From 1935 to 1945, the Japan Romantic School (Nihon Romanha), a group of major intellectuals and literary figures, explored issues concerning politics, literature, and nationalism in ways that still ...influence cultural discourse in Japan today. Kevin Doak's timely study is a broad critique of modernity in early twentieth-century Japan. He uses close readings and translations of texts and poems to suggest that the school's interest in romanticism stemmed from its attempt to surmount the "cultural crisis" of lost traditions. This attempt to overcome modernity eventually reduced the movement's earlier critical impulses to expressions of nationalist longing.
White flight Kruse, Kevin M
2013., 20130711, 2013, 2005, 2007, 2007-08-14, Letnik:
50
eBook
During the civil rights era, Atlanta thought of itself as "The City Too Busy to Hate," a rare place in the South where the races lived and thrived together. Over the course of the 1960s and 1970s, ...however, so many whites fled the city for the suburbs that Atlanta earned a new nickname: "The City Too Busy Moving to Hate."
In this reappraisal of racial politics in modern America, Kevin Kruse explains the causes and consequences of "white flight" in Atlanta and elsewhere. Seeking to understand segregationists on their own terms,White Flightmoves past simple stereotypes to explore the meaning of white resistance. In the end, Kruse finds that segregationist resistance, which failed to stop the civil rights movement, nevertheless managed to preserve the world of segregation and even perfect it in subtler and stronger forms.
Challenging the conventional wisdom that white flight meant nothing more than a literal movement of whites to the suburbs, this book argues that it represented a more important transformation in the political ideology of those involved. In a provocative revision of postwar American history, Kruse demonstrates that traditional elements of modern conservatism, such as hostility to the federal government and faith in free enterprise, underwent important transformations during the postwar struggle over segregation. Likewise, white resistance gave birth to several new conservative causes, like the tax revolt, tuition vouchers, and privatization of public services. Tracing the journey of southern conservatives from white supremacy to white suburbia, Kruse locates the origins of modern American politics.
Some images inside the book are unavailable due to digital copyright restrictions.
The Spaces of the Modern City Gyan Prakash, Kevin M. Kruse / Gyan Prakash, Kevin M. Kruse
2021, 2008, 2021-06-08, 20080101, Letnik:
2
eBook
By United Nations estimates, 60 percent of the world's population will be urban by 2030. With the increasing speed of urbanization, especially in the developing world, scholars are now rethinking ...standard concepts and histories of modern cities. The Spaces of the Modern City historicizes the contemporary discussion of urbanism, highlighting the local and global breadth of the city landscape. This interdisciplinary collection examines how the city develops in the interactions of space and imagination. The essays focus on issues such as street design in Vienna, the motion picture industry in Los Angeles, architecture in Marseilles and Algiers, and the kaleidoscopic paradox of post- apartheid Johannesburg. They explore the nature of spatial politics, examining the disparate worlds of eighteenth-century Baghdad, nineteenth-century Morelia, Cold War-era West Berlin, and postwar Los Angeles. They also show the meaning of everyday spaces to urban life, illuminating issues such as crime in metropolitan London, youth culture in Dakar, "memory projects" in Tokyo, and Bombay cinema. Informed by a range of theoretical writings, this collection offers a fresh and truly global perspective on the nature of the modern city. The contributors are Sheila Crane, Belinda Davis, Mamadou Diouf, Philip J. Ethington, David Frisby, Christina M. Jiménez, Dina Rizk Khoury, Ranjani Mazumdar, Frank Mort, Martin Murray, Jordan Sand, and Sarah Schrank.
Nuclear chromosomes transcribe far more RNA than required to encode protein. Here we investigate whether non-coding RNA broadly contributes to cytological-scale chromosome territory architecture. We ...develop a procedure that depletes soluble proteins, chromatin, and most nuclear RNA from the nucleus but does not delocalize XIST, a known architectural RNA, from an insoluble chromosome “scaffold.” RNA-seq analysis reveals that most RNA in the nuclear scaffold is repeat-rich, non-coding, and derived predominantly from introns of nascent transcripts. Insoluble, repeat-rich (C0T-1) RNA co-distributes with known scaffold proteins including scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A), and distribution of these components inversely correlates with chromatin compaction in normal and experimentally manipulated nuclei. We further show that RNA is required for SAF-A to interact with chromatin and for enrichment of structurally embedded “scaffold attachment regions” prevalent in euchromatin. Collectively, the results indicate that long nascent transcripts contribute a dynamic structural role that promotes the open architecture of active chromosome territories.
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•Repeat-rich RNA is depleted from heterochromatin and experimentally compacted DNA•Selective nuclear fractionation identifies RNAs in non-chromatin scaffold substructures•Scaffold RNA is rich in repetitive non-coding sequences of pre-mRNAs and lncRNAs•Long transcripts in euchromatin platform scaffolds that counter DNA compaction
Creamer et al. report that non-coding, repeat-rich sequences in long nascent transcripts play a dynamic structural role in interphase chromosome architecture. Combining nuclear fractionation, RNA sequencing, and molecular cytology, the results indicate insoluble nuclear RNAs platform a non-chromatin scaffold that is integral to open architecture of active chromosome territories.
The production of isobutanol in microorganisms has recently been achieved by harnessing the highly active 2-keto acid pathways. Since these 2-keto acids are precursors of amino acids, we aimed to ...construct an isobutanol production platform in Corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known amino-acid-producing microorganism. Analysis of this host's sensitivity to isobutanol toxicity revealed that C. glutamicum shows an increased tolerance to isobutanol relative to Escherichia coli. Overexpression of alsS of Bacillus subtilis, ilvC and ilvD of C. glutamicum, kivd of Lactococcus lactis, and a native alcohol dehydrogenase, adhA, led to the production of 2.6 g/L isobutanol and 0.4 g/L 3-methyl-1-butanol in 48 h. In addition, other higher chain alcohols such as 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol were also detected as byproducts. Using longer-term batch cultures, isobutanol titers reached 4.0 g/L after 96 h with wild-type C. glutamicum as a host. Upon the inactivation of several genes to direct more carbon through the isobutanol pathway, we increased production by ∼25% to 4.9 g/L isobutanol in a ∆pyc∆ldh background. These results show promise in engineering C. glutamicum for higher chain alcohol production using the 2-keto acid pathways.
Poetry has long dominated the cultural landscape of modern Iraq,
simultaneously representing the literary pinnacle of high culture
and giving voice to the popular discourses of mass culture. As the
...favored genre of culture expression for religious clerics,
nationalist politicians, leftist dissidents, and avant-garde
intellectuals, poetry critically shaped the social, political, and
cultural debates that consumed the Iraqi public sphere in the
twentieth century. The popularity of poetry in modern Iraq,
however, made it a dangerous practice that carried serious
political consequences and grave risks to dissident poets.
The Dangers of Poetry is the first book to narrate the
social history of poetry in the modern Middle East. Moving beyond
the analysis of poems as literary and intellectual texts, Kevin M.
Jones shows how poems functioned as social acts that critically
shaped the cultural politics of revolutionary Iraq. He narrates the
history of three generations of Iraqi poets who navigated the
fraught relationship between culture and politics in pursuit of
their own ambitions and agendas. Through this historical analysis
of thousands of poems published in newspapers, recited in popular
demonstrations, and disseminated in secret whispers, this book
reveals the overlooked contribution of these poets to the spirit of
rebellion in modern Iraq.
To further our understanding of immunopeptidomics, improved tools are needed to identify peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). Many existing tools are limited by ...their reliance upon chemical affinity data, which is less biologically relevant than sampling by mass spectrometry, and other tools are limited by incomplete exploration of machine learning approaches. Herein, we assemble publicly available data describing human peptides discovered by sampling the MHC-I immunopeptidome with mass spectrometry and use this database to train random forest classifiers (ForestMHC) to predict presentation by MHC-I.
As measured by precision in the top 1% of predictions, our method outperforms NetMHC and NetMHCpan on test sets, and it outperforms both these methods and MixMHCpred on new data from an ovarian carcinoma cell line. We also find that random forest scores correlate monotonically, but not linearly, with known chemical binding affinities, and an information-based analysis of classifier features shows the importance of anchor positions for our classification. The random-forest approach also outperforms a deep neural network and a convolutional neural network trained on identical data. Finally, we use our large database to confirm that gene expression partially determines peptide presentation.
ForestMHC is a promising method to identify peptides bound by MHC-I. We have demonstrated the utility of random forest-based approaches in predicting peptide presentation by MHC-I, assembled the largest known database of MS binding data, and mined this database to show the effect of gene expression on peptide presentation. ForestMHC has potential applicability to basic immunology, rational vaccine design, and neoantigen binding prediction for cancer immunotherapy. This method is publicly available for applications and further validation.
•There is an increase in online search behavior for seizure terms in the Philippines.•Such searches centered on seizure definition, symptoms, causes, types, and treatment.•Seasonal and psychosocial ...factors may influence Philippine online search behavior.•Rising Philippine online interest in seizures may hint at growing epilepsy awareness.
The internet has been established as a rich source of health information that is well utilized by the public. Online health information-seeking behavior may reflect public awareness in particular health-related topics, including epilepsy and seizures.
This study aimed to describe online search behavior for epilepsy and seizures in the Philippines through the examination of trends of Philippine-based Google search queries for epilepsy and seizure-related terms.
The search volume indices (SVIs) for the keywords “epilepsy (disorder)” and “seizure (disease)” based on Philippine-based Google searches from January 2004 to July 2021 were generated using Google Trends. Descriptive analysis of search volume patterns, including related topics and queries, was performed.
There was a recent relative increase in Philippine-based searches related to the term “seizure” with a concurrent relative decline in searches related to the term “epilepsy” over time. The Philippines had the fifth-highest SVI for “seizure” based on worldwide trends. Most searches centered on the definition, symptomatology, etiologies, classification, and treatment of seizures and epilepsy. Queries containing seizure-related terms rose in volume by more than 5000% during the seventeen-year period. Search volume tended to peak during the National Epilepsy Awareness Week in September but slumped during holiday months.
Online search behavior in the Philippines for seizure-related terms appears to be on the rise and may reflect increasing public awareness in epilepsy. Factors including fears surrounding epileptic seizures, the stigma surrounding the term “epilepsy”, and seasonal events including a regularly held epilepsy awareness week may influence online search behavior.
Background
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disease. There is still no established cost-effective treatment that can improve functional status and ...survival of ALS patients. Perampanel, by inhibiting neuronal calcium ion influx and preventing dyslocalization of nuclear proteins, has the potential to ameliorate ALS neurodegeneration.
Objectives
This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of perampanel among ALS patients in terms of improvement in functional status using a review of relevant studies.
Methods
MedLine, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, Scopus, Embase,
Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde
, ClinicalTrials.gov website, and HERDIN databases were searched from inception to August 2021 for relevant studies.
Results
The search yielded 132 articles; 3 studies were included in the analysis. Pooled evidence shows that perampanel compared to placebo significantly improves cortical motor hyperexcitability but not the ALS functional rating scale-revised score. Perampanel is associated with adverse events such as aggression, somnolence, anger, and dysarthria.
Conclusion
There is no sufficient evidence to support the role of perampanel in improving functional status of ALS patients. Although it can ameliorate motor cortical hyperexcitability, its clinical benefit has not yet been elucidated. Perampanel is not well tolerated among ALS patients as it is associated with adverse events such as aggression, somnolence, anger, and dysarthria. Further studies investigating the role of perampanel early in the ALS disease course, excluding ALS patients with frontotemporal lobe degeneration features and C9ORF72 repeat expansion, and using gradual drug titration schedule are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of perampanel in ALS.
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