Comparative measurements of strength and Griffith's critical strain energy release rate GIc were carried out on adhesively bonded joints with different surface treatments of titanium, before and ...along 13 weeks of accelerated aging in salted or deionized water at 50°C. Thermo-mechanical measurements were carried out on the bulk epoxy adhesive, with the same aging conditions. A combined surface treatment of sanding, degreasing and chemical etching showed the best durability, whereas a treatment using an additional sulphuric anodic oxidation showed the best adhesion before aging. Aging decreased the strength and the critical strain energy release rate of bonded joints by 30–70%. Joint design with a finite element calculation using a cohesive failure law at the interface, accounting for surface treatment, aging effects and safety factors, can thus be performed, from a limited set of experimental values.
This study was conducted from 2008 to 2013 to determine the animal health status of Ivory Coast and neighboring countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo and Benin) for African swine fever (ASF) and ...classical swine fever (CSF), and to assess the risk factors for ASF introduction in Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast had probably been free from ASF from 1998 to 2014 when it was re-introduced in this country. However, the ASF virus was found in all neighboring countries. In contrast, no evidence of CSF infection was found so far in Ivory Coast and neighboring countries. To assess the risk of ASF reintroduction in Ivory Coast, we surveyed 59 modern pig farms, and 169 pig owners in 19 villages and in two towns. For the village livestock, the major risk factor was the high frequency of pig exchanges with Burkinabe villages. In the commercial sector, many inadequate management practices were observed with respect to ASF. Their identification should enable farmers and other stakeholders to implement a training and prevention program to reduce the introduction risk of ASF in their farms.
Semi-impregnated fabrics, or semipregs, are fabrics alternating dry and resin impregnated areas along the fibre bed surface. Due to their increased initial through thickness permeability to gas flow, ...these could constitute an alternative to prepreg in the skins of vacuum-bagged honeycomb sandwich structures, reducing the pressure in the honeycomb. The semipreg through thickness air permeability before cure is measured and is approximately three orders of magnitude higher than that of a unidirectional prepreg impregnated with the same resin. A model is proposed for the air permeability change during cure, as dry areas get infiltrated. Due to resin pouring inside the honeycomb cells, this type of semipreg is viable as a skin only if combined with a material that has low permeability to resin, e.g., a prepreg.
Purpose
Rosuvastatin disposition is modulated by the expression and activity of several membrane transporters including BCRP (ABCG2). The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of ...pantoprazole, a previously proposed BCRP inhibitor, on the disposition of rosuvastatin.
Methods
The impact of pantoprazole (40 mg ID for 2 days) on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics was evaluated in healthy volunteers (
n
= 16) who received a single oral dose of rosuvastatin (10 mg) either alone or with pantoprazole. Rosuvastatin,
N
-desmethylrosuvastatin, and rosuvastatin lactone levels were quantified in plasma while rosuvastatin and
N
-desmethylrosuvastatin excretion were measured in urine.
Results
Ratios and 90 % standard confidence interval of geometric means for
C
max
(1.03 0.91–1.16), AUC
0–∞
(1.03 0.89–1.19) and renal clearance (0.96 0.85–1.09) were all within the pre-specified range of 0.8–1.25, indicating a lack of drug-drug interaction between pantoprazole and rosuvastatin.
Conclusions
Concomitant administration of pantoprazole with rosuvastatin did not affect rosuvastatin plasma concentrations. The use of pantoprazole as a BCRP inhibitor should be revisited when characterizing BCRP-mediated transport in humans.
Two resin transfer moulding (RTM) processes have been examined for automotive body-in-white (BIW) structures. An epoxy system was compared with a novel reactive polyamide 12 (PA12) system via ...characterisation of reaction kinetics and the production of carbon fibre floor pan quadrant demonstrators incorporating typical geometrical features. Cost modelling tools were used to compare the two RTM variants for full floor-pan production at volumes of 12,500–60,000 parts per year. A 22% increase occurred for the standard TP-RTM cycle versus the epoxy system, principally due to thermal cycling of the tool that dominated the in-mould cycle time. Study of alternate preforming strategies showed that a reduction in non-crimp fabric scrap yielded major cost savings.
Summary
The performance of Whatman 3‐MM filter papers for the collection, drying, shipment and long‐term storage of blood at ambient temperature, and for the detection of African swine fever virus ...and antibodies was assessed. Conventional and real‐time PCR, viral isolation and antibody detection by ELISA were performed on paired samples (blood/tissue versus dried‐blood 3‐MM filter papers) collected from experimentally infected pigs and from farm pigs in Madagascar and Côte d'Ivoire. 3‐MM filter papers were used directly in the conventional and real‐time PCR without previous extraction of nucleic acids. Tests that performed better with 3‐MM filter papers were in descending order: virus isolation, real‐time UPL PCR and conventional PCR. The analytical sensitivity of real‐time UPL PCR on filter papers was similar to conventional testing (virus isolation or conventional PCR) on organs or blood. In addition, blood‐dried filter papers were tested in ELISA for antibody detection and the observed sensitivity was very close to conventional detection on serum samples and gave comparable results. Filter papers were stored up to 9 months at 20–25°C and for 2 months at 37°C without significant loss of sensitivity for virus genome detection. All tests on 3‐MM filter papers had 100% specificity compared to the gold standards. Whatman 3‐MM filter papers have the advantage of being cheap and of preserving virus viability for future virus isolation and characterization. In this study, Whatman 3‐MM filter papers proved to be a suitable support for the collection, storage and use of blood in remote areas of tropical countries without the need for a cold chain and thus provide new possibilities for antibody testing and virus isolation.
Non-autoclave processing of honeycomb sandwich structures generally leads to poor compaction and high porosity of the skins, along with a decreased skin–core adhesion. The pressure level inside the ...honeycomb cells plays an important role and is controlled by the permeability to air of the skins. In this work, an initial range of skin permeability to air was explored by perforating the prepregs and adhesive layer selectively. The role of the resulting pressure inside the honeycomb on skin–core adhesion and skin quality was evaluated. Prepreg air permeability was found to control skin–core adhesion through the pressure in the honeycomb and potential outgassing of the adhesive layer. An optimal range of initial pressure inside the honeycomb was found to be 40–70
kPa. A universal process window was proposed to determine the time frame of vacuum application leading to an optimal initial honeycomb pressure level.
We report results on the development of an innovative fast-curing coupling method using a UV-curable epoxy primer based on a cycloaliphatic di-epoxide resin to bond metallic wires and a thermoplastic ...polyurethane matrix. The curing kinetics of the primer and its mechanical properties were analysed to optimize the formulation. Adhesion and durability were then tested by pull-out tests before and after hydrothermal ageing for several formulations and composites. The proposed UV-curable primer outperformed a conventional surface treatment and a thermally cured silane primer used for comparison in terms of processing time, adhesion and durability.
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