Phys. Rev. C 89, 014607 (2014) Charge-current quasielastic (CCQE) (anti)neutrino scattering cross sections
on a $^{12}$C target are analyzed using a spectral function $S(p,{\cal E})$
that gives a ...scaling function in accordance with the ($e,e'$) scattering data.
The spectral function accounts for the nucleon-nucleon (NN) correlations, it
has a realistic energy dependence and natural orbitals (NO's) from the Jastrow
correlation method are used in its construction. In all calculations the
standard value of the axial mass $M_A= 1.032$ GeV/c$^2$ is used. The results
are compared with those when NN correlations are not included, as in the
Relativistic Fermi Gas (RFG) model, or when harmonic-oscillator (HO)
single-particle wave functions are used instead of NO's. The role of the
final-state interactions (FSI) on the theoretical spectral and scaling
functions, as well as on the cross sections is accounted for. A comparison of
the results for the cases with and without FSI, as well as to results from the
phenomenological scaling function obtained from the superscaling analysis
(SuSA) is carried out. Our calculations based on the impulse approximation (IA)
underpredict the MiniBooNE data, but agree with the data from the NOMAD
experiment. The possible missing ingredients in the considered theoretical
models are discussed.
Durante siglos, el riñón se ha considerado principalmente un órgano de eliminación y un regulador de la sal y del equilibrio iónico. A pesar de que una vez se pensó que era la causa estructural de la ...diabetes, y que en los últimos años ha sido ignorado como regulador de la homeostasis de la glucosa, actualmente es reconocido como un actor importante en el ámbito de la regulación del metabolismo glucídico. Durante el ayuno, el 55% de la glucosa proviene de la gluconeogénesis. Sólo 2 órganos tienen esta capacidad: el hígado y el riñón. Este último es responsable del 20% de la producción total de glucosa y del 40% de la producida por la gluconeogénesis. Hoy en día tenemos una mejor comprensión de la fisiología del transporte de glucosa renal a través de transportadores específicos, como el cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (SGLT2 por sus siglas en inglés: Sodium Glucose Cotransporter). Un compuesto natural, floricina, se aisló a principios de 1800 y durante décadas desempeñó un papel importante en la diabetes y la investigación de la fisiología renal. Finalmente, en el nexo de estos descubrimientos antes mencionados, se reconoció el efecto de compuestos floricina-like en los transportadores de glucosa renal, lo que ha ofrecido un nuevo mecanismo para el tratamiento de la hiperglucemia. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de varias modalidades terapéuticas potencialmente eficaces para el tratamiento de la diabetes.
El Magnesio (Mg) es el cuarto catión más abundante en el organismo y juega un papel fundamental en numerosas funciones celulares, como la glucólisis o el metabolismo energético¹. Su déficit puede ...originar alteraciones gastrointestinales, cardiovasculares y neurológicas. Dentro de estas últimas, la sintomatología puede oscilar desde debilidad muscular y parestesias, hasta letargo, hiperreflexia, ataxia, tetania, convulsiones y coma². Presentamos el caso de un varón de 65 años con intestino corto secundario a una amplia resección intestinal por neoplasia de sigma y peritonitis fecaloidea posterior, con ileostomía terminal, que presentó varios episodios de crisis convulsivas tónico-clónicas secundarias a déficit severo de magnesio, como consecuencia de una disminución en la absorción intestinal por pérdidas por una ileostomía de alto débito. Tras instaurar tratamiento con magnesio intravenoso (iv) se consiguieron normalizar sus niveles plasmáticos. Posteriormente se instauraron recomendaciones dietéticas y tratamiento farmacológico, así como Magnesio oral a dosis altas y Calcitriol para incrementar su absorción, pudiendo ser dado de alta.Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and plays a key role in numerous cellular functions such as glycolysis and energy metabolism. Its deficit may cause gastrointestinal disturbances, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Among the latter, the symptoms may range from muscle weakness and numbness, to lethargy, hyperreflexia, ataxia, tetany, convulsions and coma. We report the case of a man of 65 with short bowel syndrome secondary to extensive bowel resection for sigma neoplasm and subsequent peritonitis, with end ileostomy, who presented several episodes of tonic-clonic seizures secondary to severe magnesium deficiency as a result a decrease in intestinal absorption of losses for high debit ileostomy. After beginning treatment with intravenous magnesium (iv) resulted in plasma levels normalize. Subsequently instituted dietary and pharmacologic treatment recommendations as well as magnesium and highdose oral calcitriol to increase their absorption.
A 66-year old woman with a background of cystic bronchiectasis in the right lung in her childhood was referred to Endocrinology for a study of multinodular goiter. The patient did not report any ...personal or family backgrounds of thyroid cancer. The analysis showed the following hormone levels: Free T4 1.14 μg/dl (LN: 0.9-1.7) and TSH 2.45 μU/ml (LN 0.3-4.5). The ultrasound showed several left thyroid lobe nodes smaller than 1cm, hypoechogenic and well-defined and a larger one in the right thyroid lobe of 1.5 cm, hypoechogenic, with increase of central vascularization, microcalcifications and absence of halo. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration puncture (FNAP) was performed on this node. The result of the puncture was suspicion of malignancy, which is why it was decided to perform surgical treatment by total thyroidectomy. Initial staging according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) was pT1NxM0. The pathology report revealed several foci of follicular and papillary microcarcinoma of 0.1 to 0.4 cm in both thyroid lobes. The patient was treated with suppressive doses of oral levothyroxine to avoid tumor growth. Four months after the surgery, she received an ablative dose of radioactive iodine (due to the multifocality of the tumor and the lack of knowledge on the lymph node involvement). One year later, a thyroid ultrasound was performed that did not show suspicious images of malignancy. Levels of Tg after TSHr (that were undetectable) and a total diagnostic body scan with TSHr were performed. These showed an abnormal deposit of the radiotracer in the right lung having heterogeneous characteristics that suggested the possibility of metastases.
Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 has been cataloged as a nodulator of bean, a plant often growing in areas characterized by highly acidic soils. The purpose of this work was to explore the effects of ...acidity on the production of Nod factors by this strain and their impact on the establishment of effective symbioses. We report that acidity increases rhizobial Nod factors production, and we exhaustively study the nodulation factor structures produced under abiotic stress. Significant differences were observed between the structures produced at acid and neutral pH: 52 different molecules were produced at acid pH, 29 at neutral pH, and only 15 are common to bacteria grown at pH 7.0 or 4.5. The results indicate that
R.
tropici CIAT899 has successfully adapted to life in acidic soils and is a good inoculant for the bean under these conditions.
The orientation of the enzyme Mg(2+)-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) in the transverse tubule (TT) membranes of skeletal muscle was investigated using highly purified chicken and rabbit TT vesicles. The ...percentage of sealed vesicles present in these preparations averaged 88 and 78%, respectively, as calculated from the detergent-induced increase in ouabain-sensitive (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity, ATP-dependent ouabain binding, and lactate dehydrogenase activity (sarcoplasmic enzyme trapped in the TT vesicles). Sidedness of the sealed vesicles, estimated from latency of 5'-nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase, and adenylate cyclase, was predominantly right-side out (69-76%, chicken TT and 62-70%, rabbit TT). In both chicken and rabbit native vesicles, high Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was detected by addition of ATP to the extravesicular medium; this activity was increased 14-12% by alamethicin pointing to the external localization of the active site. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity resulted partially inhibited by treatment of the chicken TT vesicles with proteinase K or p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. Concanavalin A stimulated 4-fold the chicken TT Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, an effect not potentiated by detergent permeabilization of the intact vesicles, indicating that lectin-binding sites were also solvent accessible. This stimulatory effect was not observed in native or permeabilized rabbit TT vesicles. From these results we conclude that the TT Mg(2+)-ATPase is an ectoenzyme with its nucleotide-hydrolyzing site and glycosylated regions facing the extracellular space. Inhibitors of ion-motive ATPases did not modify the enzyme activity, suggesting a different physiological role for the TT Mg(2+)-ATPase which may be involved in the regulation of muscle fiber functions affected by extracellular ATP levels.
Supernova remnants (SNRs) contribute to regulate the star formation efficiency and evolution of galaxies. As they expand into the interstellar medium (ISM), they transfer vast amounts of energy and ...momentum that displace, compress and heat the surrounding material. Despite the extensive work in galaxy evolution models, it remains to be observationally validated to what extent the molecular ISM is affected by the interaction with SNRs. We use the first results of the ESO-ARO Public Spectroscopic Survey SHREC, to investigate the shock interaction between the SNR IC443 and the nearby molecular clump G. We use high sensitivity SiO(2-1) and H\(^{13}\)CO\(^+\)(1-0) maps obtained by SHREC together with SiO(1-0) observations obtained with the 40m telescope at the Yebes Observatory. We find that the bulk of the SiO emission is arising from the ongoing shock interaction between IC443 and clump G. The shocked gas shows a well ordered kinematic structure, with velocities blue-shifted with respect to the central velocity of the SNR, similar to what observed toward other SNR-cloud interaction sites. The shock compression enhances the molecular gas density, n(H\(_2\)), up to \(>\)10\(^5\) cm\(^{-3}\), a factor of >10 higher than the ambient gas density and similar to values required to ignite star formation. Finally, we estimate that up to 50\% of the momentum injected by IC443 is transferred to the interacting molecular material. Therefore the molecular ISM may represent an important momentum carrier in sites of SNR-cloud interactions.
Systems for cooperative design are inherently complex and their development requires specific methods and modelling techniques with capacity to accurately specify their requirements. This paper ...presents the importance of social organization modelling of cooperative processes to describe more precisely the responsibilities to be assigned to each member and, therefore, guide the software analysis and design. Organizations have static and dynamic aspects that are relevant to identify in order to predict the group behaviour such as changes in member roles. This paper proposes a pattern-based approach to describe and identify these organizational structures. This method is incorporated in AMENITIES, a complete methodology for collaborative systems design developed in our research group.
This study examined the antimicrobial resistance of 1278 invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 41 Spanish laboratories participating in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance ...System (EARSS) during 2000 and 2001. Twenty-nine laboratories participated during both years and provided 950 of the isolates. Each laboratory used its own susceptibility testing methods. External quality assessment was performed annually by each participating laboratory. Significant increases in penicillin and erythromycin resistance were observed between 2000 and 2001. This increase was particularly noticeable in isolates from the laboratories participating during both years and in isolates from children and elderly patients.
Peritoneal drainage (PD) has been proposed as a temporizing procedure for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight neonates. This operation was designed for patients ...considered too unstable to undergo laparotomy (LAP). Since the introduction of PD some investigators have suggested that it may serve as a definitive therapy. The aim of our study is to determine the efficacy of PD for the stabilization of patients with complicated NEC and its utility as a definitive surgical treatment.
We review the clinical records from all the patients treated in our unit because of NEC that required surgical therapy. We analyze the mean blood pressure, cardiac and respiratory rate, inspired oxygen concentration, mean airway pressure, diuresis, and arterial blood gases measured 6 and 12 hours after the initial surgical treatment. We divide patients in two different groups according to the initial surgical procedure, peritoneal drainage (PD) or laparotomy group (LAP). Data is shown as media +/- standard deviation, statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and Mann-Withney test.
From January 1997 to January 2001 we treated 13 patients with necrotizing enterocolitis that required surgical treatment. Among this group 6 patients were managed initially with PD and 7 with LAP. The gestational age media was 29.07 +/- 3.81 weeks and the birth weight mean 1199.76 +/- 521 gr., without any significant differences between the two groups DP and LAP. All patients improved haemodynamically and respiratory 6 and 12 hours after the surgical treatment. Nevertheless, the mean blood pressure improved even more in the DP group (p<0.005). The DP group showed an improvement in all parameters 6 hours after the drainage was placed, but this effect wasn't maintained for the next 12 hours onwards. From the 12 hours after PD all patients suffered a steady worsening that required further surgical procedures. The overall mortality was 3 patients (23%), without differences between the two groups. The surgical techniques performed (bowel resection, diversion) were similar for both groups.
DP allows the stabilization for very critically ill patients with complicated NEC. However, this stabilization is temporary. This improvement lasts for a few hours providing a better status for the definitive surgical treatment for the perforated NEC. In our experience DP could not be considered as a definitive surgical treatment.
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