Sambung nyawa leaves (Gynura Procumbens Lour. Merr) is used as traditional medicine. Sambung nyawa leaves contain flavonnoid compound which can be used as natural antioxidant. This research was done ...to analyze the effect of the additon of Sambung Nyawa leaves extract as antioxidant and its ability to keep the quaity of coconut oil. The variables used in this research were the ratio of raw material to solvent (m/v) and extraction temperature. First, extraction was done to extract flavonoid compound from Sambung Nyawa leaves. The extract of Sambung Nyawa leaves with the highest flavonoid compound was mixed with coconut oil for 3 days, 6 days, 9 days, 12 days and 15 days. Total flavonoid level from Sambung Nyawa leaves was analyzed by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Acid number, iodine number and peroxide number of the coconut oil were also analyzed in this research. The highest total flavonoid level obtained was 1.32% at 55°C by using 1:10 (m/v) of raw material to solvent ratio. The lowest acid number, the highest iodine number and the lowest peroxide number in coconut oil with Sambung Nyawa leaves extract after it was kept for 3 days were 0.45%, 7.90g I2/100g and 4.40 mg O2/100g respectively.
This study means to depict the Public Help Advancement at PT. PLN (Persero) Kawangkoan Client care Unit. This study utilizes an illustrative subjective methodology, the quantity of witnesses is 8 ...(eight) individuals with information assortment procedures specifically perception, meetings, and documentation, with information examination strategies through information decrease, information show, making determinations. The outcomes showed that Public Help Advancement at PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Kawangkoan overall has not been going great since it was found that as per the consequences of exploration, the local area was not completely mindful of the help advancements from PLN, to be specific the PLN Portable application, how to get to and overall this application was gotten to through electronic gadgets like cell phones. The electronic hardware, as well as the contradiction of data from the application framework with the realities that happen in the field, the presence of snags as an organization in getting to the PLN versatile application, should have a decent organization, and server issues. This is to further develop the assistance nature of PT. PLN (Persero) Kawangkoan Client assistance Unit.
18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging is currently not used in standard diagnostics for B‐cell precursor lymphoblastic lymphoma (BCP‐LBL), and it is ...unknown whether PET/CT imaging would lead to agreement between detection of lesions with the gold standard imaging methods. Therefore, we performed a retrospective cohort study in which we included 32 pediatric BCP‐LBL patients and determined localizations by reviewing local imaging reports. There was a disagreement between protocol‐based imaging and PET/CT in 59% of the patients, and the discrepancies mostly comprise of additional lesions detected with PET/CT, typically in lymph node and bone or the absence of bone marrow involvement with PET/CT. If PET/CT was leading in determining definite stage of disease, this would lead to a different stage and therapy branch in 31% and 28% of the patients, respectively.
Belantamab mafodotin (belantamab) is a first-in-class anti-BCMA antibody-drug conjugate approved for the treatment of triple-class refractory multiple myeloma. It provides a unique therapeutic option ...for patients ineligible for CAR-T and bispecific antibody therapy, and/or patients progressing on anti-CD38 treatment where CAR-T and bispecifics might be kept in reserve. Wider use of the drug can be challenged by its distinct ocular side effect profile, including corneal microcysts and keratopathy. While dose reduction has been the most effective way to reduce these toxicities, the underlying mechanism of this BCMA off-target effect remains to be characterized. In this study, we provide the first evidence for soluble BCMA (sBCMA) in lacrimal fluid and report on its correlation with tumor burden in myeloma patients. We confirm that corneal cells do not express BCMA, and show that sBCMA-belantamab complexes may rather be internalized by corneal epithelial cells through receptor-ligand independent pinocytosis. Using an hTcEpi corneal cell-line model, we show that the pinocytosis inhibitor EIPA significantly reduces belantamab-specific cell killing. As a proof of concept, we provide detailed patient profiles demonstrating that, after belantamab-induced cell killing, sBCMA is released into circulation, followed by a delayed increase of sBCMA in the tear fluid and subsequent onset of keratopathy. Based on the proposed mechanism, pinocytosis-induced keratopathy can be prevented by lowering the entry of sBCMA into the lacrimal fluid. Future therapeutic concepts may therefore consist of belantamab-free debulking therapy prior to belantamab consolidation and/or concomitant use of gamma-secretase inhibition as currently evaluated for belantamab and nirogacestat in ongoing studies.
The Early Warning and Response System (EWARS) is Indonesia's national syndromic and early warning surveillance system for the rapid detection of infectious diseases and outbreaks. We evaluated EWARS ...in the remote West Papua province of Indonesia.
Structured telephone interviews were conducted with 11 key informants from West Papuan health services. EWARS data were analysed for usefulness of reporting.
Most respondents reported that EWARS is important and useful in improving early detection of outbreaks. The system has led to increased disease control coordination among health jurisdictional levels in the province. However, respondents noted that the limited number of districts involved in the system affected representativeness, and some stated that only about 30-35% of districts in each regency were involved and trained in EWARS reporting, partly owing to lack of a mobile telephone network. Barriers to complete reporting and response to alerts included limited human and funding resources for surveillance, lack of epidemiological training, and technical limitations imposed by limited internet and mobile communication infrastructure in this remote region.
Great progress has been made in integrating West Papua into a nationally consistent disease and outbreak detection system. Strategies for addressing barriers resulting from remoteness, constrained human, funding and laboratory resources, lack of training, and limited internet and communications infrastructure are needed if EWARS in West Papua is to advance.
This reflection is a contribution in the passionate, fascination and agitated debate about the balkanization attempts and risk in the Democratic Republic of Congo, further to a plot of a long time by ...some influential members of the international community with their aim of exploiting Congo. We wanted in what to analyze the situation, not by speculate on it but by presenting the balkanization phenomena evolution, own determination or the creation of ethno national entities in the modern history of the world, related to the end of the hidden war, which may collapse between the Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.
The preventive attack consists in destroying or degrading this state capacity or a non state actor, before the latter becomes a threat to the security. This is not different from the case of what ...appended with the destruction of reactor nuclear of Israel at Osirak in 1981. Furthermore, at the moment, the present paper has been written, Israel has clearly indicated its intention of destroying the Iranian nuclear central enrichment. Taking account the attacks of September 11, 2001, the USA has adopted the notion of war preventive as a new strategic approach for its security. However, the fight against terrorism implies a wide cooperation between the different actors. In this article, we want to know how the United States of America can, them self only, fight terrorism? How to put an end to financial stabilization or how to fight climate change alone?
About 1.25 million people worldwide die every year because of road accidents. Risk is higher when drivers use mobile phones, whereas seat belts help to prevent crash-related injury. We aimed to ...evaluate the prevalence, associated factors, and temporal trend of the use of seat belts and mobile phones among drivers and passengers in Florence, Italy (2005-2015).
Use of seat belts and mobile phones use was monitored via direct observation in four areas in the province of Florence. We fitted Poisson regression models with robust variance to investigate the factors associated with the use of seat belts and mobile phones use by the drivers and to explore long-term trends and seasonal patterns in the two time-series.
We observed a total of an overall 134,775 vehicles: seat belts were worn by 71.8% of drivers and front-seat passengers and 27.6% of back-seat passengers, while mobile phones were being used by 4.8% of drivers. Drivers were more likely to wear seat belt when transporting passengers (≥2 vs none: prevalence ratio PR 1.21, 95% confidence intervals CI 1.14-1.29) and while driving in the afternoon (PR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03-1.05), and less likely when the front-seat passenger was not wearing seat belts (PR 0.33, 95% CI 0.32-0.34). After an initial increase, seat belts use by the driver decreased over time (-0.5% each year during 2010-2015), with significant peaks and troughs in July and January, respectively. Mobile phone use by the driver was inversely associated with wearing seat belts (PR 0.67, 95% CI 0.64-0.70) and carrying passengers (≥2 vs. none PR 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.52). The proportion of drivers using mobile phones did not vary over time nor showed any clear seasonality.
Drivers' risky behaviours (not wearing a seat belt and using a mobile phone) are associated, showing a global misperception of risk among a subset of drivers. The number of passengers and their behaviour is also associated with the driver's attitude. The effectiveness of primary enforcement laws has declined in Italy in recent years; therefore, other strategies should be devised and implemented.
Abstract
Epoxy compounds are compounds that contain oxygen groups that are formed by an epoxidation reaction between peroxide acid with aromatic unsaturated compounds. Epoxy compounds can be applied ...as stabilizers, plasticizers in PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and can be used as antioxidants in natural rubber processing, as surfactants, anti-corrosive additives in lubricating oils and pesticide raw materials. The raw material in this research is avocado seed oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of catalyst concentration, sulfuric acid, the amount of H
2
O
2
(ml) and stirring speed (rpm) on the characteristics of epoxy compounds. In this study, the fatty acids contained in the raw material were reacted with hexane, glacial acetic acid, H
2
O
2
with variations of 40, 50, 60 and 70 ml, sulfuric acid as a catalyst with a variations of 1.5; 2.0; and 2.5%, stirring speed with a variation of 400, 500, and 600 rpm, a reaction time of 180 minutes. The results showed that the best epoxy compound results were obtained at a catalyst concentration of 2.5%, 70 ml H
2
O
2
, reaction time of 180 minutes, and a stirring speed of 600 rpm, which obtained an oxirane oxygen content of 3.552, an iodine number of 1.269 and an oxirane oxygen conversion of 72.489%.
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