This Letter reports new results on muon neutrino disappearance from NOvA, using a 14 kton detector equivalent exposure of 6.05×10^{20} protons on target from the NuMI beam at the Fermi National ...Accelerator Laboratory. The measurement probes the muon-tau symmetry hypothesis that requires maximal θ_{23} mixing (θ_{23}=π/4). Assuming the normal mass hierarchy, we find Δm_{32}^{2}=(2.67±0.11)×10^{-3} eV^{2} and sin^{2}θ_{23} at the two statistically degenerate values 0.404_{-0.022}^{+0.030} and 0.624_{-0.030}^{+0.022}, both at the 68% confidence level. Our data disfavor the maximal mixing scenario with 2.6σ significance.
This paper reports the first measurement using the NOvA detectors of nu sub(mu) disappearance in a nu sub(mu) beam. The analysis uses a 14 kton-equivalent exposure of 2.74x10 super(20) ...protons-on-target from the Fermilab NuMI beam. Assuming the normal neutrino mass hierarchy, we measure (ProQuest: Formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted) and sin super(2)theta sub(23) in the range 0.38-0.65, both at the 68% confidence level, with two statistically degenerate best-fit points at sin super(2)theta sub(23)=0.4 3 and 0.60. Results for the inverted mass hierarchy are also presented.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC)-E2 specific CD8+ T cells play a leading role in biliary destruction in PBC. However, there are limited data on the characterization of these autoantigen-specific CD8+ T ...cells, particularly in the liver. Herein, we aimed to identify pathogenic intrahepatic CD8+ T-cell subpopulations and investigate their immunobiology in PBC.
Phenotypic and functional analysis of intrahepatic T-cell subsets were performed by flow cytometry. CD103+ TRM cell frequency was evaluated by histological staining. The transcriptome and metabolome were analyzed by RNA-seq and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Cytotoxicity of TRM cells against cholangiocytes was assayed in a 3D organoid co-culture system. Moreover, the longevity (long-term survival) of TRM cells in vivo was studied by 2-octynoic acid-BSA (2OA-BSA) immunization, Nudt1 conditional knock-out and adoptive co-transfer in a murine model.
Intrahepatic CD103+ TRM (CD69+CD103+CD8+) cells were significantly expanded, hyperactivated, and potentially specifically reactive to PDC-E2 in patients with PBC. CD103+ TRM cell frequencies correlated with clinical and histological indices of PBC and predicted poor ursodeoxycholic acid response. NUDT1 blockade suppressed the cytotoxic effector functions of CD103+ TRM cells upon PDC-E2 re-stimulation. NUDT1 overexpression in CD8+ T cells promoted tissue-residence programming in vitro; inhibition or knockdown of NUDT1 had the opposite effect. Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of NUDT1 eliminated CD103+ TRM cells and alleviated cholangitis in mice immunized with 2OA-BSA. Significantly, NUDT1-dependent DNA damage resistance potentiates CD8+ T-cell tissue-residency via the PARP1-TGFβR axis in vitro. Consistently, PARP1 inhibition restored NUDT1-deficient CD103+ TRM cell durable survival and TGFβ-Smad signaling.
CD103+ TRM cells are the dominant population of PDC-E2-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in the livers of patients with PBC. The role of NUDT1 in promoting pathogenic CD103+ TRM cell accumulation and longevity represents a novel therapeutic target in PBC.
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare inflammatory condition of the bile ducts. It can be treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, but a large percentage of patients respond poorly to this treatment. Liver-infiltrating memory CD8+ T cells recognizing the PDC-E2 immunodominant epitope are critical in the pathogenesis of PBC. We identifed the key pathogenic CD8+ T cell subset, and worked out the mechanisms of its hyperactivation and longevity, which could be exploited therapeutically.
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•CD103+ TRM cells are the dominant population of PDC-E2-specific autoreactive cytotoxic T cells in livers of patients with PBC.•CD103+ TRM cells exhibit cytotoxicity against autologous cholangiocytes in PBC.•Upon antigenic stimulation, metabolic reprogramming and DNA damage response of CD103+ TRM cells is orchestrated by NUDT1.•NUDT1-dependent DNA damage resistance promotes long-term survival of CD103+ TRM cells via PARP1-TGFβ-Smad axis.
To compare the long-term clinical effect and imaging results of Bryan artificial cervical disc replacement (ACDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and to explore whether ACDR can ...reduce the occurrence of postoperative adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) in the treatment of degenerative cervical spondylosis.
It was a retrospective study. Total of 60 patients with degenerative cervical spondylosis, who had received operations by Bryan ACDR (
27) and ACDF (
33) in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2005 and December 2009 were enrolled in this study. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, neck disability index (NDI), visual analogue scale (VAS), Odom's scale, cervical range of motion (ROM), surgical segment ROM, heterotopic ossification (HO) and ASD were used to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results. The indices abovementioned were compared between the two groups.
The VAS, NDI and JOA scores at each follow-up node in both ACDR and ACDF group were all
The two-detector design of the NOvA neutrino oscillation experiment, in which two functionally identical detectors are exposed to an intense neutrino beam, aids in canceling leading order effects of ...cross-section uncertainties. However, limited knowledge of neutrino interaction cross sections still gives rise to some of the largest systematic uncertainties in current oscillation measurements. We show contemporary models of neutrino interactions to be discrepant with data from NOvA, consistent with discrepancies seen in other experiments. Adjustments to neutrino interaction models in GENIE are presented, creating an effective model that improves agreement with our data. We also describe systematic uncertainties on these models, including uncertainties on multi-nucleon interactions from a newly developed procedure using NOvA near detector data.
The demand for engineered wood products (EWPs) continues to rise internationally. However, for some important Australian commercial timbers such as plantation grown southern pine and native forest ...sourced spotted gum, a major impediment to achieving commercially viable EWP production is difficulties experienced in gluing – particularly for sawn laminate based EWPs such as glulam. Wettability and permeability have a major influence on wood adhesion. This study investigated the efficacy of different surface machining preparations on the wettability and permeability of southern pine and spotted gum. For both species, planing resulted in poor wettability, whereas face milling and sanding treatments post-planing improved wettability. Wettability increased in southern pine earlywood compared to latewood; and wettability decreased for both species with increased time post-surface machining. Planing resulted in the highest permeability for southern pine but the lowest permeability for spotted gum. Face milling resulted in higher permeability compared to sanding treatments.
The cross section of neutrino-induced neutral-current coherent π0 production on a carbon-dominated target is measured in the NOvA near detector. This measurement uses a narrow-band neutrino beam with ...an average neutrino energy of 2.7 GeV, which is of interest to ongoing and future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. The measured, flux-averaged cross section is σ = 13.8 ± 0.9 ( stat ) ± 2.3 ( syst ) × 10−40 cm2 / nucleus , consistent with model prediction. This result is the most precise measurement of neutral-current coherent π 0 production in the few-GeV neutrino energy region.
In this article, the AlMgB14–carbon Nanotubes (CNT) composites were synthesized by means of the mechanical alloying (MA) and field activated and pressure assisted in-situ synthesis (FAPAS). The ...microstructure and component of the synthesized metallic ceramics were observed and determined using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further investigations on the mechanical properties of the composites showed that adding CNTs could not only increase the hardness of AlMgB14, but also improve the fracture toughness. It was found that the addition of 0.5% CNTs could achieve the best reinforcing and toughening effect. The microstructure analysis on the composites with an addition of 0.5% CNTs revealed the mechanism for such effects, i.e., the addition of CNTs could refine the grain, promote the formation of network microstructure, and confine the crack deflection along the interface between the CNTs and AlMgB14. Furthermore, the high quality, uniform dispersion, integrity and compatibility with matrix of the CNTs were the main factors that improved the fracture toughness of AlMgB14-CNTs composites dramatically.
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