The objective of this paper is to present the research on how unlabeled advertorials are produced and interpreted by their key producers. The study uses ethnographic methods and reveals that ...advertorials are produced by news producers or agency practitioners and advertisers either independently or collectively. The production was based on paying for various expenses or services and making threats. Reasons for production were different within particular groups of producers. Responsibility belongs to all actors analyzed, but also to other media and social actors who establish and maintain circumstances that enable this illegal and unethical practice.
The main goal of this article is to research how the protection of journalists' confidential sources is defined in the normative documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union, what is the ...case law of the European Court of Human Rights, and what is the normative regulation of source protection in Slovenia. The authors state that in the European legal arena it is allowed to demand that a journalist reveal a secret source only exceptionally, when there is intense public interest, and they suggest changes in the Slovenian legislation. Analysis of the relevant legal documents and case law is combined with the method of semi-structured interviews with 15 journalists. The interviewees have different views on whether revealing a confidential source is admissible; the prevalent one is that the promise of confidentiality should be respected unless the circumstances are exceptional.
In the last few years, a new practice known as semi-investigative reporting has appeared in Slovenian journalism. This article presents a study of the strategies used by reporters to construct an ...image of investigative reporting and of reporters' own interpretations of this practice. A critical discourse analysis of reports of institutional scandals in the Slovenian quality daily press during a four-year period is combined with in-depth interviews with reporters. Textual analysis revealed four strategies used in the majority of reports: factism; extensive citing of authoritative official sources; reliance on faceless (secret) sources; and appealing to common knowledge and common sense. The interviewees justified semi-investigative reporting via the changes in contemporary journalism, the tastes and desires of their readers, and market-driven pressures from editors. Semi-investigative reporters do not uncover failures in society's systems of regulation, but in truth they stabilize relations of power within society. In the long term, this practice is harmful to the readers who are exposed to the agendas and frames of official sources under the veil of investigative reporting, which diminishes the credibility of quality media, which are supposed to make those holding power accountable.
The aim of this article is to reveal the production process behind unethical and illegal advertorials — to uncover its main actors, their motives, and responses to this practice. The study combines ...participant observation and interviews with the main participants in the production of texts which appear in an identical form to journalistic text, yet are commercial messages. The analysis showed that the key actors are advertisers, as they are the initiators of the practice; they define the content and the form of publication to achieve commercial benefit. Both marketing agents and journalists/editors are more or less subordinate to them at all stages of the production. The analysis also revealed that relations between the main actors in the advertorial production process are predominately negative, even antagonistic, although members of a specific group, especially journalists and editors, do not share a homogenous view towards other actors or the advertorial practice itself.
The article's goal is to present media representation of the new regime of the Slovenian borders, introduced in December 2007. Critical discourse analysis of news items, published by all major ...Slovenian media between the beginning of December 2007 and the end of January 2008, reveals that there was no single homogeneous representation of the border included by all the media. Instead, there are four discourses: discourse of borderlessness, discourse of the Iron Curtain, discourse of the Schengen fortress, and discourse of everyday life problems. All discourses are fragmented, neglecting political and social contexts, but only the last one, which appeared in the regional media only, critically represented the new regime on the Schengen border. The elite Slovenian media also have thoroughly changed the dominant representation of the Slovenian borders. What used to be "an Iron Curtain" was reconfigured into "borderlessness", and what used to be "borderlessness" was reconfigured into "a fortress" and "a problematic border". They also reproduced a clear division, with Europe/Europeans and Slovenia/Slovenians on one side and the region and people behind the southern Schengen border on the other. Adapted from the source document.
By researching news reporting on the test calculation of real estate value in Slovenia, this study fills a gap in researching media images of the work and community of geodesy. A quantitative content ...analysis and a critical discourse analysis of news items on this project in five Slovenian daily newspapers reveal a predominantly negative view of its success, as almost 60% of news items described it negatively, while a positive view was found only in nearly 12% of reports. An analysis of topics also shows that newspapers emphasized the negative aspects of the project above all. An analysis of sources confirms the key role of official sources, particularly the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic Slovenia (GURS). Ordinary citizens ' were unexpectedly used as a source relatively frequently. The qualitative analysis enabled a precise insight into the prevalent macro-proposition about owners' discontent with the work of GURS and into the much less frequently included macropropositions about GURS performing its work well, and about its carrying out an extensive, important project. An analysis of the words used reveals how journalists, by using words with extremely negative connotations and emotional descriptions of readers' experiences, constructed a meaning that diminishes the reputation of GURS and the geodesic community. The results raise doubts about whether the citizens were well informed about the project. A question also appears about whether the strategy of the geodesic community's communication with the media has been planned and performed well enough. KLJUCNE BESEDE journalism, mass media, real estate value, test calculation, Slovenia
Several studies deal with representation of the European Union (EU), but none of them analyzes the views of the contemporary Others of the EU. This study tries to fill this gap and to expand the ...post-nationalist approach to studying the EU with data gained from in-depth interviews with illegal immigrants from Africa. The results show that before leaving Africa, illegal immigrants associated the EU with economic success based on the media, members of organized crime groups, and false images of immigrant life in the EU. On the basis of their experiences, their image of the EU changed: Europe is a land of repression, modern slavery, and racism. Adapted from the source document.
Because existing studies examining the impact of knowledge on people’s attitudes towards genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have had contradictory results, the goal of this study was to explore ...the attitudes that the population of Slovenia has towards GMOs and how knowledge affects their attitudes.
In January 2012, a telephone survey was conducted researching attitudes towards GMOs and knowledge about them on a representative sample of the population of Slovenia (N=446).
The results revealed a predominantly negative attitude towards GMOs, regardless of their type, application and geographical distance; perceptions of the negative impact of GMOs on an individual’s health were particularly strong. The majority of respondents (59.5%) had moderate knowledge about GMOs, while a largeshare (30.4%) had poor knowledge of the topic. They had better objective knowledge about topics linked to formal education or legislation and a weaker understanding of mass media myths. Correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance showed a statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitudes towards GMOs. The respondents with better objective knowledge (who gave the correct answers to test questions) had a less firm and a more positive attitude towards GMOs and vice versa. The respondents who lacked objective knowledge but expressed subjective knowledge (they were convinced that their answers were correct) on average had a more negative attitude towards GMOs compared to those who lacked subjective knowledge.
This finding leads to the conclusion that knowledge, particularly relating to media myths about GMOs, has an important role in forming attitudes towards the impact of GMOs on an individual’s health.
Zaradi nasprotujočih si izsledkov obstoječih raziskav o vplivu znanja na stališča o GSO je bil namen študije ugotoviti, kakšna so stališča prebivalcev Slovenije do gensko spremenjenih organizmov (GSO) in kako znanje vpliva na stališča o GSO.
V januarju 2012 je bila izvedena telefonska anketa o stališčih in znanju o GSO na reprezentativnem vzorcu med prebivalci Slovenije (N = 446).
Izsledki so pokazali prevladujoče negativno stališče do GSO ne glede na vrsto, uporabo in na zemljepisno oddaljenost; pri tem posebej izstopa percepcija vpliva GSO na posameznikovo zdravje. Večina anketiranih (59,5 %) ima o GSO srednje dobro znanje; visok delež (30,4 %) je takih, katerih znanje je slabo. Boljše objektivno znanje imajo o temah iz formalnega izobraževanja ali spremljanja zakonodaje, slabše pa o medijskih mitih. Korelacijska analiza in enosmerna analiza variance sta pokazali, da med znanjem in stališči o GSO obstaja statistično značilna povezanost. Anketiranci z boljšim objektivnim znanjem (pravilni odgovori na testna vprašanja) imajo manj trdno in bolj pozitivno stališče do GSO in nasprotno. Anketiranci brez objektivnega znanja, a z izraženim subjektivnim znanjem (prepričanost o pravilnosti svojih odgovorov) imajo v povprečju bolj negativna stališča do GSO kot tisti, ki nimajo subjektivnega znanja.
To pomeni, da ima znanje, še posebej pa medijski miti o GSO, pomembno vlogo pri oblikovanju stališča o vplivu GSO na posameznikovo zdravje.
Študija z raziskavo novinarskega sporočanja o projektu poskusnega izračuna vrednosti nepremičnin v Sloveniji zapolnjuje vrzel pri raziskovanju medijske podobe geodetskega dela in skupnosti. ...Kvantitativna analiza vsebine in kvalitativna kritična diskurzivna analiza novinarskih prispevkov o tem projektu v petih slovenskih dnevnih časopisih razkrivata prevladujoče negativno stališče glede njegove uspešnosti, saj je bil v skupno skoraj 60 % novinarskih prispevkih označen negativno, pozitivno stališče pa je bilo najti le v približno 12 % prispevkov. Tudi analiza tem kaže, da so časniki poudarjali predvsem negativne plati projekta. Analiza virov potrjuje ključno vlogo uradnih virov, zlasti Geodetske uprave RS (Gurs), nepričakovano pa so se kot vir razmeroma veliko pojavljali »navadni državljani«. Kvalitativna analiza je omogočila natančen vpogled v prevladujočo osnovno trditev o nezadovoljstvu lastnikov z delom Gursa ter v precej redkeje zastopani trditvi o dobro opravljenem delu Gursa ter izvedbi obsežnega in pomembnega projekta. Analiza poimenovanj razkriva, kako so novinarji z uporabo besed s skrajno negativno konotacijo in čustveno zaznamovanimi opisi negativnih izkušenj bralcev konstruirali pomen, ki zmanjšuje ugled Gursa in geodetske skupnosti. Rezultati vzbujajo dvom, ali so bili državljani dobro obveščeni o projektu. Postavlja se tudi vprašanje, ali je bila strategija komuniciranja geodetske skupnosti z mediji dovolj dobro načrtovana in izvajana ; By researching news reporting on the test calculation of real estate value in Slovenia, this study fills a gap in researching media images of the work and community of geodesy. A quantitative content analysis and a critical discourse analysis of news items on this project in five Slovenian daily newspapers reveal a predominantly negative view of its success, as almost 60% of news items described it negatively, while a positive view was found only in nearly 12% of reports. An analysis of topics also shows that newspapers emphasized the negative aspects of the project above all. An analysis of sources confirms the key role of official sources, particularly the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic Slovenia (GURS). ‘Ordinary citizens’ were unexpectedly used as a source relatively frequently. The qualitative analysis enabled a precise insight into the prevalent macro-proposition about owners’ discontent with the work of GURS and into the much less frequently included macro-propositions about GURS performing its work well, and about its carrying out an extensive, important project. An analysis of the words used reveals how journalists, by using words with extremely negative connotations and emotional descriptions of readers’ experiences, constructed a meaning that diminishes the reputation of GURS and the geodesic community. The results raise doubts about whether the citizens were well informed about the project. A question also appears about whether the strategy of the geodesic community’s communication with the media has been planned and performed well enough.
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