The aim of this project was to evaluate effects of backpacks with different design intended for use during cycling on skin-close temperature and relative humidity, oxygen uptake, heart rate and ...aerodynamic drag. Seven subjects took part in the study cycling on a mountain bike mounted on a “smart trainer” placed on a force plate in a wind tunnel. Three series of experiments were carried out: without backpack, with conventional backpack and with a backpack having innovative rear panel design. As hypothesized, the results showed that an innovatively designed backpack with the ducts deflecting part of the airflow towards some areas of the user’s back provided lower temperature and relative humidity for the microclimate compared to a conventional backpack without airflow channels. Further, reference tests without any backpack resulted in the lowest temperature and humidity. However, no differences were found between the three tests for oxygen uptake, heart rate and aerodynamic drag.
Abstract
Cervical cancer screening, which was introduced into the programme of medical care covered by statutory health insurance in Germany in 1971 and has since been constantly updated through
...quality assurance measures, was fundamentally revised and developed in 2008 through the Cervical Cytology Quality Assurance Agreement pursuant to Section 135(2) of the German Social Code
Book V SGB V. Since 2015 it has been mandatory for cytology facilities to record annual statistics based on the Munich Nomenclature III. The aim of this article is to present the results
of the annual statistics for 2019, which was the last year before the introduction of the cervical cancer screening programme in accordance with the Federal Joint Committee’s guideline on
organised cancer screening programmes 1.
The annual statistics of the laboratories, including histology analyses performed up until 30 June the following year, are reported to the Regional Associations of Statutory Health
Insurance Physicians. The laboratories receive benchmark reports from their Regional Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians, and these statistics are transmitted anonymously
to the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (KBV).
In 2019, 17609082 smears from 15608413 women were examined in Germany. Of these smears, 97.49% were normal and 2.51% showed atypical or suspicious changes, consisting mostly of minor
squamous epithelial changes in groups II-p (0.81%) and IIID1 (0.735%).
Histology specimens are available for “Dysplasia findings with higher probability of regression” in group IIID1 (4.89% of initial IIID1 cytology findings), group IIID2 (18.60%), “unclear
or doubtful findings” in group III-p to x (20.7%), and “immediate precursors to cervical carcinoma” in group IV (83.1%) and group V (77.19%).
In the cytology findings for group IVa-p, which corresponds to CIN 3 target lesions, the cytology correlated with the histology finding in 80.48% of cases.
Lesions found in 2019: 23463 CIN 3 lesions, 668 adenocarcinomas in situ, 3891 malignant tumours, including 2342 cervical carcinomas of which 1743 were squamous cell carcinomas and 599
were cervical adenocarcinomas (25.57%); 1549 endometrial carcinomas and other malignancies.
The data demonstrate the good practicability of cervical cancer screening in 2019. Higher grade lesions were reliably clarified histologically.
Zusammenfassung
Die Früherkennung des Zervixkarzinoms, eingeführt 1971 in die vertragsärztliche Versorgung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und durch Maßnahmen zur Qualitätssicherung immer wieder
aktualisiert, wurde 2008 durch die Qualitätssicherungsvereinbarung Zervix-Zytologie nach § 135 Absatz 2 Sozialgesetzbuch V grundlegend überarbeitet und weiterentwickelt. Die
obligatorischen Jahresstatistiken sind von den zytologischen Einrichtungen seit 2015 verbindlich nach der Münchner Nomenklatur III anzufertigen. Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung von
Ergebnissen aus der Jahresstatistik 2019, dem letzten Jahr vor Einführung des Programms zur Früherkennung des Zervixkarzinoms nach der Richtlinie des G-BA für organisierte
Krebsfrüherkennungsprogramme 1.
Die Jahresstatistiken der Laboratorien werden mit Einbeziehung der bis 30. Juni des Folgejahres erfolgten Histologien den Landes-KVen gemeldet. Die Laboratorien erhalten von ihren KVen
hierzu Benchmarkberichte, diese Statistiken werden anonymisiert an die Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV) weitergeleitet.
2019 wurden in Deutschland 17609082 Abstriche von 15608413 Frauen untersucht. 97,49% der Abstriche waren unverdächtig, 2,51% auffällig, darunter überwiegend geringfügige
plattenepitheliale Veränderungen der Gruppen II-p (0,81%) und IIID1 (0,735%).
Histologien liegen vor bei „intraepithelialen Veränderungen mit größerer Regressionsneigung“ Gruppe IIID1 (4,89% der zytologischen IIID1-Ausgangsbefunde), IIID2 (18,60%), bei „unklaren
bzw. zweifelhaften Befunde“ der Gruppe III-p bis x (20,7%), bei „unmittelbaren Vorstadien des Zervixkarzinoms“ der Gruppe IV (83,1%) und bei der Gruppe V (77,19%).
Bei den zytologischen Befunden der Gruppe IVa-p, welche die Zielläsion einer CIN 3 abbildet, korreliert die Zytologie mit dem histologischen Befund in 80,48% der Fälle.
2019 gefundene Läsionen: 23463 CIN 3, 668 Adenocarcinoma in situ, 3891 maligne Tumoren, darunter 2342 Zervixkarzinome, davon 1743 Plattenepithelkarzinome sowie 599 Zervixadenokarzinome
(25,57%); 1549 Endometriumkarzinome und sonstige Malignome.
Die Daten zeigen die gute Praktikabilität der Früherkennung des Zervixkarzinoms im Jahr 2019. Höhergradige Läsionen wurden zuverlässig abgeklärt.
BackgroundCervical cancer screening, which was introduced into the programme of medical care covered by statutory health insurance in Germany in 1971 and has since been constantly updated through ...quality assurance measures, was fundamentally revised and developed in 2008 through the Cervical Cytology Quality Assurance Agreement pursuant to Section 135(2) of the German Social Code Book V SGB V. Since 2015 it has been mandatory for cytology facilities to record annual statistics based on the Munich Nomenclature III. The aim of this article is to present the results of the annual statistics for 2019, which was the last year before the introduction of the cervical cancer screening programme in accordance with the Federal Joint Committee's guideline on organised cancer screening programmes 1 .Materials and MethodsThe annual statistics of the laboratories, including histology analyses performed up until 30 June the following year, are reported to the Regional Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians. The laboratories receive benchmark reports from their Regional Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians, and these statistics are transmitted anonymously to the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians (KBV).ResultsIn 2019, 17609082 smears from 15608413 women were examined in Germany. Of these smears, 97.49% were normal and 2.51% showed atypical or suspicious changes, consisting mostly of minor squamous epithelial changes in groups II-p (0.81%) and IIID1 (0.735%).Histology specimens are available for "Dysplasia findings with higher probability of regression" in group IIID1 (4.89% of initial IIID1 cytology findings), group IIID2 (18.60%), "unclear or doubtful findings" in group III-p to x (20.7%), and "immediate precursors to cervical carcinoma" in group IV (83.1%) and group V (77.19%).In the cytology findings for group IVa-p, which corresponds to CIN 3 target lesions, the cytology correlated with the histology finding in 80.48% of cases.Lesions found in 2019: 23463 CIN 3 lesions, 668 adenocarcinomas in situ, 3891 malignant tumours, including 2342 cervical carcinomas of which 1743 were squamous cell carcinomas and 599 were cervical adenocarcinomas (25.57%); 1549 endometrial carcinomas and other malignancies.Inference/ConclusionThe data demonstrate the good practicability of cervical cancer screening in 2019. Higher grade lesions were reliably clarified histologically.
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear transcription factors thought to act as receptors for polyunsaturated fatty acids and to reduce production of series 2 ...prostaglandins (PG). The objectives of the current study were to characterize PPAR expression and the prostaglandin synthetic activity of cultured bovine endometrial cells in response to known PPAR ligands, as well as to key stimulators and inhibitors of series 2 prostaglandin secretion. PPARα and PPARδ, but not PPARγ, mRNAs are expressed in the BEND cell line regardless of treatment. Under resting conditions, PPARα mRNA levels increase in response to growth hormone (
P
<
0.05). In cells stimulated with PdBu, growth hormone depresses PPARα mRNA levels, regardless of whether cells also are treated with IFNτ. In contrast, PPARδ mRNA levels are increased by exposure to PdBu, eicosapentanoic acid and IFNτ, and these effects are additive. PPAR mRNA levels are not predictive of prostaglandin accumulation. Agonist activation of PPARα, PPARδ or PPARγ augments PdBu-induced increases in prostaglandin H synthase-2 mRNA and media accumulation of prostaglandins F
2α and E
2. Treatment with the PPARα/δ agonist carbaprostacyclin, but not the PPARα agonist Wy14643 or PPARγ agonist ciglitazone, completely reverses the IFNτ suppression of prostaglandin synthesis. In conclusion, PPARα and PPARδ function in the response of bovine endometrium to growth hormone and long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The agrarian diagnosis carried out in four small agricultural regions in the Adour-Garonne basin with contrasting water resources shows that irrigation has played an important role in agricultural ...development, helping to maintain employment and certain sectors, and even developing them. This positive role is particularly noticeable in regions where access to water is secure and where high value-added contract crops have been established. Where resources are limited, access to water is uneven and the opportunities for exploiting water are more limited. In these regions, maize irrigation is tending to give way to new uses of water, opening the way for reflection on the adaptation of irrigated systems to climate change.
ResumenEl diagnóstico agrario de cuatro pequeñas regiones agrícolas de la cuenca Adur-Garona con recursos hídricos contrastados demuestra que el regadío ha desempeñado un papel importante en el desarrollo de la agricultura, contribuyendo al mantenimiento del empleo y de determinados sectores, e incluso a su desarrollo. Este papel positivo es especialmente notable en las regiones donde el acceso al agua es seguro y donde se ha establecido una agricultura contractual de alto valor añadido. Allí donde los recursos son limitados, el acceso al agua es desigual y las posibilidades de explotación son más limitadas. En estas regiones, el regadío del maíz tiende a dar paso a nuevas formas de utilizar el agua, lo que abre la vía a la reflexión sobre cómo adaptar los sistemas de regadío al cambio climático.
Le diagnostic agraire de quatre petites régions agricoles du bassin Adour-Garonne aux ressources en eau contrastées montre que l'irrigation a joué un rôle important dans le développement agricole en contribuant au maintien de l'emploi et de certaines filières, voire leur développement. Ce rôle positif est particulièrement sensible dans les régions où l'accès à l'eau est sécurisé et où des cultures contractuelles à forte valeur ajoutée ont pu être mises en place. Là où les ressources sont limitées, l'accès à l'eau est inégal et les possibilités de valoriser l'eau plus restreintes. L'irrigation du maïs tend à céder la place dans ces régions à de nouvelles utilisations de l'eau qui ouvrent la voie à la réflexion sur l'adaptation des systèmes irrigués au changement climatique.
Decors exotiques et des corps abimes. Fleau mondial en plein essor, le tourisme sexuel s'accommode parfaitement de l'esprit du capitalisme et de l'attrait de la societe de consommation, en ...particulier de la civilisation des loisirs. Un veritable tourisme sexuel de masse tend a se developper sur fond d'inegalites economiques et sociales mais egalement de miseres educatives et affectives. L'industrie des corps defile sur le marche international du sexe et le tourisme, fermant souvent les yeux sur le rentable trafic humain, voisine alors avec la prostitution et la pornographie, complements incontournables de la mondialisation sexuelle en cours. Forme de recolonisation du Sud par le Nord, le tourisme sexuel - ou plutot les tourismes sexuels tant les formes et les impacts sont variables - autorise avec la benediction de la corruption politique et du tout-liberalisme, toutes les exploitations et toutes les humiliations. Les femmes du Sud et de l'Est en sont les premieres victimes, les plus nombreuses aussi. Avocats de la mondialisation economique, les industries du voyage et du sexe partagent decidement beaucoup d'interets dans la rapide transformation du monde en gigantesque parc de loisirs, voire d'aire de jeux sexuels. Cet ouvrage prsente l'univers, souvent tabou, des tourismes sexuels avec ses dpendances et ses trafics, ses heurs et ses malheurs, ses liens troits ou non avec la prostitution, et sa terrible entreprise de mystification de la femme sans oublier la marchandisation du corps fantasm. Une partie importante du livre est consacre la situation dans le continent asiatique, terre o le tourisme sexuel s'est dvelopp dans des proportions dramatiques, enrichissant les tats et les nantis sur le dos des plus pauvres, et d'abord des femmes et des enfants. C'est aussi en Asie que les strotypes et les clichs entretenus par les mdias, tant propos des cultures locales qu' l'gard des femmes autochtones, sont les plus ancrs dans l'histoire et les plus tenaces dans l'imaginaire occidental. Tout au long de cet essai, l'aide d'exemples concrets tant en Asie qu'ailleurs, notre premier souci est d'informer puis, si possible, d'encourager d'autres comportements, la fois touristiques et citoyens, l'gard des autres en gnral et de nos htes en particulier.
En el control de enfermedades infecciosas resulta esencial usar modelos epidemiológicos, sin embargo, existen herramientas que permiten el monitoreo y control estadístico de la transmisión de este ...tipo de enfermedad en el tiempo. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue proporcionar un análisis de la dinámica diaria de transmisión de la COVID-19 en Cuba mediante dos cartas de control, basadas en un modelo probabilístico fundamentado en las distribuciones binomial y Poisson. Los dos métodos se aplicaron, utilizando los reportes diarios publicados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública, a un proceso cuya variable en estudio es de atributos y con poca información sobre su estabilidad. Las cartas aplicadas fueron clave para mejorar la estabilidad del proceso, en la medida en que se detectaron, identificaron y sugirió la eliminación de causas especiales para reducir la variación; y en el monitoreo para asegurar que las mejoras a generarse se puedan conservar. Palabras clave: control estadístico; cartas de control; atributos; covid- 19. ABSTRACT In the control of infectious diseases it is essential to use epidemiological models; however, there are tools that allow monitoring and statistical control of the transmission of this type of disease over time. The objective of this research work was to provide an analysis of the daily dynamics of COVID-19 transmission in Cuba through two control charts, based on a probabilistic model based on the binomial and Poisson distributions. The two methods were applied, using the daily reports published by the Ministry of Public Health, to a process whose variable under study is attributes type and with little information on its stability. The applied charts were key to improve the stability of the process, insofar as they were detected, identified and suggested the elimination of special causes to reduce the variation; and in monitoring to ensure that the improvements to be generated can be preserved. Keywords: statistical control; control charts; attributes; covid-19.
Protein expression is increased by optimization of human measles virus (HMV) & canine distemper virus (CDV) nucleoprotein (N) gene to human or canine codon usage bias (CUB) and decreased by ...suboptimization. Six leucine codons were all replaced by CTG in human CUB optimized N gene constructs and by CTG & CTC in canine CUB optimized N gene constructs. For CUB suboptimized N gene constructs only CTT coded for leucine. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of synonymous leucine codon changes. Protein expression from human & canine CUB optimized constructs in which CTG was replaced with CTT was compared using flow cytometry to that from WT, human & canine CUB optimized versions. Protein expression from CUB suboptimized versions with CTT changed to CTG was also compared to that from unmodified constructs. Human & canine CUB optimized CTT versions of the HMV N gene had significantly decreased protein production, with expression from the CTT canine CUB optimized construct the most suppressed. Replacing CTG with CTT in the human optimized CDV N gene constructs decreased the level of protein expression, while changing CTG to CTT in the canine optimized CDV N gene construct did not significantly change the level of protein expression. Protein expression from the CTT modified suboptimized CDV N gene construct was significantly increased compared to that from the unmodified suboptimized version. These results indicate that synonymous changes in specific leucine codons can significantly impact morbilliviral protein production in ways that vary with the virus and the context in which they occur.
Support or Funding Information
The project depicted was sponsored by the Department of Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the federal government, and no official endorsement should be inferred
This is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.
The purpose of this study was to characterize protein expression from constructs of the MV polymerase (L) gene optimized to human and canine codon usage bias (CUB). All codon changes made were ...synonymous in that the amino acid coded for was unchanged. Four constructs of the MV L gene were transfected into human (HEK 293) and canine (A‐72) cells: 1) human CUB optimized, 2) canine CUB optimized, 3) human CUB sub‐optimized, and 4) wild type (WT). Protein expression from transfected cells was assessed using fluorescent labeling and Cellomic analysis. Human cells transfected with constructs of the MV L gene optimized to human or canine CUB had increased expression compared to cells containing WT or sub‐optimized constructs. In contrast there was no difference in the levels of protein expression in canine cells transfected with the MV L gene constructs. These results complete analysis of the effects of human and canine CUB optimization on protein expression from MV genes. Overall these studies indicate that synonymous codon changes in viral nucleic acid sequences can alter protein expression in a variety of ways, some of which are likely to impact viral pathogenicity.
Support or Funding Information
The project depicted was sponsored by the Department of Defense Threat Reduction Agency. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the federal government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
This is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.
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