosa bi-inflata are new records for Brazil; Variocladium rangiferinum and Tricladium fuscum are new records for the Neotropics; and Polylobatispora deltoidea is a new record for the Americas. Description, illustration, and geographical distribution details are provided for the new records. The study showed a high richness of Ingoldian fungi and provides a basis for determining the biodiversity and ultimate conservation of the studied areas.
Recent studies have reported an increase in the number of fetuses and neonates with microcephaly whose mothers were infected with the Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy. To our knowledge, most ...reports to date have focused on select aspects of the maternal or fetal infection and fetal effects.
To describe the prenatal evolution and perinatal outcomes of 11 neonates who had developmental abnormalities and neurological damage associated with ZIKV infection in Brazil.
We observed 11 infants with congenital ZIKV infection from gestation to 6 months in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Ten of 11 women included in this study presented with symptoms of ZIKV infection during the first half of pregnancy, and all 11 had laboratory evidence of the infection in several tissues by serology or polymerase chain reaction. Brain damage was confirmed through intrauterine ultrasonography and was complemented by magnetic resonance imaging. Histopathological analysis was performed on the placenta and brain tissue from infants who died. The ZIKV genome was investigated in several tissues and sequenced for further phylogenetic analysis.
Description of the major lesions caused by ZIKV congenital infection.
Of the 11 infants, 7 (63.6%) were female, and the median (SD) maternal age at delivery was 25 (6) years. Three of 11 neonates died, giving a perinatal mortality rate of 27.3%. The median (SD) cephalic perimeter at birth was 31 (3) cm, a value lower than the limit to consider a microcephaly case. In all patients, neurological impairments were identified, including microcephaly, a reduction in cerebral volume, ventriculomegaly, cerebellar hypoplasia, lissencephaly with hydrocephalus, and fetal akinesia deformation sequence (ie, arthrogryposis). Results of limited testing for other causes of microcephaly, such as genetic disorders and viral and bacterial infections, were negative, and the ZIKV genome was found in both maternal and neonatal tissues (eg, amniotic fluid, cord blood, placenta, and brain). Phylogenetic analyses showed an intrahost virus variation with some polymorphisms in envelope genes associated with different tissues.
Combined findings from clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pathological examinations provided a more complete picture of the severe damage and developmental abnormalities caused by ZIKV infection than has been previously reported. The term congenital Zika syndrome is preferable to refer to these cases, as microcephaly is just one of the clinical signs of this congenital malformation disorder.
This study focused on freshwater hyphomycetes associated with submerged decaying leaves of
Calophyllum brasiliense
in three streams in the semiarid region of Brazil. Leaves were enclosed in litter ...bags and deployed into streams on two occasions (dry and wet seasons). Samples of leaf litter were collected every two months (November 2013 to January 2015). Unlike other studies, we specifically targeted ecologically distinct groups of freshwater hyphomycetes by using two methods to induce fungal sporulation: submerged incubation (SI) of leaf litter on an orbital shaker and incubation in moist chambers (MC). We aimed to analyze and compare the structure of freshwater hyphomycete communities in the streams using both methods, detect possible successional patterns, and evaluate if environmental variables have influenced fungal diversity and sporulation rates. Sixty-nine taxa of freshwater hyphomycetes were observed. Of these, 26 were found under SI and 56 in MC. We observed large differences in fungal communities recovered by SI vs. MC that demonstrates the importance of using several methodological approaches to maximize the number of taxa recovered in ecological studies of litter-associated fungi. The highest sporulation rates under SI were observed during the wet season. Results of community ordination suggested that environmental variables affected the structure of fungal communities; for example, water velocity showed a positive effect on fungal diversity, while higher oxygen availability was associated with lower diversity. This study advances our understanding of the freshwater hyphomycete communities in tropical streams where ecological studies of aquatic fungi are still uncommon.
Objective
The aim of this study is to assess oral manifestations in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis IV (MPS IVA) and mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI).
Materials and methods
Seventeen patients ...were assessed, nine with MPS IVA and eight with MPS VI, treated at the Medical Genetics Outpatient Clinic of Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro (HUAC) in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil. Assessments included clinical and intraoral examinations, analysis of occlusal function, and panoramic X-rays.
Results
Among all, 64.7% of the patients had unerupted teeth and 52.9% of them had enamel hypoplasia. Regarding the temporomandibular joint, 88.2% of the patients showed flattening of the mandibular condyle, 52.9% showed condylar hypoplasia, and all of them showed decreased mobility. Enamel hypoplasia was observed only in patients with MPS IVA (
p
< 0.05). On the other hand, only MPS VI patients presented with anterior open bite, restricted mouth opening (
p
< 0.05), and a higher rate of unerupted teeth, hyperplastic tooth follicle, and condylar defects (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusions
Enamel hypoplasia was observed only in patients with MPS IVA, whereas anterior open bite was observed only in patients with MPS VI. Abnormal findings in the maxillomandibular complex were more frequent in patients with MPS VI.
Clinical relevance
The relevant frequency of MPS VI and IVA in the sample allows us to compare the changes occurring in both groups of patients, therefore enabling us to further comprehend the oral manifestations in specific types of MPS.
Litter breakdown is an important ecological process at the bottom of food webs in streams. Previous studies have been based only on a temporal interval of a single season, thus ignoring seasonal ...variation in litter input and community structure. We investigated organic matter input in a Brazilian savanna stream and the influence of its associated hyphomycetes on the invertebrate community. Organic matter input was sampled monthly and the leaves submitted to decomposition experiments. There were lower breakdown rates and higher invertebrate species richness and abundance during the dry season, which reached their maximum in July due to low stream discharge. Invertebrate composition was best explained by hyphomycetes (mainly by Flagellospora curvula and Anguillospora filiformis). Hyphomycetes have the capacity to degrade complex compounds of litter and to rapidly absorb nutrients by growing branched filaments, thus making the leaves more favourable for consumption by invertebrates. Shredder abundance was negatively related to litter richness, indicating possible species-specific relationships. We observed a sequential process with increased leaf litter input promoting an increase in hyphomycetes biomass, which in turn favoured invertebrate density.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos profissionais contábeis de Assu
– RN acerca do marketing contábil. A metodologia utilizada foram respectivamente descritiva e ...quantitativa, e com isso, foi adaptado um questionário da pesquisa de Freire (2018), contendo 20 perguntas, dividido em duas partes: a primeira caracterizava os respondentes e a segunda se trata do entendimento dos respondentes acerca do marketing contábil. Quanto ao tratamento dos dados foram expressos em frequência simples e porcentagem por meio do programa Excel versão 2013. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que o marketing contábil contribui para a valorização profissional e que apesar da maioria (70%) dos contadores não terem cursado a disciplina de marketing contábil na graduação e nem fazerem uso constante das ferramentas de marketing, (67%) concordam que o mesmo contribui para valorização do profissional contábil e utiliza ao menos alguma estratégia e ferramenta de marketing no seu dia a dia. A pesquisa também evidenciou a visão dos profissionais da contabilidade quanto à finalidade do uso das estratégias de marketing contábil. Destaca-se também que 50% dos entrevistados concordam totalmente que a imagem pessoal é a ferramenta de marketing mais eficaz, seguido das redes sociais. Dessa forma a pesquisa contribui como instrumento acadêmico e empresarial, a fim de enriquecer ou ajudar na confecção de novos estudos e auxiliar na aplicabilidade das estratégias de marketing nas empresas contábeis.
Introduction of exotic species into riparian vegetation can result in a negative impact on invertebrates and microorganisms and, consequently, on leaf litter decomposition. In Manaus (Brazil), exotic ...fruit plant species are commonly planted in the riparian zones of streams. We assessed the effects on leaf litter decomposition of replacing native vegetation (
Goupia glabra
,
Mabea speciosa
and
Protium spruceanum
) by exotic species (
Artocarpus heterophyllus
,
Carica papaya
,
Mangifera indica
,
Musa paradisiaca
and
Syzygium malaccense
) in Amazonian aquatic environments. We performed one-choice feeding (OCF) and multiple-choice feeding (MCF) experiments to evaluate leaf consumption, survival of shredders (Trichoptera:
Phylloicus elektoros
), fungal sporulation rate, and microbial decomposition. Richness of aquatic hyphomycete spores was similar in all species. Sporulation rate was higher in the exotic plant
S. malaccense
. We recorded shredder death only in the OCF experiment with exotic species with tough leaves. Microbial decomposition was higher in exotic plants
A. heterophyllus
and
M. indica
in the OCF and MCF experiments, respectively. Leaf consumption by shredders was higher in the native plant
M. speciosa
in the OCF experiment and in the exotic plant
C. papaya
in the MCF experiment. We concluded that the effects of introducing exotic plant species into a riparian zone on shredder survival and leaf litter decomposition appear dependent on the characteristics of the leaves introduced and the species present in the riparian forest.
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