Usamljenost je složen fenomen koji može utjecati na ljude svih dobnih skupina, ali posebno je problematičan kod adolescenata. U današnjem digitalnom dobu mladi se često suočavaju s izazovima koji ...mogu dovesti do osjećaja izolacije i usamljenosti stoga je sve veći broj mladih ljudi koji se osjećaju kronično usamljenima. Usamljenost je također i složeno stanje koje, ukoliko je dugotrajno, može imati ozbiljne posljedice za mentalno i fizičko zdravlje i opću dobrobit mladih ljudi. Stoga je važno istražiti tu temu kako bismo bolje razumjeli uzroke i posljedice tog sveprisutnog problema i pronašli načine kako ga prevladati. U ovom se radu, uzimajući u obzir relevantnu stručnu literaturu, iznose osnovni faktori koji pridonose usamljenosti kod mladih, rezultati istraživanja stupnja usamljenosti učenika Škole za medicinske sestre Vinogradska te predlažu neka rješenja za stvaranje bolje povezanosti i smanjenje osjećaja usamljenosti kod učenika. Cilj istraživanja usamljenosti nazvanog
Ja i drugi
je provjeriti stupanj usamljenosti učenika drugih razreda Škole za medicinske sestre Vinogradska, u kojoj domeni učenici osjećaju veću usamljenost te preferiraju li samoću. Samo istraživanje obavljeno je pomoću Google Forms obrasca. Rezultati su pokazali da se kod ispitanika javlja i socijalna i emocionalna usamljenost i to ponajviše usamljenost u ljubavi, no također i to da se od ukupno 81 ispitanika njih 48 (60%) ne osjeća duže vrijeme usamljeno i da se u svrhu ublažavanja toga osjećaja koriste različitim proaktivnim, ali kratkoročnim strategijama. Također, neki učenici ponekad preferiraju samoću, što može biti zaštitni faktor u od štetnih utjecaja same usamljenosti.
Loneliness is a complex phenomenon that can affect people of all ages, but is especially problematic for adolescents. In today's digital age, young people often face challenges that can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness, therefore there is an increasing number of young people who feel chronically lonely. Loneliness is also a complex condition that, if prolonged, can have serious consequences for the mental and physical health and general well-being of young people. Therefore, it is important to research the topic in order to better understand the causes and consequences of this ubiquitous problem and find ways to overcome it. In this paper, taking into account the relevant professional literature, the basic factors that contribute to loneliness among young people are presented, the results of research into the degree of loneliness among students of the Vinogradska Nursing School, and some solutions are proposed to create better connections and reduce the feeling of loneliness among students. The aim of the loneliness research called
Me and Others
is to check the degree of loneliness of students of the second grades of the Vinogradska Nursing School, in which domain students feel more lonely and if they prefer solitude. The research itself was done using a Google Forms form. The results showed that the respondents experience both social and emotional loneliness, mostly loneliness in love, but also that out of a total of 81 respondents, 48 of them (60%) do not feel lonely for a long time and that they use different proactive but short-term strategies. Also, some students sometimes prefer solitude, which can be a protective factor against the harmful effects of loneliness itself.
Bibliográfico, descriptivo y prospectivo, este ensayo tiene como objetivo señalar posibilidades y desafíos en la implementación de la curricularización de la función de vinculación universidad ...sociedad, como se le denomina en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), en diálogo con las epistemologías y experiencias latinoamericanas y en consonancia con los estudios de Freire, Tommasino, Imperatore, Tobón, Castro, entre otros. Se instituye como subsidio para las discusiones en curso de cara a la sistematización e institucionalización de las trayectorias curriculares en las carreras de la UNAH, guiadas por el modelo de extensión crítica. Sus principales características son: la integralidad de funciones sustantivas; prácticas socioeducativas, socio-comunitarias y socio-productivas relacionadas con la realidad hondureña; interdisciplinariedad e interprofesionalidad; incidencia en la formación académica e impacto y transformación social. Señala como desafíos comunes, a partir del diálogo con profesores y directivos, la necesidad de desarrollar colaborativamente nuevas arquitecturas pedagógicas basadas en epistemologías sociocríticas, holísticas y posmodernas, utilizando como metodología de trabajo el diálogo dentro de la universidad, integrando los equipos pedagógicos de docencia, investigación y vinculación, en articulación con los diferentes actores y sectores sociales. La definición de prácticas integrales, a su vez, constituye el eje fundante de la trayectoria para implementar el cambio propuesto, además de la redefinición del concepto de vinculación y la necesaria eliminación de barreras jerárquicas dentro de las carreras y/o fronteras disciplinarias. No menos importante, es necesaria la profundización de la discusión sobre metodologías y procesos de evaluación coherentes con tales epistemologías y arquitecturas. En el ámbito de la gestión se deben orientar temas como la superación de la cultura del trabajo aislado y la reducción de la distancia entre los procesos académicos y de gestión. La necesidad de fortalecer dinámicas de trabajo cooperativo e integrado en las instituciones y entre éstas y su territorio, la compatibilidad de tiempos académicos y sociales, la regulación de actividades y trayectorias de integración curricular, también forman parte de la lista de retos a superar. Aun así, la limitación de las fuentes de financiación, las dificultades logísticas, la falta de apertura de los profesores al cambio propuesto son señales de un largo camino por recorrer.
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory intestinal disease caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals by genetically predisposed individuals. Constitutive differences between cells from CD ...patients and control subjects, including levels of protein phosphorylation, alterations of vesicular trafficking, and regulation of type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), have been reported. In the present work, we investigated how skin-derived fibroblasts from CD and control subjects responded to thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum ER stress inducer, in an attempt to contribute to the comprehension of molecular features of the CD cellular phenotype. We analyzed Ca2+ levels by single-cell video-imaging and TG2 activity by a microplate assay. Western blots and PCR analyses were employed to monitor TG2 levels and markers of ER stress and autophagy. We found that the cytosolic and ER Ca2+ level of CD cells was lower than in control cells. Treatments with thapsigargin differently activated TG2 in control and CD cells, as well as caused slightly different responses regarding the activation of ER stress and the expression of autophagic markers. On the whole, our findings identified further molecular features of the celiac cellular phenotype and highlighted that CD cells appeared less capable of adapting to a stress condition and responding in a physiological way.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant serum antibody which structural characteristics and effector functions are modulated through the attachment of various sugar moieties called glycans. ...Composition of the IgG N-glycome changes with age of an individual and in different diseases. Variability of IgG glycosylation within a population is well studied and is known to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, global inter-population differences in IgG glycosylation have never been properly addressed. Here we present population-specific N-glycosylation patterns of IgG, analyzed in 5 different populations totaling 10,482 IgG glycomes, and of IgG's fragment crystallizable region (Fc), analyzed in 2,579 samples from 27 populations sampled across the world. Country of residence associated with many N-glycan features and the strongest association was with monogalactosylation where it explained 38% of variability. IgG monogalactosylation strongly correlated with the development level of a country, defined by United Nations health and socioeconomic development indicators, and with the expected lifespan. Subjects from developing countries had low levels of IgG galactosylation, characteristic for inflammation and ageing. Our results suggest that citizens of developing countries may be exposed to environmental factors that can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and the apparent increase in biological age.
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme able to modify gliadin peptides introduced into the organism through the diet. By means of its catalytic activity, TG2 seems to have an important ...pathogenetic role in celiac disease (CD), an inflammatory intestinal disease caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals. A strong autoimmune response to TG2 characterizes CD development. Anti-TG2 antibodies specifically derange the uptake of the α-gliadin peptide 31-43 by control, but not by celiac dermal fibroblasts, underlying some different constitutive features regarding TG2 in healthy and celiac subjects. Our aim was to investigate whether these differences depended on a different TG2 subcellular distribution and whether peptide 31-43 differentially regulated TG2 expression and activity in cells of the two groups of subjects. We found that TG2 was more abundantly associated with membranes of celiac fibroblasts than of control cells, in particular with the early endosomal and autophagic compartments. We also found that peptide 31-43 differentially affected TG2 expression and activity in the two groups of cells, activating TG2 more in control than in celiac cells and inducing TG2 expression in celiac cells, but not in control ones. The different TG2 subcellular localization and the different way the peptide 31-43 modulates TG2 activity and availability into control and CD cells suggested that TG2 is involved in the definition of a constitutive CD cellular phenotype, thus having an important and still undefined role in CD pathogenesis.
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) has an important pathogenic role in celiac disease (CD), an inflammatory intestinal disease that is caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals. Indeed, TG2 ...deamidates specific gliadin peptides, thus enhancing their immunogenicity. Moreover, the transamidating activity seems to provoke an autoimmune response, where TG2 is the main autoantigen. Many studies have highlighted a possible pathogenetic role of anti-TG2 antibodies, because they modulate TG2 enzymatic activity and they can interact with cell-surface TG2, triggering a wide range of intracellular responses. Autoantibodies also alter the uptake of the alpha-gliadin peptide 31–43 (p31–43), responsible of the innate immune response in CD, thus partially protecting cells from p31–43 damaging effects in an intestinal cell line. Here, we investigated whether anti-TG2 antibodies protect cells from p31–43-induced damage in a CD model consisting of primary dermal fibroblasts. We found that the antibodies specifically reduced the uptake of p31–43 by fibroblasts derived from healthy subjects but not in those derived from CD patients. Analyses of TG2 expression and enzymatic activity did not reveal any significant difference between fibroblasts from healthy and celiac subjects, suggesting that other features related to TG2 may be responsible of such different behaviors, e.g., trafficking or subcellular distribution. Our findings are in line with the concept that a “celiac cellular phenotype” exists and that TG2 may contribute to this phenotype. Moreover, they suggest that the autoimmune response to TG2, which alone may damage the celiac mucosa, also fails in its protective role in celiac cells.
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory intestinal disease caused by the ingestion of gluten-containing cereals by genetically predisposed individuals. Constitutive differences between cells from CD ...patients and control subjects, including levels of protein phosphorylation, alterations of vesicular trafficking, and regulation of type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), have been reported. In the present work, we investigated how skin-derived fibroblasts from CD and control subjects responded to thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum ER stress inducer, in an attempt to contribute to the comprehension of molecular features of the CD cellular phenotype. We analyzed Ca
levels by single-cell video-imaging and TG2 activity by a microplate assay. Western blots and PCR analyses were employed to monitor TG2 levels and markers of ER stress and autophagy. We found that the cytosolic and ER Ca
level of CD cells was lower than in control cells. Treatments with thapsigargin differently activated TG2 in control and CD cells, as well as caused slightly different responses regarding the activation of ER stress and the expression of autophagic markers. On the whole, our findings identified further molecular features of the celiac cellular phenotype and highlighted that CD cells appeared less capable of adapting to a stress condition and responding in a physiological way.
PDF
