Olfaction is a complex physiological process producing effects in the central nervous system (CNS) and implicated in emotional processes. Indeed, the olfactory bulbs (OB) send projections to various ...CNS regions including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and caudate-putamen (CPu). Both the NAcc and CPu receive important dopaminergic input. Emerging evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) is related to anxiety-related behaviors. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the consequences of neonatal olfactory bulbectomy (nOBX) to anxiety-related behavior as assayed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) as well as the expression of dopaminergic receptors (D1-like, D2-like, and D3) in the NAcc and CPu at pre- and post-pubertal ages in the rat. The results show that nOBX increased the number of entries in the open arm of the EPM post-pubertally, suggesting an anxiolytic-related effect. nOBX increased the D2-like binding in the NAcc shell and D3 binding in the NAcc core pre-pubertally. At post-pubertal ages, the D3 binding was reduced at the olfactory tubercle and islands of Calleja in nOBX rats. Alterations in the DA receptor expression may be one mechanism responsible for the observed behavioral modifications in nOBX rats.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder impacting cerebral function. The administration of Streptozotocin (STZ) is a well-known animal model of insulinopenic type 1 DM in rats. STZ-induced DM ...results in a myriad of alteration in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrolysin (CBL) is a neuropeptide preparation that promotes synaptic and neuronal plasticity in various animal models. In all cases, CBL was administered when the model was established. This research aims to investigate the neuroprotective and neurorepair effect of CBL on the cytoarchitecture of neurons and spine density in pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal (PFC) and the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus, as well as spheroidal neurons of the dentate gyrus (DG), in STZ-induced DM. In the first experimental condition, STZ and CBL are administered at the same time to evaluate the potential preventive effect of CBL. In the second experimental condition, CBL was administered two months after establishing the DM model to measure the potential neurorepair effect of CBL. STZ-induced hyperglycemia remained unaltered by the administration of CBL in both experimental conditions. In the first experimental condition, CBL treatment preserved the neuronal morphology in PFC layer 3, PFC layer 5 and the DG of the hippocampus, while also maintaining spine density in the PFC-3, DG and CA1 hippocampus. Furthermore, CBL induced neurorepair in neurons within the PFC-3, PFC-5 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus, along with an increase in spine density in the PFC-3, DG and CA1 hippocampus. These findings suggest that CBL´s effects on neuroplasticity could be observed before or after the damage was evident.
•Streptozotocin (STZ) induces deleterious effects in the brain, specifically in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), and periphery.•Cerebrolysin (CBL) is a neuropeptide preparation that promotes synaptic and neuronal plasticity.•We evaluated two paradigms of CBL treatment in STZ rats: neuroprotection and neurorepair in the PFC and hippocampus.•CBL exhibited neuroprotective effects in the PFC and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.•CBL induced neurorepair in neurons within the PFC and CA1 region of the hippocampus.
•Absolute chronology data for the early stage of Monte Alban.•Archaeomagnetic survey on pottery kilns and fire pits.•Archaeomagnetic age intervals were obtained considering currently available global ...models and local curves.•The dates are consistent with the most important periods of occupation at the site.•The results may indicate that there was also a significant cultural presence in the Early Classic Period.
Aimed to obtain absolute chronology data for the early stage of Monte Alban, magnetic mineralogy and archaeomagnetic investigation were carried out of recently discovered pottery kilns. Oriented samples belong to four rectangular kilns, both single and double chambers, and one fire pit at the piedmont peripherical area. Susceptibility vs. temperature curves show market thermal instability while large pseudo-single domain grains seem to carry the major part of remanence for the kiln sample. Fire pit samples, in contrast, seem to be dominated by antiferromagnetic hematite. Alternating field demagnetization allowed to reach primary, characteristic magnetization components with reasonably well-defined mean archaeodirections. Possible archaeomagnetic age intervals were obtained considering currently available global models and local curves. The dates are consistent with the most important periods of occupation at the site, although the results may indicate that there was also a significant cultural presence in the Early Classic Period. Recently discovered kilns indicate constant manufacture of pottery. Although we cannot currently define the intensity of production, we believe that pottery could be a specialized activity in peripherical areas of Monte Alban to exchange ceramics or for its local consumption. Consequently, we propose that the piedmont area was an economically autonomous community whose inhabitants dedicated themselves to various tasks throughout their occupation.
Aging is one of the most prominent features in recent population dynamics around the world. As populations age, the prevalence of simultaneous chronic diseases increases, which is known as ...multimorbidity.
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity and associated factors in a sample of elderly Mexican subjects.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on a convenience sample of 139 subjects aged ≥60 years. The dependent variable was the multimorbidity diagnosis performed by a physician, which was categorized as 0 for subjects with no chronic disease or only 1 disease and 1 for subjects with 2 or more chronic diseases. Questionnaires were used to collect the information on the different variables. A statistical analysis was performed in Stata 11.0.
The mean age was 79.06±9.78 years, and 69.1% of the subjects were women. A total of 69.1% (95% confidence interval =61.3-76.8) reported at least 1 morbidity. The mean morbidity by subject was 1.04±1.90. Cardiovascular diseases (25.9%), hypertension (20.1%), musculoskeletal disorders (19.4%), and diabetes (13.7%) were the most frequently reported conditions. The prevalence of multimorbidity (2 or more diseases) was 27.3% (95% confidence interval =19.8-34.8). No significant differences were observed in the independent variables.
In conclusion, the prevalence of multimorbidity in this sample of elderly Mexican subjects was relatively low. The distribution across the included variables was not significantly different. Interventions focused on the health care of older adults with multimorbidity should pay special attention to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and musculoskeletal disorders.
The objective of the present study was to compare the prevalence of edentulism in Mexican adults with and without a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) when they are seeking dental care. A ...cross-sectional study was conducted on 1921 medical records of Mexican adults 40 years of age and older who sought dental care at clinics of a public university in Mexico. The dependent variable was edentulism, clinically determined through an oral examination. The main independent variable was the self-report of previous T2DM diagnosis made by a physician. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic and behavioral covariates were included in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. Overall edentulism prevalence was 8.4% (95% CI = 7.1-9.6). The prevalence of T2DM was 14.3% (n = 274). The prevalence of edentulism among individuals with T2DM was 13.1%, but only 7.6% among individuals without T2DM. In the multivariate binary logistic regression model, a previous T2DM diagnosis increased the probability of being edentulous 1.61 times (95% CI = 1.03-2.50). For each year a person's age increased, the likelihood of being edentulous increased by 12% (95% CI = 10-14%). In summary, a higher prevalence of edentulism was present in Mexican adults with T2DM and in those of older age. This information may be used by dental care providers and health policymakers to improve approaches to preventive care, as well as to characterize and anticipate care needs more accurately for the adult and older adult populations.
Prefabricated metal crowns (PMCs) have been widely used in pediatric dentistry due to their great success in various clinical situations. However, it is important to know the local effects, such as ...changes in pH in the oral environment.
To evaluate the pH variations before and after placement of PMCs.
A quasi-experimental study (before and after) was performed with 32 pediatric patients who needed rehabilitation with PMCs at a pediatric dentistry clinic in a public university. Measurements were made using a pH potentiometer before PMC placement, one week after, and one month after placement. ANOVA and Pearson correlation were performed in SPSS.
The average age of the participants was 5.9 ± 1.6 years, and 53.1% were female. The average pH before, one week after, and one month after crown placement was 7.46 ± 0.37, 7.00 ± 0.32, and 7.1 ± 0.19, respectively. Significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed between the three pH measurements. We found differences when comparing the basal pH values to those at one week (p= 0.001) and one month (p= 0.002).
Although there were statistically significant differences in the pH change values before and after the placement of crowns, these differences may not have a clinical impact.
The aims of the present study were to identify the prevalence and risk indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in urban-based Mexican adults seeking care in a university-based triage/intake ...dental clinic, and to develop a predictive model. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3354 medical/dental records of adults who sought care at the triage/intake dental clinics of a public university. The dependent variable was self-report of a previous diagnosis of T2DM made by a physician. Several socio-demographic and socioeconomic covariates were included, as well as others related to oral and general health. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was generated. We subsequently calculated well-known statistical measures employed to evaluate discrimination (classification) using an (adjusted) multivariate logistic regression model (goodness-of-fit test). The average age of patients was 42.5 ± 16.1 years old and the majority were female (64.1%). The prevalence of T2DM was 10.7% (95%CI = 9.7−11.8). In the final multivariate model, the variables associated (p < 0.05) with the presence of T2DM were older age (40 to 59 years old, OR = 2.00; 60 to 95 years old, OR = 2.78), having any type of health insurance (OR = 2.33), having high blood pressure (OR = 1.70), being obese (OR = 1.41), and having a functional dentition (OR = 0.68). Although the global fit of the model and the calibration tests were adequate, the sensitivity (0.0%) and positive predictive (0.0%) values were not. The specificity (100%) and negative predictive (89.3%) values, as well as the correctly classified (89.3%) value, were adequate. The area under the ROC curve, close to 0.70, was modest. In conclusion, a prevalence of T2DM of 10.7% in this sample of Mexican adults seeking dental care was similar to national figures. Clinical (blood pressure, BMI and functional dentition), demographic (age), and socioeconomic (health insurance) variables were found to be associated with T2DM. The dental setting could be appropriate for implementing preventive actions focused on identifying and helping to reduce the burden of T2DM in the population.
This study was conducted to determine the experience of tooth loss, as well as its associated variables, in a sample of adult Mexicans, aged 60 years and older.
This cross-sectional study was part of ...a larger project to measure diverse oral health indicators in a convenience sample: it included 139 adult Mexican seniors (69.1% of whom were women), ages 60 years and older, either living in long-term care facilities or living independently and participating in adult day care services. Each participant underwent an oral examination to determine the number of missing teeth. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral data. Statistical analyses were performed using nonparametric tests and negative binomial regression.
The mean age was 79.06 (±9.78 years). The mean number of missing teeth was 20.02 (±8.61; median, 24); 99.3% of the participants had at least 1 missing tooth, and only 14 had 20 teeth or more. Using a negative binomial regression multivariate model, we found that for each year's increase in age, the mean number of teeth lost increased by 1% (p<0.05). In individuals who brushed their teeth fewer than two times a day, who had received radiotherapy, or who were currently smokers, the average tooth loss increased 49.2%, 22.6%, and 19.0%, respectively (p<0.01).
Tooth-loss experience in these Mexican seniors was very high (20.02±8.61). Older age (within the range of this group of seniors), tooth-brushing patterns, the receipt of radiation therapy, and (current) tobacco use were associated with higher experience of tooth loss.
Quiste periodontal lateral, reporte de un caso Villalobos-Medina, Mariana Celeste; Jiménez-Matute, Jesús Miguel
Revista nacional de odontología,
04/2019, Letnik:
15, Številka:
28
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Introducción: el Quiste Periodontal Lateral (QPL) también denominado quiste botrioide odontogénico, es considerado un quiste odontogénico del desarrollo, poco frecuente, de mayor incidencia entre la ...quinta y séptima década, con predilección por el sexo masculino. Esta lesión es generalmente asintomática y radiográficamente se presenta como una imagen radiolúcida con bordes bien definidos de forma redonda u ovoide.
Presentación del caso: en el presente artículo se hace referencia a un caso clínico soportado con la revisión de la literatura, de una lesión ubicada entre el incisivo lateral y canino inferior derecho en un paciente masculino de 37 años de edad, al cual se le realizó radiografía panorámica y periapical, por presentar al examen clínico una lesión blanquecina a nivel del vestíbulo bucal en la zona anteroinferior derecha, de aproximadamente 8mm de diámetro, blanda a la palpación de base sésil. Radiográficamente se detectó una imagen radiolúcida ubicada lateralmente entre el 42 y 43. La lesión fue eliminada quirúrgicamente en su totalidad sin la aplicación posterior de material regenerador óseo, se tomó biopsia excisional de la lesión y se corroboró el diagnóstico presuntivo.
Conclusión: la extirpación de la lesión en un solo tiempo quirúrgico, constituye un tratamiento satisfactorio para este tipo de patologías.
Several guidelines have put forward recommendations about the perioperative process of cholecystectomy. Despite the recommendations, controversy remains concerning several topics, especially in low- ...and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to develop uniform recommendations for perioperative practices in cholecystectomy in Mexico to standardize this process and save public health system resources.
A modified Delphi method was used. An expert panel of 23 surgeons anonymously completed two rounds of responses to a 29-item questionnaire with 110 possible answers. The consensus was assessed using the percentage of responders agreeing on each question.
From the 29 questions, the study generated 27 recommendations based on 20 (69.0%) questions reaching consensus, one that was considered uncertain (3.4%), and six (20.7%) items that remained open questions. In two (6.9%) cases, no consensus was reached, and no recommendation could be made.
This study provides recommendations for the perioperative management of cholecystectomy in public hospitals in Mexico. As a guide for public institutions in low- and middle-income countries, the study identifies recommendations for perioperative tests and evaluations, perioperative decision making, postoperative interventions and institutional investment, that might ensure the safe practice of cholecystectomy and contribute to conserving resources.
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