The influence of nitrogen incorporation in high concentrations on the structural properties and morphology of SnO2–xNx thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition is studied. A decrease in ...crystallite size and a lattice expansion in SnO2–xNx films with increasing x are found by X‐ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Substitutional nitrogen with a binding energy of 397.15 eV was detected by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attributed to the N3− ion in the SnN bond. The increase of the N atomic concentration x in SnO2–xNx films from 0 to 7.9 at.% without phase separation with increasing NH3 flow rate during the deposition is accompanied by a decrease of O atomic concentration.
Recent studies implicated the RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) family of proteins in oocyte, retinal ganglion cell, heart, and gastrointestinal smooth muscle development. These ...RNA-binding proteins contain a single RNA recognition motif (RRM), and their targets and molecular function have not yet been identified. We defined transcriptome-wide RNA targets using photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) in HEK293 cells, revealing exonic mature and intronic pre-mRNA binding sites, in agreement with the nuclear and cytoplasmic localization of the proteins. Computational and biochemical approaches defined the RNA recognition element (RRE) as a tandem CAC trinucleotide motif separated by a variable spacer region. Similar to other mRNA-binding proteins, RBPMS family of proteins relocalized to cytoplasmic stress granules under oxidative stress conditions suggestive of a support function for mRNA localization in large and/or multinucleated cells where it is preferentially expressed.
•Two-dimensional plasma/neutral transport simulations of the scrape-off-layer/divertor plasma are compared with Divertor Thomson scattering measurements for DIII-D H-mode discharges. Experimental ...inner/outer divertor plasma and radiation profile asymmetries resulting from changing the direction of the toroidal magnetic field are qualitatively reproduced by the simulations. Steady-state detached plasma solutions are found when increasing the midplane separatrix density beyond a critical value, and that density is within 35% of the experimental measured separatrix density for detachment. The critical density depends on the impurity radiation and pumping models.
A modeling study is reported using new 2D data from DIII-D tokamak divertor plasmas and improved 2D transport model that includes large cross-field drifts for the numerically difficult low anomalous transport regime associated with the H-mode. The data set, which spans a range of plasma densities for both forward and reverse toroidal magnetic field (Bt), is provided by divertor Thomson scattering (DTS). Measurements utilizing X-point sweeping give corresponding 2D profiles of electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) across both divertor legs for individual discharges. The simulations focus on the open magnetic field-line regions, though they also include a small region of closed field lines. The calculations show the same features of in/out divertor plasma asymmetries as measured in the experiment, with the normal Bt direction (ion ∇B drift toward the X-point) having higher ne and lower Te in the inner divertor leg than outer. Corresponding emission data for total radiated power shows a strong inner-divertor/outer-divertor asymmetry that is reproduced by the simulations. These 2D UEDGE transport simulations are enabled for steep-gradient H-mode conditions by newly implemented algorithms to control isolated grid-scale irregularities.
The influence of nitrogen incorporation in high concentrations on the structural properties and morphology of SnO
2
–x
N
x
thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition is studied. A decrease in ...crystallite size and a lattice expansion in SnO
2–
x
N
x
films with increasing
x
are found by X‐ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Substitutional nitrogen with a binding energy of 397.15 eV was detected by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attributed to the N
3
−
ion in the SnN bond. The increase of the N atomic concentration
x
in SnO
2
–x
N
x
films from 0 to 7.9 at.% without phase separation with increasing NH
3
flow rate during the deposition is accompanied by a decrease of O atomic concentration.
The influence of nitrogen incorporation in high concentrations on the structural properties and morphology of SnO sub(2-x)N sub(x) thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition is studied. A decrease ...in crystallite size and a lattice expansion in SnO sub(2-x)N sub(x) films with increasing x are found by X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy. Substitutional nitrogen with a binding energy of 397.15eV was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attributed to the N super(3-) ion in the Sn--N bond. The increase of the N atomic concentration x in SnO sub(2-x)N sub(x) films from 0 to 7.9at.% without phase separation with increasing NH sub(3) flow rate during the deposition is accompanied by a decrease of O atomic concentration.
This paper documents first work toward validation of BOUT++ nonlinear edge localized mode (ELM) simulations in X-point geometry, at experimental pedestal collisionality, against multiple diagnostic ...measurements of a well-characterized ELM event in DIII-D. The key to the BOUT++ simulations is the use of a hyper-resistivity model that effectively spreads the very thin current sheets that form in low collisionality nonlinear simulations, and allows for ELM driven magnetic reconnection at finite current density. Experimental ELM characterization includes multiple fast line-integrated diagnostic measurements revealing in–out divertor asymmetric response to ELMs, IRTV imaging at the divertor targets, visible emission in the divertor volume to test the extension of BOUT++ to X-point geometry, and forward modeling of new electron cyclotron emission imaging to test predictions of ELM filaments in the edge pedestal. Initial comparisons suggest optimized BOUT boundary conditions and model parameters, and show similarities between initial BOUT++ results and several measurements.
Effects of different biochars and digestate on N2O fluxes under field conditions Dicke, Christiane; Janet AndertauthorLeibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e. V., Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Christian AmmonauthorLeibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e. V., Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany ...
2015
Journal Article
Over 40 000 patients with COVID-19 have been hospitalised in New York City (NY, USA) as of April 28, 2020. Data on the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill patients with ...COVID-19 in this setting are needed.
This prospective observational cohort study took place at two NewYork-Presbyterian hospitals affiliated with Columbia University Irving Medical Center in northern Manhattan. We prospectively identified adult patients (aged ≥18 years) admitted to both hospitals from March 2 to April 1, 2020, who were diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and were critically ill with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, and collected clinical, biomarker, and treatment data. The primary outcome was the rate of in-hospital death. Secondary outcomes included frequency and duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, frequency of vasopressor use and renal replacement therapy, and time to in-hospital clinical deterioration following admission. The relation between clinical risk factors, biomarkers, and in-hospital mortality was modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Follow-up time was right-censored on April 28, 2020 so that each patient had at least 28 days of observation.
Between March 2 and April 1, 2020, 1150 adults were admitted to both hospitals with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of which 257 (22%) were critically ill. The median age of patients was 62 years (IQR 51–72), 171 (67%) were men. 212 (82%) patients had at least one chronic illness, the most common of which were hypertension (162 63%) and diabetes (92 36%). 119 (46%) patients had obesity. As of April 28, 2020, 101 (39%) patients had died and 94 (37%) remained hospitalised. 203 (79%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 18 days (IQR 9–28), 170 (66%) of 257 patients received vasopressors and 79 (31%) received renal replacement therapy. The median time to in-hospital deterioration was 3 days (IQR 1–6). In the multivariable Cox model, older age (adjusted hazard ratio aHR 1·31 1·09–1·57 per 10-year increase), chronic cardiac disease (aHR 1·76 1·08–2·86), chronic pulmonary disease (aHR 2·94 1·48–5·84), higher concentrations of interleukin-6 (aHR 1·11 95%CI 1·02–1·20 per decile increase), and higher concentrations of D-dimer (aHR 1·10 1·01–1·19 per decile increase) were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
Critical illness among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in New York City is common and associated with a high frequency of invasive mechanical ventilation, extrapulmonary organ dysfunction, and substantial in-hospital mortality.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, and the Columbia University Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research.
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