Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel analysiert die politische Situation und gegensätzliche politische Strömungen in Bosnien und Herzegowina in den letzten mehr als 30 Jahren mit besonderem Fokus auf dem ...russischen Einfluss der letzten Jahre. Der Beitrag zeigt, welche politischen Strömungen eine euroatlantische Integration befürworten, und welche die Ausweitung des russischen Einflusses.
Autor u radu, pozivajući se na izvornu građu i svjedočenje očevidaca te relevantnu literaturu, govori o zločinima srpskih vojnih i policijskih struktura u Briševu, selu u prijedorskoj općini većinski ...naseljeno Hrvatima. Granatirano u prvim danima „etničkoga čišćenja” Prijedora krajem svibnja992., Briševo je dva mjeseca kasnije napadnuto, dio mještana ubijen, a selo opljačkano i razoreno. Nakon napada njegovi su stanovnici protjerani ili odvedeni u jedan od logora i druga mjesta nezakonitih zatočenja. Ovo je selo postalo paradigmom zločina počinjenih nad Hrvatima u općini Prijedor i cijeloj Bosni i Hercegovini. Sličnu sudbinu kao briševački Hrvati doživjeli su Bošnjaci i Hrvati u drugim mjesnim zajednicama prijedorske općine. Tema je ovoga rada kako je jedno selo kontinuirano nestajalo tijekom proljeća i ljeta 1992. i koje su posljedice toga.
Using primary sources and eyewitness accounts as well as the relevant literature, the author writes about the crimes committed by Serbian military and police structures in Briševo, a village in the Prijedor Municipality with a Croatian majority population. Shelled during the first days of an ‘ethnic cleansing’ operation in late May 1992, Briševo was attacked two months later; a number of the locals were killed, while the village was looted and pillaged. After the attack, the remaining locals were expelled or taken to camps and other places of illegal internment. This village became a paradigm of crimes committed in the Prijedor Municipality and the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A similar fate befell Bosniaks and Croats in other settlements of the Prijedor Municipality. The systematic destruction of this village during the spring and summer of 1992, and the consequences thereof, are the topic of this paper.
The authors of this paper analyze the relationship between the two regions from their unilateral declarations until the second half of 1992. The Serbian Autonomous Region of Krajina (later the ...Republic of Serbian Krajina) in Croatia and the Autonomous Region of Krajina (ARK) in the northwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina were the first, as formal-legal successors of municipal communities, to be unilaterally formed autonomous regions based on ethnic principles in the process of the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Both were proclaimed by unilateral decisions of the republican organizations of the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) both in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina before Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. Immediately after these declarations, politicians from both Krajinas analyzed and publicly presented their views on the future status of the newly formed regions. One of the options was the unification of these two regions into one administrative unit or state, with the most prominent advocates being the leading politicians from both regions. In order to justify the formation of such an administrative unit, reports were published on the necessity of its formation as a separate entity within the “fragmented Yugoslavia” or Greater Serbian state. However, the question arose of how much such unification would diminish the influence of SDS political leaders from Bosnia and Herzegovina and who would actually be the new national leader among the Serbs west of the Drina River? This question, as it turned out, burdened the entire relationship between the political and military leadership in both the Republic of Srpska (RS) and the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK) in various phases of the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Despite disagreements and different positions on the unification of the two Krajinas and the question of their status, political and military cooperation was unquestionable in the first two years of aggression against the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cooperation was particularly intense in the second half of 1992 when the 1st and 2nd Krajina Corps of the Army of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina/Army of the Republic of Srpska, in cooperation with the police structures of the RSK and the Serbian Army of Krajina (SAK), were jointly tasked with implementing the Six Strategic Goals of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina/Republic of Srpska. This cooperation was particularly evident in the “battle for establishing the corridor” between Krajina and Semberija as the Second Strategic Goal, or joint action in Operation “Corridor '92”. In this paper, we will analyze the period from the end of 1990 and the first half of 1991 when the unilateral declarations of the Serbian Autonomous Region of Krajina and the Community of Municipalities of Bosnian Krajina (ZOBK), later ARK, occurred, until September 1992 when the decision was made to cease the existence of autonomous regions in the RS. This is the period when mass atrocities were committed against Bosniak and Croatian civilian populations in the RSK and RS. In the second half of 1991, the Bosnian Krajina was a direct war zone from which units of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) carried out aggressive operations against Croatia, and in 1992, it became a symbol of crimes against civilians in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Areas under Serbian control became “ethnically cleansed”, and Bihać, as a city under continuous military action from the RS and RSK military forces, became one of the symbols of the siege. The question arises as to whether the strategic goals of the RS could have been realized if the two Krajinas had not closely cooperated? This is precisely one of the questions we will answer. In order to answer such and similar questions, an analysis of the role of military and police structures of both regions is necessary, both in crimes and in military operations in the Bihać region.
The author analyzes the impact of war events in Croatia on national relations in the Bosnian Krajina in 1991. The Serbian autonomous region of Krajina (later the Republic of Srpska Krajina) in ...Croatia and the Autonomous Region of Krajina (ARK) in the northwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina were the first to form autonomous areas according to the ethnic principle in the process of the dissolution of Yugoslavia as formal-legal successors of the communities of municipalities. The narrow military and political cooperation, the issue of mobilizing the population of the Bosnian Krajina in the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and the problem of refugees, significantly influenced national relations in this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Da bi zauzele kompletno područje općine Prijedor, srpske vojne i policijske snage napale su dijelove u kojima su Bošnjaci ili Hrvati bili
većinsko stanovništvo. Tako je 24. svibnja 1992. napadnut ...Kozarac i njegova okolica, a ubrzo nakon toga područje Ljubije. Od 24. do 26. svibnja 1992. srpske su vlasti formirale logore Omarska, Keraterm, Trnopolje i nekoliko drugih mjesta zatočenja. Onamo su dovedeni i potom zatočeni Bošnjaci i Hrvati s područja grada i općine Prijedor. Zauzimanje općine završeno je u drugoj polovini srpnja 1992., kada su napadnuta bošnjačka i hrvatska sela na lijevoj obali Sane. Prema do sada
prikupljenim podacima, na području općine Prijedor ubijeno je 3173 Bošnjaka i Hrvata.
U svim spomenutim zločinima žrtve su bila i djeca i maloljetnici, ubijeni isključivo zbog svoje nacionalne ili vjerske pripadnosti. Pored toga bili su žrtve zatočenja, progona i drugih oblika zločina. U radu ćemo se fokusirati na ubojstva 102 djece i maloljetnika pozivajući se na
evidencije o nestalim i ekshumiranim osobama. Datum njihova nestanka evidentiran je na osnovi prijave članova obitelji, što ne mora nužno značiti da su toga dana ubijeni. Pronalazak njihovih posmrtnih ostataka tijekom ekshumacija i činjenica da su ta tijela, ali i ona koja još uvijek nisu ekshumirana, evidentirana u bazi Međunarodne komisije za traženje nestalih (ICMP) dokazi su ubojstava djece i maloljetnika.
In order to take control of the entire Prijedor Municipality, Serbian
military and police forces conducted attacks on areas in which Bosniaks
or Croats were the majority population. Thus, Kozarac and its surroundings were attacked on 24 May 1992, soon followed by the Ljubija area. From 24 to 26 May 1992, the Serbian authorities formed the camps Omarska, Keraterm, and Trnopolje as well as several other places of internment. Captive Bosniaks and Croats from the city and municipality of Prijedor were brought and imprisoned there. The municipality was completely conquered in the second half of July 1992, when the Bosniak and Croat villages on the left bank of the Sana were attacked. According
to data gathered thus far, 3,173 Bosniaks and Croats were killed on the
territory of Prijedor Municipality.
Victims of all the mentioned crimes included children and minors, killed exclusively due to their national or religious affiliation. In addition, many were subjected to imprisonment, expulsion, or other forms
of crime. This paper is focused on the murders of 102 children and minors, based on records of missing and exhumed persons. The dates of their disappearances were recorded based on when their families reported
them, which does not necessarily mean they were killed on those dates. The discovery of their remains during the exhumations and the fact that these bodies, and those that have yet to be exhumed, have been recorded in the database of the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) are proof of the murders of said children and minors.
PDF