El derrocamiento de Slobodan Milošević representó un hito democrático para la sociedad serbia. Detrás de la revolución se encuentra el movimiento Otpor!, una organización formada por estudiantes que ...logró empujar a la oposición a crear un frente común contra el ex presidente serbio. Este artículo, recurriendo a la metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, intenta explicar que la movilización social no es una expresión de madurez democrática, ni tampoco Otpor! es un reflejo de una sociedad comprometida civilmente. El éxito de Otpor! como aglutinador de la diversidad política es producto de un cúmulo de circunstancias, que determinan la estructura de oportunidad política: el aislamiento del gobierno, un mal cálculo político de Milošević, y un pacto entre las líneas conservadoras del régimen y la oposición. La perspectiva histórica permite desvalorar la influencia de Otpor!, tanto por las controversias generadas por la intervención de EE.UU., como por su irrelevancia como referente político en la consecución de una sociedad civil serbia tras el fin del régimen de Milošević.
Desde el derrocamiento en octubre del 2000 de Slobodan Milošević, la movilización social y crítica en Serbia fue casi inexistente. La sociedad civil quedó reducida a la actividad de las ONG. Otros ...actores sociales, como los sindicatos, asociaciones y movimientos sociales, no tuvieron ningún protagonismo. Incluso a partir de la crisis económica del año 2008, que afectó a toda la región a partir de 2009, se establecieron las condiciones para el conflicto social en algunas ex repúblicas yugoslavas, y, efectivamente, hubo movimientos de protesta en Eslovenia, Croacia, Bosnia-Herzegovina y Macedonia. En el caso de Serbia, tendría que llegar una nueva generación post-yugoslava y la demolición ilegal de unos edificios de la calle Hercegovačka, en Belgrado, en 2016, para que una iniciativa, el movimiento Ne da(vi)mo Beograd, cambiara los patrones de acción política en las calles serbias y abriera un nuevo período de confrontación social contra las élites, luchando contra el proyecto urbanístico Belgrade Waterfront y sus responsables políticos.
Des de la caiguda a l’octubre de l’any 2000 de Slobodan Milosevic, la mobilització social i crítica a Sèrbia va ser quasi inexistent. La societat civil va quedar reduïda a l’activitat de les ONG. ...Altres actors socials, com els sindicats, associacions i moviments socials, no van tenir ningun protagonisme. A partir de la crisi econòmica de l’any 2008, que va afectar a tota la regió a partir del 2009, es van establir les condicions per al conflicte social a algunes repúbliques de l’ex-Iugoslàvia, i efectivament, hi van haver moviments de protesta a Eslovènia, Croàcia, Bòsnia i Herzegovina i Macedònia. En el cas de Sèrvia, hauria d’arribar una nova generació post-Iugoslava i la demolició il·legal d’alguns edificis del carrer Hercegovanka, a Belgrad, al 2016, per a que una iniciativa, el moviment da(vi)mo Beograd, canviarà els patrons d’acció política als carrers de Sèrvia i oberta a un nou període de confrontació social contra les elits, lluitant contra el projecte urbanístic de Belgrade Waterfront i els seus responsables polítics
Krinka Vidaković-Petrov has devoted much of her extensive academic career to studying the Hispanist Kalmi Baruh. In fact, the researcher considers him the «father» of the Spanish studies in ...Yugoslavia. The present article intends to analyze her personal connection with the Bosnian-Sephardic intellectual through the biographical method, including the attendance to one of her academic presentations, three meetings that took place in Belgrade and a personal document written by her. The aim of the article, despite the limitations of this research model, is to highlight the relevance of the work carried out by Vidaković-Petrov and to analyze the cognitive fundamentals that justify her interest in Kalmi Baruh in personally and professionally disadvantageous conditions, but which show a strong political determination to give voice to the Sephardic world after the Holocaust.Key words: Krinka Vidaković-Petrov, Kalmi Baruh, biography, Hispanism, Sephardic, Yugoslavia.
Intensive groundwater development is a common circumstance in semiarid and arid areas. Often abstraction exceeds recharge, thus continuously depleting reserves. There is groundwater mining when the ...recovery of aquifer reserves needs more than 50years. The MASE project has been carried out to compile what is known about Spain and specifically about the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands. The objective was the synthetic analysis of available data on the hydrological, economic, managerial, social, and ethical aspects of groundwater mining. Since the mid-20th century, intensive use of groundwater in south-eastern Spain allowed extending and securing the areas with traditional surface water irrigation of cash crops and their extension to former dry lands, taking advantage of good soils and climate. This fostered a huge economic and social development. Intensive agriculture is a main activity, although tourism plays currently an increasing economic role in the coasts. Many aquifers are relatively high yielding small carbonate units where the total groundwater level drawdown may currently exceed 300m. Groundwater storage depletion is estimated about 15km3. This volume is close to the total contribution of the Tagus-Segura water transfer, but without large investments paid for with public funds. Seawater desalination complements urban supply and part of cash crop cultivation. Reclaimed urban waste water is used for irrigation. Groundwater mining produces benefits but associated to sometimes serious economic, administrative, legal and environmental problems. The use of an exhaustible vital resource raises ethical concerns. It cannot continue under the current legal conditions. A progressive change of water use paradigm is the way out, but this is not in the mind of most water managers and politicians. The positive and negative results observed in south-eastern Spain may help to analyse other areas under similar hydrogeological conditions in a less advanced stage of water use evolution.
Display omitted
•Intensive use and mining of groundwater allow social development.•Groundwater mining is not sustainable, but is a valuable transient water resource.•Groundwater mining in south-eastern Spain is estimated to be 15km3.•Groundwater mining is not compatible with the European Water Framework Directive.•The intensive and mining uses of groundwater involve ethical and moral problems.
Objectives
Several IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) phenotypes have been proposed and the first set of classification criteria have been recently created. Our objectives were to assess the phenotype ...distribution and the performance of the classification criteria in Spanish patients as genetic and geographical differences may exist.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional multicentre study (Registro Español de Enfermedad Relacionada con la IgG4, REERIGG4) with nine participating centres from Spain. Patients were recruited from November 2013 to December 2018. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria (AECC) were used.
Results
We included 105 patients; 88% had Caucasian ethnicity. On diagnosis, 86% met the international pathology consensus while 92% met the Japanese comprehensive criteria. The phenotype distribution was head and neck 25%, Mikulicz and systemic (MS) 20%, pancreato-hepato-biliary (PHB) 13%, retroperitoneal and aorta (RA) 26%. Sixteen per cent had an undefined phenotype. Seventy-seven per cent of the cases met the AECC. From the 24 patients not meeting the AECC, 33% met exclusion criteria, and 67% did not get a score ≥20 points. Incomplete pathology reports were associated to failure to meet the AECC.
Conclusions
The PHB phenotype was rare among Spanish IgG4-RD patients. The MS phenotype was less frequent and the RA phenotype was more prevalent than in other, Asian patient series. An undefined phenotype should be considered as some patients do not fall into any of the categories. Three quarters of the cases met the 2019 AECC. Incomplete pathology reports were the leading causes of failure to meet the criteria.
The present study focuses on sexual recidivism displayed in a group of 43
incarcerated sexual aggressors in Madrid (Spain). Two groups were analyzed:
the control group, comprising 21 inmates who ...received no treatment in the
“control of sexual aggression” program (CAS, in Spanish), and the
experimental group (comprising 22 inmates), who were receiving treatment in
this program. Results showed that the experimental group had a lower
recidivism rate than the control group (13% vs. 4.5%). Only 7 inmates had at
least one occurrence of recidivism and only one was in treatment. Only three
inmates carried out sexual recidivism. Lastly, practical considerations are
discussed.
El presente estudio se ha centrado en el estudio de la reincidencia sexual en una
población de 43 agresores sexuales recluidos en un Centro Penitenciario de
Madrid (España). Se analizaron dos grupos: el grupo control, compuesto por 21
internos que no estaban bajo tratamiento en el programa de “Control de la
Agresión Sexual” (CAS), y el grupo experimental, compuesto por 22 internos,
que sí estaban bajo este tratamiento. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo
experimental tuvo una reincidencia menor que el grupo control (13% vs. 4,5%).
De 43 sujetos, sólo 7 reincidieron y únicamente uno estaba en tratamiento. Es
de destacar que sólo 3 sujetos tuvieron una reincidencia de tipo sexual.
Finalmente, se discuten algunas implicaciones prácticas de estudio.
Pregnancy induces a number of immunological, hormonal, and metabolic changes that are necessary for the mother to adapt her body to this new physiological situation. The microbiome of the mother, the ...placenta and the fetus influence the fetus growth and undoubtedly plays a major role in the adequate development of the newborn infant. Hence, the microbiome modulates the inflammatory mechanisms related to physiological and pathological processes that are involved in the perinatal progress through different mechanisms. The present review summarizes the actual knowledge related to physiological changes in the microbiota occurring in the mother, the fetus, and the child, both during neonatal period and beyond. In addition, we approach some specific pathological situations during the perinatal periods, as well as the influence of the type of delivery and feeding.
The category of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) includes several clinically, histologically, and molecularly diverse entities. Traditionally, they comprise type 1 and type 2 papillary, ...chromophobe, unclassified, and other histologies (medullary, collecting duct carcinoma, and translocation-associated). Molecular knowledge has allowed the identification of some other specific subtypes, such as fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) or succinate dehydrogenase-associated RCC. In addition, it has recognized some alterations with a possible predictive role, e.g., MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) alterations in papillary tumors. Standard therapies for the management of advanced clear cell RCC (ccRCC), i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, have shown poorer results in nccRCC patients. Therefore, there is a need to improve the efficacy of the treatment for advanced nccRCC. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), has demonstrated a significant survival benefit in several malignant neoplasias, including ccRCC, with a proportion of patients achieving long survival. The combinations of ICI or ICI + VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard of care in advanced ccRCC. Unfortunately, major pivotal trials did not include specific nccRCC populations. In recent years, several studies have retrospectively or prospectively evaluated ICIs alone or in combination with another ICI or with TKIs in nccRCC patients. In this article, we review data from available trials in order to elucidate clinical and molecular profiles that could benefit from immunotherapy approaches.
Objectives Psychological and educational interventions for the prevention of depression have a small-to-moderate effect. However, little is known about their effectiveness in the workplace. We aimed ...to evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CIS-DOC and Open Grey for RCT. Search was supplemented with manual searches of reference lists of relevant meta-analyses and trials. We included RCT that assessed either the incidence of depression or the reduction of depressive symptoms, which excluded participants with baseline depression. Measurements were required to have been made using validated instruments and participants recruited in the workplace. Independent evaluators selected studies, evaluated risk bias (Cochrane Collaboration's tool) and extracted from RCT. The combined OR was estimated using the fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was measured by I
and Cochrane's Q. Results Of the 1963 abstracts reviewed, 69 were selected for review in fulltext. Only three RCT met our inclusion criteria, representing 1246 workers from three different countries and continents. The combined odds ratio was 0.25 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.60, P=0.002; I
=0% and Q=0.389 (P=0.823). The risk of bias was low in one RCT and moderate and high in the other two, respectively. Conclusion Psychological or educational interventions in the workplace may prevent depression, although the quality of evidence was low.
PDF
