The efficiency of two-stage probe atomization for the determination of gold and palladium in geological samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry is studied. The effects of ...temperature–time program and the position of the probe in an atomizer on the fractionation of sample components and the magnitude of the analytical signal are studied. It is demonstrated that gold and palladium can be quantitatively determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in rocks and ores, using a two-stage probe atomization with the limits of detection for gold and palladium 0.01 and 0.04 g/t, respectively.
To understand the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), it is necessary to establish the molecular-cellular mechanisms of myocardial aging, including those associated with programmed cell ...death, the molecular mechanisms of which have not been practically studied. The aim of this work is to study markers of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of patients with DCMP in vitro. We used the method of primary dissociated cell cultures and the method of immunofluorescence confocal laser microscopy. Cells of the 3rd and 14th passages, corresponding to «young» and «old» cultures, were used to simulate cellular senescence. Results. At the molecular level, aging of cardiomyocyte cells was accompanied by a twofold increase in the expression of p16INK4a compared to «young cultures» both in the control group and in the group with DCMP. It was also found that the expression of p16INK4a in cultures taken from patients with pathology was 2 times higher than in similar cultures from healthy patients. The expression of p21 was increased in the group with DCMP compared to the control; however, with aging of the culture, the expression of p21 did not change, remaining at a significant level. The most significant differences were obtained when comparing the expression of Bax in the cell culture of cardiomyocytes from the group with DCMP in a «young» culture compared with the norm, 3,2 times. Aging of myocardial cells at the molecular level was manifested in an increase in the expression of the Bax protein, which is the triggering mechanism of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. It is possible that this pathway of cell death is prevalent in DCMP.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a diagnostic method, which can be used for oncological patients. It shows its perspectives in measuring reserve capacity of the human organism, determining the ...risk of postoperative complications, and long-term prognosis. The method is also useful for optimization of rehabilitation measures, which is actual for polymorbid aged patients. In this article we present data of cardiopulmonary exercise testing of 362 patients, men and women of different ages with lung and esophagus cancer. We performed a comparative analysis of aerobic ability of gerontological patients and patients from the other age groups. The patients showed higher ranges at rest in comparison to normal population, and lower rates on anaerobic threshold. Patients from the 40-49 age group showed the best values of aerobic exchange. Aged patients had lower oxygen uptake on anaerobic threshold than other groups. Women of all ages had higher values of peak oxygen uptake then men; aged patients showed better results in comparison to the normal ranges.
The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is an element of the Russian contribution to the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. ACS consists of three separate infrared ...spectrometers, sharing common mechanical, electrical, and thermal interfaces. This ensemble of spectrometers has been designed and developed in response to the Trace Gas Orbiter mission objectives that specifically address the requirement of high sensitivity instruments to enable the unambiguous detection of trace gases of potential geophysical or biological interest. For this reason, ACS embarks a set of instruments achieving simultaneously very high accuracy (ppt level), very high resolving power (>10,000) and large spectral coverage (0.7 to 17 μm—the visible to thermal infrared range). The near-infrared (NIR) channel is a versatile spectrometer covering the 0.7–1.6 μm spectral range with a resolving power of ∼20,000. NIR employs the combination of an echelle grating with an AOTF (Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter) as diffraction order selector. This channel will be mainly operated in solar occultation and nadir, and can also perform limb observations. The scientific goals of NIR are the measurements of water vapor, aerosols, and dayside or night side airglows. The mid-infrared (MIR) channel is a cross-dispersion echelle instrument dedicated to solar occultation measurements in the 2.2–4.4 μm range. MIR achieves a resolving power of >50,000. It has been designed to accomplish the most sensitive measurements ever of the trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere. The thermal-infrared channel (TIRVIM) is a 2-inch double pendulum Fourier-transform spectrometer encompassing the spectral range of 1.7–17 μm with apodized resolution varying from 0.2 to 1.3 cm
−1
. TIRVIM is primarily dedicated to profiling temperature from the surface up to ∼60 km and to monitor aerosol abundance in nadir. TIRVIM also has a limb and solar occultation capability. The technical concept of the instrument, its accommodation on the spacecraft, the optical designs as well as some of the calibrations, and the expected performances for its three channels are described.
The utilization of flammable wastes in composite fuels for boiler combustion is discussed. The combustible materials considered are coal flotation wastes, long-flame coal, sawdust, and cardboard. ...These components undergo combustion in the form of a bed of dry mixture or as aqueous suspensions. The following characteristics are determined: the minimum ignition temperature, the delay time of gaseous or heterogeneous ignition, the maximum temperature in the combustion zone, and the calorific value of the fuels. Sawdust-based compositions may be recommended for kindling and to minimize the ignition time. The heat liberation in the combustion chamber may be significantly increased by using mixtures of sawdust, coal slurry or filter cake, and coal dust. The use of such wastes as industrial fuels is very promising.
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