This paper shows up a work developed in the county of Benguela, Republic of Angola. As case matter, it was considering the Statistical Applied discipline that it is imparting in ISCED of Benguela. To ...determine the present state of their empiric teaching-learning process (interviews, pedagogic tests) and statistical methods they used. This paper pretend to show how to carry out the quantitative study, applying statistical tools one variable and multivariate as the Analysis of Main Components for Categorical Data, which allowed to verify the indicators (variables) that more weight had in the valuations emitted by the students in the instruments. KEYWORDS: Applied statistic, variable in study, Analysis of Main Components for Categorical Data (CATPCA) MSC: 62P20 El trabajo que se presenta se desarrolló en la provincia de Benguela, República de Angola. Como caso particular, se consideró la disciplina Estadística Aplicada que se imparte en el ISCED de Benguela. Para determinar el estado actual de su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se utilizaron métodos empíricos (encuesta y pruebas pedagógicas) y estadísticos. Este trabajo pretende mostrar cómo realizar el estudio cuantitativo aplicando herramientas estadísticas univariadas y multivariadas como el Análisis de Componentes Principales para Datos Categóricos, el cual permitió constatar los indicadores (variables) que más peso tuvieron en las valoraciones emitidas por los estudiantes en los instrumentos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Estadística aplicada, variable de estudio, Análisis de Componentes Principales para variables Categóricas(CATPCA)
This work proposes the design and development and validation of the mobile application Tsɨɨmene: aimed at preserving and rescuing the Bora language in times of pandemic, which currently faces ...extinction problems due to the few existing speakers. This work was carried out in the town of San Joaquín de Omaguas, located 64 km from the city of Iquitos. The application of the mobile device was carried out through traditional and experimental methodology in which the application was used. It has been validated that the use of a mobile application is more effective than traditional teaching, mainly in the learning of a native language.
Autotransporters form a large family of outer membrane proteins specifying diverse biological traits of Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a ...novel autotransporter gene product of Burkholderia mallei (locus tag BMA1027 in strain ATCC 23344).
Database searches identified the gene in at least seven B. mallei isolates and the encoded proteins were found to be 84% identical. Inactivation of the gene encoding the autotransporter in the genome of strain ATCC 23344 substantially reduces adherence to monolayers of HEp-2 laryngeal cells and A549 type II pneumocytes, as well as to cultures of normal human bronchial epithelium (NHBE). Consistent with these findings, expression of the autotransporter on the surface of recombinant E. coli bacteria increases adherence to these cell types by 5-7 fold. The gene specifying the autotransporter was identified in the genome of 29 B. pseudomallei isolates and disruption of the gene in strain DD503 reduced adherence to NHBE cultures by 61%. Unlike B. mallei, the mutation did not impair binding of B. pseudomallei to A549 or HEp-2 cells. Analysis of sera from mice infected via the aerosol route with B. mallei and B. pseudomallei revealed that animals inoculated with as few as 10 organisms produce antibodies against the autotransporter, therefore indicating expression in vivo.
Our data demonstrate that we have identified an autotransporter protein common to the pathogenic species B. mallei and B. pseudomallei which mediates adherence to respiratory epithelial cells and is expressed in vivo during the course of aerosol infection.
Basic transcription element binding (BTEB1) protein is one of at least 20 Sp/KLF family members that function as transcriptional activators or repressors by binding to GC/GT-rich sequences within ...target genes to influence cellular homeostasis in mammals. Previously, we demonstrated that increased expression of BTEB1 in a human endometrial epithelial cell line Hec-1-A resulted in serum dependent-enhanced proliferation, which was accompanied by heightened expression of cell cycle- and growth-associated genes. In the present study, we examined the mechanism underlying the altered proliferative potential associated with BTEB1 by the identification of additional BTEB1 downstream gene targets and by the demonstration of BTEB1 transactivation of promoters for a number of growth-associated genes. Using mRNA differential display in the analysis of RNA populations from Hec-1-A sublines with high (4S, 9S) and low (2As, 3As) BTEB1 cellular content, we identified 10 distinct differentially expressed transcripts, nine of which had higher levels in S than in As sublines. The expression levels of two of these cDNAs, Axl receptor tyrosine kinase and mitosin, whose encoded products are implicated in cellular proliferation, were modestly induced by serum, albeit in a BTEB1-independent manner. Moreover, insulin-like growth factor-I, a mitogen present in serum, had no significant effect on their expression in either subline. In transient reporter assays, the basal activities of the Axl gene promoter and those for two other growth-regulatory genes, namely p21(WAF1) and IGFBP-2, were increased by serum and were significantly higher in 4S than in 2As lines. However, while BTEB1 and its ubiquitous family member Sp1 increased basal p21(WAF1) and IGFBP-2 transcription when added as expression constructs in the parental Hec-1-A cell line, only Sp1 activated Axl transcription, despite the presence in all three gene promoters of GC-enriched regions that presumably can bind BTEB1 and Sp1 with similar affinities. To elucidate intracellular signaling pathways that might involve BTEB1, inhibitors of specific kinase-dependent transducers were used in transient transfection assays involving the IGFBP-2 gene promoter in 4S and 2As sublines. While inhibitors of the MAPK, PI-3K, and PKA pathways elicited similar effects on the IGFBP-2 gene promoter activity, irrespective of cellular BTEB1 content, that for JNK had a more pronounced effect on Hec-1-A sublines exhibiting higher BTEB1 expression levels. Taken together, the results suggest that BTEB1 mediates the expression of growth-associated genes through direct and indirect transactivation mechanisms, one of which may involve the participation of a JNK family member.
This review study focuses on knee injuries in recreational alpine skiing. The objectives of this study were (1) to provide selected knowledge derived from current and past knee injury epidemiology; ...(2) to outline the most important knee injury mechanisms; and (3) to review and discuss how modifications of the skiing equipment might alleviate the risk of knee injuries. This review represents the essence of a comprehensive research report and considers the content of more than 230 scientific papers, further “grey literature”, patents, international standards and other publications. Knee injuries are the most frequent injuries in alpine skiing and their incidence rate remained high despite a decline of the incidence of other skiing injuries in recent years. Women have a higher knee injury risk, but age and tiredness appear not to be significant factors. Apart from the commonly described injury mechanisms “phantom foot” and “boot-induced anterior drawer” other more sophisticated injury categorisations are given. The ski radius, the ski length and the standing height on the ski may be relevant ski parameters. For the binding, the release mechanisms in different mechanical degrees of freedom, the impact tolerance and the maintenance frequency are discussed. In the ski boot, the height of the upper, the boot liner, the shaft stiffness, and the position on the ski may play a role. The biggest challenge, but probably also the biggest opportunity for a reduction of knee injury rates seems to be the development of a mechatronic binding. The current strategies to develop these types of bindings are explained and illustrated by one example. Some of the possible parameters which may be essential for the necessary control algorithms are described. Finally, considerations regarding the strategic and operational implication of the analysed technical measures are given.
Burkholderia mallei causes the highly contagious and debilitating zoonosis glanders, which infects via inhalation or percutaneous inoculation and often culminates in life-threatening pneumonia and ...sepsis. In humans, glanders is difficult to diagnose and requires prolonged antibiotic therapy with low success rates. No vaccine exists to protect against B. mallei, and there is concern regarding its use as a bioweapon. The authors previously identified the protein BpaB as a potential target for devising therapies due to its role in adherence to host cells and the formation of biofilms in vitro and its contribution to pathogenicity in a mouse model of glanders. In the present study, the authors developed an immunostaining approach to probe tissues of experimentally infected animals and demonstrated that BpaB is produced exclusively in vivo by wild-type B. mallei in target organs from mice and marmosets. They detected the expression of BpaB by B. mallei both extracellularly and within macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells in respiratory tissues (7/10 marmoset; 2/2 mouse). The authors also noted the intracellular expression of BpaB by B. mallei in macrophages in the regional lymph nodes of mice (2/2 tissues) and MALT of marmosets (4/5 tissues). It is interesting that B. mallei bacteria infecting distal organs did not express BpaB (2/2 mice; 3/3 marmosets), suggesting that the protein is not necessary for bacterial fitness in these anatomic locations. These findings underscore the value of BpaB as a target for developing medical countermeasures and provide insight into its role in pathogenesis.
En el trabajo se exponen algunas características de los diseños experimentales en la investigación educativa. Se explican distintas tipologías de los diseños pre-experimentales, tales como el diseño ...de solo pos prueba con un grupo, el de pre prueba- pos prueba con un grupo y el de solo pos prueba con dos grupos no equivalentes. Para el diseño pre-experimental de pre prueba- pos prueba con un grupo se presenta un ejemplo práctico con los datos de campo de una investigación educativa aplicada. También se destaca la importancia, en el mencionado ejemplo, de la utilización de herramientas estadísticas tanto descriptivas univariables como la prueba de los signos como dócima de una muestra medida dos veces y obtenida por medio de pares replicados en este tipo de diseño pre-experimental, para poder constatar que la intervención de una metodología elaborada, sustentada en el enfoque desarrollador y en la enseñanza basada en la resolución de problemas, contribuye a provocar cambios positivos al estado actual del desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento geométrico espacial en estudiantes de la educación preuniversitaria en la provincia de La Habana.
An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, of 93 children aged 1-4 years registered in 5 non-state daycare houses in Sueño neighborhood of Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January ...to May, 2017, with the objective of identifying the risk factors which influenced in the oral illnesses that they presented. To collect the information a schedule was made for this aim and an inquiry to parents and children was carried out, besides the oral examination to the last ones. Among the risk factors the cariogenic diet (96.7 %), followed by the use of the baby bottle (59.1 %) prevailed; also, the malocclusion turned out to be the most frequent disorder, mainly the increased prominence and the open bite. Although the patients without disorders prevailed, they were exposed to these factors. Therefore, it should be insisted in the previous diagnosis of malocclusions to minimize or to avoid their negative impact on the health of the children.
Desarrollar el pensamiento geométrico espacial en los estudiantes de la educación preuniversitaria en Cuba, como uno de los componentes del pensamiento matemático, es un imperativo en el proceso de ...enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Matemática en este nivel educativo. La mayoría de los estudiantes que promueven al duodécimo grado e incluso los que cursan la educación superior, en no pocas ocasiones, presentan dificultades en demostrar que poseen algún desarrollo de las habilidades relacionadas con el pensamiento geométrico espacial. En este trabajo, a partir del análisis crítico de investigaciones de diferentes autores sobre el tema, así como de la utilización de métodos tales como: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, encuesta, análisis de frecuencias, dócimas de bondad de ajuste para una población como pruebas de significación estadística; se realizó un estudio exploratorio de la situación actual del desarrollo de las habilidades del pensamiento geométrico espacial en los estudiantes y profesores de la asignatura Matemática del Instituto Preuniversitario Urbano “Mártires del Porvenir” del municipio de Diez de Octubre en la provincia de La Habana. Estos resultados obtenidos permitieron realizar varias reflexiones que arrojaron inconsistencias tanto en estos estudiantes como en sus profesores en el ya mencionado nivel educativo en el Sistema Nacional de Educación en la República de Cuba. ABSTRACT Developing spatial geometric thinking in students of Pre-University education in Cuba, as one of the components of mathematical thinking, is an imperative in the teaching-learning process of the mathematics subject at this level educational. The majority of students who promoted to twelfth grade and even those who are studying higher education, not infrequently, present difficulties in demonstrating that they possess some development skills related to spatial geometric thinking. In this work, from the critical analysis of research of different authors on the subject, as well as the use of methods such as: analytical - synthetic, inductive - deductive , survey, analysis of frequency, goodness of fit for a docimas population as tests of statistical significance; was an exploratory study of the current situation of the development of the spatial geometric thinking skills in students and teachers of the subject mathematics of the urban pre-University Institute "Martyrs of el Porvenir" of the municipality of 10 October in the province of Havana. These results allowed to make several reflections which showed inconsistencies in these students and their teachers in the aforementioned level of education in the national education system in the Republic of Cuba. KEY WORDS: spatial geometric thinking, abilities of spatial geometric thinking, development of skills.
The uterus during early pregnancy synthesizes a complex array of signaling molecules with specific spatial and temporal modes of expression and which are critical for embryo implantation and ...subsequent development. The mechanism(s) underlying the differential pattern of synthesis of these pregnancy-associated proteins is not understood very well. The present study evaluated the expression and trans-activation potential of the transcription factor Sp1 in the early pregnancy porcine endometrium to determine its temporal and functional association with the endometrial epithelial-specific genes encoding the transplacental iron-transport protein uteroferrin (UF) and an Sp-family member, basic transcription element-binding (BTEB) protein. Two identical Sp1 clones (717 bp) were isolated from a porcine endometrial cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequence of these clones encodes a partial protein sequence of 238 amino acids encompassing the Zn-finger region and had significant identities with the corresponding regions in the rat and human proteins. By using a specific antibody raised against human Sp1, porcine endometrial Sp1 was found to exhibit a molecular weight of 110 kDa, was localized predominantly in the nuclei of glandular and luminal epithelial cells, and appeared to exist as a phosphorylated protein. Northern blot analysis demonstrated three distinct size transcripts of approximately 3.5, 5, and 8 kb for endometrial Sp1. The expression of Sp1 mRNA and protein, determined by RT-PCR and by its ability to bind Sp1 consensus motif in gel mobility shift assays, respectively, overlapped with, but did not parallel that of UF mRNA during early pregnancy. The effect of increased Sp1 expression on UF gene promoter activity was examined using a human Sp1 expression vector that was transiently transfected into primary cultures of pig endometrial glandular epithelial cells. Sp1 increased (
P<0.05) the promoter activities of various UF promoter-Luciferase reporter constructs by 2 to 4-fold, over those transfected with empty expression vector. Co-transfection of a BTEB expression vector with the Sp1 expression vector modified the effect of Sp1 on UF promoter activity in the shortest construct. These results suggest that Sp1 mediates the regulation of endometrial epithelial gene expression during pregnancy, and that this function is likely altered in vivo by co-expression of other family members, including BTEB.
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