A novel kinetic method for micro-quantitative determinations of morphine (MH) is proposed and validated. The method is based on the potentiometric monitoring of the concentration perturbations of the ...oscillatory reaction system being in a stable non-equilibrium stationary state close to the bifurcation point between stable and oscillatory state. The response of the Bray–Liebhafsky (BL) oscillatory reaction as a matrix system, to the perturbations by different concentrations of morphine, is followed by a Pt-electrode. The proposed method relies on the linear relationship between maximal potential shift, Δ
E
m, and the logarithm of the added morphine amounts in the range of 0.004–0.18
μmol. Under optimum conditions, the sensitivity of the proposed method (as the limit of detection) is 0.001
μmol and the method is featured by good precision (R.S.D.
=
1.6%) as well as the excellent sample throughput (45
samples
h
−1). In addition to standard solution analysis, this approach was successfully applied for quantitative determination of morphine in a typical pharmaceutical dosage form. Some aspects of the possible mechanism of morphine action on the BL oscillating chemical system are discussed in detail.
Background: The NO-modified form of the HIV inhibitor saquinavir (Saq-NO) inhibited the growth of a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo more potently than the original compound in a ...nontoxic fashion. In addition, chemo- and immunosensitizing properties were observed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate its anticancer action against non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in their doxorubicin (DOXO) sensitive and resistant phenotype (NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R). Methods: The viability of cells was analyzed by MTT and crystal violet assays. DR5 expression was estimated by real time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps was evaluated by the Rho123 accumulation assay. Results: Saq-NO diminished the viability of lung cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase independently of the overexpression of the P-gp pumps. In addition, Saq-NO elevated or completely reconstituted the doxorubicin efficacy in NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R, respectively. The chemosensitizing effect in DOXO resistant cells was a consequence of P-gp inhibition which was found to be more potent than that observed with dex-verapamil, a conventional inhibitor of P-gp. Sensitization to DOXO upon Saq-NO was accompanied by elevated DR5 expression, but the resistance to TRAIL was not abrogated. Conclusions: The NO-modified HIV inhibitor saquinavir displayed equal antiproliferative and chemosensitizing properties in DOXO sensitive and resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cells, suggesting the importance of the evaluation of this drug as an antineoplastic agent.
The foremost tasks of the panoramic arhitecture are solving of the issue of organisation and reconstruction of parks and gardens, residential areas, other green surfaces, as well as forming the town ...panorama with regular use and combining the natural and man-made components of the region.
For the purpose of the floral shaping in panoramic arhitecture, annual, biennial and perennial flowering varietes compatible to the ecological conditions of the growing site are used. While making the selection, it is critical to take into accout the time and duration of the blooming period, colour combination and other characteristics aimed at providing a dinamic composition and consistent colour solution.
With regard to the significance of the annual flowering varieties in horticultural practice and thanks to the very prominent characteristics produced by the genome induced mutation variability in these varietes as well, the project solutions which stress the estetic aspects are rendered some additional combining options in their usage.
The NO-modified form of the HIV inhibitor saquinavir (Saq-NO) inhibited the growth of a variety of can- cer cell lines in vitro and in vivo more potently than the orig- inal compound in a nontoxic ...fashion. In addition, chemo- and immunosensitizing properties were observed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate its anticancer action against non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in their doxoru- bicin (DOXO) sensitive and resistant phenotype (NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R).
The viability of cells was analyzed by MTT and crystal violet assays. DR5 expression was estimated by real time RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) pumps was evaluated by the Rho123 accumulation assay.
Saq-NO diminished the viability of lung cancer cells through induction of cell cycle arrest in the Gq/G
phase in- dependently of the overexpression of the P-gp pumps. In addition, Saq-NO elevated or completely reconstituted the doxorubicin efficacy in NCI-H460 and NCI-H460/R, respec- tively. The chemosensitizing effect in DOXO resistant cells was a consequence of P-gp inhibition which was found to be more potent than that observed with dex-verapamil, a con- ventional inhibitor of P-gp. Sensitization to DOXO upon Saq- NO was accompanied by elevated DR5 expression, but the resistance to TRAIL was not abrogated.
The NO-modified HIV inhibitor saquinavir dis- played equal antiproliferative and chemosensitizing proper- ties in DOXO sensitive and resistant non-small cell lung car- cinoma cells, suggesting the importance of the evaluation of this drug as an antineoplastic agent.
Inhibitor HIV proteaze- sakvinavir nakon modifikaci- je kovalentnim vezivanjem NO (Saq-NO) gubi toksična svoj- stva dok potentnije od originalnog jedinjenja inhibira in vitro i in vivo rast brojnih čelijskih linija kancera. Pored direktnog antitumorskog delovanja, Saq-NO povečava osetljivost čelija kancera na antitumorski imunski odgovor i konvencionalnu hemioterapiju. Ova študija je imala za cilj ispitivanje antitu- morskog potencijala Saq-NO na čelijskim linijama nesitno- čelijskog karcinoma pluča, senzitivnim (NCI-H460), odnos- no rezistentnim (NCI-H460/R) na doksorubicin.
Vijabilitet čelija je evaluiran testovima MTT i »kristal violet«. Ekspresija receptora DR5 je procenjivana metodom RT-PCR u reálnom vremenu i protočnom citofluorimetrijom. Aktivnost P-gp pumpi odredivana je akumulacionim testom Rho123.
Saq-NO inhibira rast čelija kancera pluča zausta- vljanjem čelija u fazi Gq/G^ čelijskog ciklusa a zapaženi efe- kat nije oslabljen povečanjem ekspresije P-gp pumpi. Pored toga, Saq-NO povečava osetljivost NCI-H460 čelija, dok u slučaju rezistentne forme, NCI-H460/R, potpuno rekonstituiše njihovu osetljivost na doksorubicin. Efekat hemosenziti- zacije je posledica inhibicije P-gp pumpi, što Saq-NO čini potentnijim od deksverapamila, uobičajenog inhibitora P-gp. Opisani fenomen je pračen povečanjem ekspresije receptora DR5 na genskom i membranskom nivou, ali time rezistencija na molekul TRAIL nije ukinuta.
Saq-NO pokazuje značajan antiproliferativan i hemosenzitizujuči potencijal na čelijama nesitnočelijskog kancera pluča nezavisno od njihove osetljivosti odnosno rezistencije na doksorubicin, ukazujuči na potrebu daljeg ispitivanja ovog jedinjenja u svojstvu potencijalnog antineo- plastičnog agensa.
The Botanical garden of the National Museum comprises several different parts: shale flora, serpentinite flora, dolomite flora, flora of the limestone mountains – flora of Trebević and cave flora, ...flora of the Miljacka river valley, flora of Mediterranean and sub Mediterranean areas, succulent plants, alpine garden flora, bog and water plants, ferns, cottage garden plants, alpinetum and endemic and relic plants on the total area of approximately 1,5 ha (14.270,00 m²). The other parts are plots (1-34), marked by numbers 1-15, 17, 28, 24-34. Those plots cover the largest part of the garden surface, and their contents make the main structure of the Botanical garden. The aim of this paper is to recommend plant arrangements in selected plots, after analyzing their capacity.
The recommendations are based on measurements of plots' and existing plants' (trees and shrubs) area, with the aim of completing the existing, and implementing the new plant collections of both woody and herbaceous plants, in order to ensure expediency in aesthetical and functional sense.
The purpose of this thesis was exploring stakeholder influence on brand identity co-creation in startups, by answering the research question: "How do stakeholders influence brand identity co-creation ...in startups?". To answer this question, a multiple case study was conducted, consisting of interviews with six B2C (business-to-customer) startups. Furthermore, the startups studied are all tenants of incubators. This context is of interest, since incubators have been suggested to provide extensive resources and knowledge for startups struggling with their businesses' establishment. To analyze the data from the case studies, mainly the Corporate Brand Identity Matrix (Urde, 2013) was used, which helps to provide an overview of how different elements of brand identity are co-created with stakeholders in startups. In addition, to study this subject requires an overview and discussion of brand management research, stakeholder theory and co-creation litertature. The findings show that several of the brand identity elements are co-created with stakeholders in startups. The stakeholders identified in co-creation are several, mainly cusomers, financiers, producers, designers and programmers. Furthermore, an interesting correlation between startups' orientations and co-creation, was discovered. The startups with a mainly market-oriented approach to branding are co-creating the brand identity elements to a much further extent, than brand-oriented startups. Finally, incubators are revealed as co-creators of several of the brand identity elements in startups, but the study also provides further insightsd into their important role in supporting the startups and facilitating networking opportunities.
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