U članku želimo prikazati kako su slovenski mediji predstavili
novi režim slovenskih granica, koji vrijedi od prosinca 2007.
Kritična diskurzivna analiza novinarskih članaka, koje su
objavili svi ...vodeći slovenski mediji od početka prosinca
2007. do kraja siječnja 2008., pokazuje da u svim
analiziranim medijima nije bilo jedne jedine homogene
reprezentacije granice. Utvrdili smo četiri temeljna diskurza:
diskurz bezgraničnosti, diskurz željezne zavjese, diskurz
schengenske tvrđave i diskurz svakodnevnih problema. Svi su
diskurzi fragmentirani i ujedno zanemaruju politički i
socijalni kontekst. Posljednji diskurz (diskurz svakodnevnih
problema) najčešće se pojavljuje u regionalnim medijima i
predstavlja jedini diskurz koji na kritičan način predstavlja
nov režim na schengenskoj granici. Elitni slovenski mediji
temeljito su promijenili dominantnu reprezentaciju slovenskih
granica. Nekadašnju "željeznu granicu" rekonfigurirali su u
"bezgraničnost", a nekadašnju "bezgraničnost" u "tvrđavu" i "problematičnu granicu". Ujedno su reproducirali jasnu
podjelu: na jednoj su strani Europa / Europljani i Slovenija /
Slovenci, a na drugoj su strani regija i ljudi iza južne
schengenske granice.
The article reveals the reasons prompting the need for new journalism codes of ethics and the sources upon which they have been founded. Semi-structured interviews with 15 people involved in drafting ...journalism codes in Slovenia and the Netherlands in the last decade show that some reasons arose from specific national circumstances, while others were common. In Slovenia, foreign codes were the main source. The interviewees claimed that they paid attention to national specifics, yet could not define them. The process was brief, limited to a small group of people and lacked systematic research and wider discussions. In the Netherlands, other codes were consulted, although not copied. The process involved more discussion and reflection. These differences can be interpreted by the different levels of the professionalisation of journalism and some other characteristics of the national contexts. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The authors of this article approached the dilemma of whether or not a universal code of journalism ethics should be drafted based on the existence of factors prompting the need for a new ethics code ...in a national environment. Semi-structured interviews were performed with the key persons involved in the process of drafting or revising three ethics codes in the Netherlands from 2007 onwards: the Journalism Guideline by the Press Council, the Journalism Code by the Society of Chief-Editors and the Code of Conduct by the Foundation Media Ombudsman. The research showed that while these codes arose from some specific circumstances and needs of Dutch journalism, some of the reasons cannot be described as specifically “Dutch”. Particular problems of journalism which triggered the need for a (new) code, such as ethical dilemmas of online journalism and the invasion of a child’s privacy, also appear in other countries. However, if a code is to be accepted and respected by journalists, it has to respond to the needs which are perceived as needs in a particular environment, based on a particular problem being identified by journalists and other parts of society. The idea of keeping the codes within the boundaries of societies, cultures and traditions does not contradict the idea of a common journalisticideology, which is to be understood as journalists’ common commitment to ethical journalism carried out through journalists’ efforts to introduce efficient self-regulation instruments, including ethics codes, on the national level.
Autorica istražuje ulogu medija u formiranju europskog identiteta, pod pretpostavkom
da se od njih očekuje da igraju ključnu ulogu u percepciji i konstrukciji
europskog identiteta te razvitka i ...očuvanja nacionalnih identiteta. Jedan od glavnih
problema u izvještavanju o temama vezanim za Europsku uniju je određivanje
granica između informiranja javnosti i promocije ideja koje vode stvaranju identiteta
Unije. Pružati javnosti istinite, provjerene, točne, važne, nepristrane, različite i
izbalansirane informacije primarni je novinarski zadatak definiran etičkim zakonima
svih država Unije. Jednostrana promocija i snabdjevanje građana selektivnom
istinom i pristranim informacijama ne bi trebali biti smatrani dijelom kvalitetnog
novinarskog diskursa, iako se događaju pod krinkom izgradnje identiteta.
Autoričina teza je da mediji imaju važnu ulogu informiranja građana o temama
relevantnim za Uniju bez promoviranja Unije. Kritički odmak od informacija dobivenih
od vlade ili od izvora za odnose s javnošću mora postojati. Moraju se postavljati
novinarska pitanja. Kako bi ispunili svoju zadaću, novinari moraju biti
opremljeni vještinama i znanjem o politici Unije, moraju slijediti standarde klasične paradigme novinarstva kao javnog servisa i zadržati profesionalni etički stav u
svim fazama komunikacijskog procesa.
The authors discuss sensationalism of the Slovenian tabloids, especially the genre hybrid texts, which self-declare as the investigative stories. The elements of the tabloid press are demonstrated by ...the case study of the texts published in a Slovenian daily tabloid newspaper Slovenske novice, which encroached on the intimate life of a member of the Slovenian Parliament. The case is in many ways precedent for the Slovenian journalism since it raises many legal, ethical and linguistic questions. Therefore both the linguistic-stylistic and ethical analyses appeared to be necessary. The exaggerations, vulgarisms and offensive words show the image of the Slovenian journalism that creates media scandals. The sensationalism is an expected part of the tabloid press, yet such a style also has limits. Why couldn't we talk about a quality tabloid press? In Slovenia certainly not, because the sensationalism is deeply connected with violations of the ethical norms.
ljenih
na novinskim web stranicama i vjerodostojnosti informacija u tradicionalnim
medijima, iako je dokaza u ovom trenutku malo. Glavni cilj je rada potvrditi
je li širenje i porast broja novinskih ...web stranica donijelo promjenu u novinarskoj
percepciji vjerodostojnosti medija. Autorice predstavljaju rezultate ankete provedene
na slučajnom uzorku od 106 novinara u Sloveniji, kojom se tražilo da ocijene
vjerodostojnost različitih tipova medija, objasne razloge za ocjenjivanje određenog
medija kao vjerodostojnijeg te opišu svoje kriterije za ocjenjivanje vjerodostojnosti.
Ključno saznanje ove ankete jest da većina novinara i dalje vjeruje kako su
tradicionalni mediji najvjerodostojniji čime zadržavaju konzervativno stajalište u pitanju novinarske vjerodostojnosti i njenog mjerila. Negativna prosudba novinskih
web stranica može djelomice biti rezultat želje da se obrani i utvrdi autoritet
vlastite profesije. Može se također pripisati slabo razvijenoj online medijskoj sceni
u Sloveniji, gdje online mediji pretežito djeluju kao produžetak tradicionalnih medija.
Uz to, može djelomice biti i rezultat negativne procijene i nezadovoljstva novinara
vlastitim poslom. No, unatoč tim rezultatima, neki novinari smatraju novinske
web stranice dragocjenima jer nude brze informacije koje su neprekidno
provjeravane od strane zajednice medijskih korisnika.
The authors discuss how the Slovenian Press Agency (STA) quotes or summarizes the opinions of its sources. Using the linguo-stylistic method, they analyze the linguistic means of reference in the ...STA's reports. The analysis reveals the use of 71 verbs for saying, thinking & perceiving which can be explained as a result of the journalists' attempt to write livelier texts & to avoid repetition. The use of direct speech is surprisingly rare; journalists mostly summarize the news sources' statements, referring to the reports of foreign news agencies & media organizations which lead to double or even triple references. There is also some inconsistency as to indicating the borders between the author's part of the text & the news source's opinion. The exaggerated use of syntax structure, which expresses unreliability, can be ascribed to the journalists' excessive concern to pass on the quotes "objectively.". References. Adapted from the source document.
