We propose a quantitative model of electronic transport on the basis of a conductivity characterization of diamond-based sensors exposed to {beta} radiation. Some of the investigated samples have ...been irradiated with neutron up to a fluence of 2x10{sup 15}/cm{sup 2}. Radiation-induced current measurements have been performed to study the trapping and recombination of deep defect levels in the diamond band gap. We present a quantitative analysis of the passivation of deep traps and the release of carriers during thermal fading between consecutive exposures. We determine the density of trap states per unit volume and per unit energy and their capture cross sections. We also evaluate the modification of these parameters after neutron irradiation. Our analysis gives the cross sections of the traps involved in our measurements with an accuracy of 20-50%, which is far better than that attainable with thermal spectroscopy. Our results on the capture cross section of the recombination centers agree with relevant works presented in literature on natural IIa diamond. We propose that some defects are of the same nature in chemical vapor deposition diamond, but their concentration is far lower in the state-of-the-art material. We also study a modification of the trap level distribution after neutron irradiation. Finally we propose a rationale for the improvement obtained in recent years in the performances of top quality polycrystalline diamond sensors.
This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of single-sided silicon microstrip sensors with integrated biasing resistors and coupling capacitors, produced for the first time in ...India. We have first developed a prototype sensor on a four-inch wafer. After finding suitable test procedures for characterizing these AC coupled sensors, we have fine-tuned various process parameters in order to produce sensors with the desired specifications.
An upgrade program is planned for the LHC which will smoothly bring the luminosity up to or above 5×1034 cm−2 s−1 sometimes after 2020, to possibly reach an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb−1 at the ...end of that decade. In this ultimate scenario, called Phase-2, when LHC will reach the High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC), CMS will need a completely new Tracker detector, in order to fully exploit the highly-demanding operating conditions and the delivered luminosity. The new Tracker should have also trigger capabilities. To achieve such goals, R&D activities are ongoing to explore options and develop solutions that would allow including tracking information at Level-1. The design choices for the CMS pixel and outer tracker upgrades are discussed along with some highlights of the R&D activities and expected detector performance.
The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) is evolving rapidly. In the past few years, chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells and bispecific antibodies are bringing new treatment options to patients ...with relapsed/refractory MM. Currently, B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as the most commonly used target of T-cell-based immunotherapies for relapsed/refractory MM. Clinical data have demonstrated promising efficacy and manageable safety profiles of both chimeric antigen receptor T-cell and bispecific antibody therapies in heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory MM. However, most patients suffer from relapses at later time points, and the mechanism of resistance remains largely unknown. Theoretically, loss of antigen is a potential tumor-intrinsic resistance mechanism against BCMA-targeted immunotherapies. Strategies to overcome this kind of drug resistance are, therefore, needed. In this review, we discuss the loss of BCMA in the new epoch of immunotherapy for MM.
Fatty acid ethyl ester is one of the most potential alternative energy because it is renewable and environmentally friendly. Fatty acid ethyl ester is usually made by transesterification using ...heterogeneous alkali catalyst. Chicken bones ash (CaO) is heterogeneous alkali catalyst which is non-corrosive and environmentally friendly. It can also be separated easily from the product by filtration and less removal problem than homogeneous catalyst. This catalyst was made by grinding and calcination the chicken bones. Others variables used in this research were the dosage of the catalyst, molar ratio of ethanol to crude palm oil and reaction temperature. The best yield of the fatty acid ethyl ester was 90.052% at the condition of 17:1 ethanol to crude palm oil molar ratio, 70 °C reaction temperature, 7% of catalyst (w/w), 7 hours of reaction time and 500 rpm stirring speed.
Abstract Indonesia is one of the most prominent pepper producers and consumers worldwide. Indonesian pepper quality, however, is still low. The pepper’s low-quality problem is caused by the ...processing that still uses the traditional (conventional) method. This study reviews many techniques that have the potential to improve pepper quality. The review result from the references shows that waiting time (delaying) in the ripening process can increase the pepperine level from 4.33 % to 6.60 %. The pepperine level is the most vital parameter to show pepper quality. However, a more comprehensive result that compares the conventional and non-conventional methods for all kinds of pepper quality parameters still could not be obtained.
To develop a tool for individualized risk estimation of presence of cancer in women with adnexal masses, and to assess the added value of plasma fibrinogen.
We performed a retrospective analysis of a ...prospectively maintained database of 906 patients with adnexal masses who underwent cystectomy or oophorectomy. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses including pre-operative plasma fibrinogen levels and established predictors were performed. A nomogram was generated to predict the probability of ovarian cancer. Internal validation with split-sample analysis was performed. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was then used to evaluate the clinical net benefit of the prediction model.
Ovarian cancer including borderline tumours was found in 241 (26.6%) patients. In multivariate analysis, elevated plasma fibrinogen, elevated CA-125, suspicion for malignancy on ultrasound, and postmenopausal status were associated with ovarian cancer and formed the basis for the nomogram. The overall predictive accuracy of the model, as measured by AUC, was 0.91 (95% CI 0.87-0.94). DCA revealed a net benefit for using this model for predicting ovarian cancer presence compared to a strategy of treat all or treat none.
We confirmed the value of plasma fibrinogen as a strong predictor for ovarian cancer in a large cohort of patients with adnexal masses. We developed a highly accurate multivariable model to help in the clinical decision-making regarding the presence of ovarian cancer. This model provided net benefit for a wide range of threshold probabilities. External validation is needed before a recommendation for its use in routine practice can be given.
Abstract
Acute appendicitis is a rare gastrointestinal complication of anti-cancer chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among a cohort of 2341 hemato-oncologic patients at a ...pediatric tertiary care cancer center, we identified 21 patients (0.9%) with 23 episodes of acute appendicitis, based on pathological imaging of the appendix and clinical findings. Median age at diagnosis was 10.21 years. Types of underlying disease included acute leukemias (n = 15), solid tumors (n = 4), and aplastic anemia (n = 2). Clinical symptoms seen in > 1 case were recorded for all 23 episodes as follows: abdominal pain, n = 22; abdominal tenderness, n = 4; fever, n = 7; nausea, n = 2; emesis; n = 2; diarrhea, n = 5; and constipation, n = 2. Median leukocyte count at diagnosis was 0.5 × 10
9
/L, with a median of 0.1 × 10
9
/L for the absolute neutrophil count (ANC). All patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics and 18/23 (78%) patients underwent uneventful appendectomy after a median of 5 days and with a median ANC of 0.7 × 10
9
/L. Median duration until continuation of chemotherapy was 17 days for the 20 cases of appendicitis occurring during the patients’ disease course. Overall, 5/21 (19%) patients died including one related to the appendicitis itself which progressed to a typhlitis and was due to a fungal infection. The other fatalities were transplant- (n = 2) and leukemia-related (n = 2). Acute appendicitis is a rare and usually not life-threatening event in pediatric hemato-oncologic patients, which, if managed by prompt administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics (and antimycotics), can be safely followed by an elective (delayed) appendectomy, even before complete recovery of the neutrophils is achieved.
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