Cesium copper halides (CCHs) show promise for optoelectronic applications, and their syntheses usually involve high-temperatures and hazard solvents. Herein, the synthesis of highly luminescent and ...phase-pure Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, Br, and I) and CsCu2I3 via a solvent-free mechanochemical approach through manual grinding is demonstrated. This cost-effective approach can produce CCHs on a scale of tens to hundreds of grams. Rietveld refinement analysis of the X-ray diffraction patterns of the as-synthesized CCHs reveals their structural details. Notably, the emission characteristics of green-emitting, chloride-based CCHs remain stable even at elevated temperaturesmaintaining 80% of initial PL efficiency at 150 °C. Lastly, a postsynthetic reversible transformation between zero- and one-dimensional CCH materials is demonstrated, indicating the labile nature of their crystal structure. The proposed study suggests that mechanochemistry can be an alternative and promising synthetic tool for fabricating high-quality lead-free metal halides.
Pulse pressure variation (PPV) is widely used as a predictor of fluid responsiveness. However, a previous study has suggested a ‘grey zone’ between 9 and 13% in which PPV would be inconclusive to ...predict fluid responsiveness. Considering PPV is based on cardiopulmonary interactions, we evaluated whether an augmented PPV using a temporary increase in tidal volume (VT) from 8 to 12 ml kg−1 has the predictability for fluid responsiveness in patients within the grey zone.
Adult patients requiring general anaesthesia were enrolled. During the period when PPV was within the range of 9–13%, haemodynamic variables such as stroke volume index (SVI) and PPV with an 8 ml kg−1 tidal volume ventilation (PPV8) were obtained before and after volume expansion (6 ml kg−1) under mechanical ventilation. Augmented PPV induced by 2-min ventilation with a VT of 12 ml kg−1 (PPV12) was also recorded immediately before volume loading. The patients whose SVI increased ≥10% after volume expansion were considered responders.
In 38 enrolled patients, 20 were responders. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed PPV12 had an excellent predictability for fluid responsiveness {area under the curve AUC=0.935 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.805–0.989; sensitivity 95%; specificity 72%; P<0.0001}. The optimal threshold for PPV12 was >17%. However, PPV8 failed to show significant predictability AUC=0.668 (95% CI 0.497–0.812); sensitivity 65%; specificity 61%; P=0.06.
In mechanically ventilated patients, our augmented PPV successfully predicted fluid responsiveness in the previously suggested grey zone.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02653469.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate the nonlinear Talbot effect from nonlinear photonic crystals. The nonlinear Talbot effect results from self-imaging of the generated periodic intensity ...pattern at the output surface of the crystal. To illustrate the effect, we experimentally observed second-harmonic Talbot self-imaging from 1D and 2D periodically poled LiTaO(3) crystals. Both integer and fractional nonlinear Talbot effects were investigated. The observation not only conceptually extends the conventional Talbot effect, but also opens the door for a variety of new applications in imaging technologies.
In this paper, water-soluble magnetite nanoparticles have been directly synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonate, Fe(acac)
3 in tri(ethyleneglycol). Size and morphology of ...the nanoparticles are determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements while the crystal structure is identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface charge and surface coating of the nanoparticles are recognized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and zeta potential measurements. Magnetic properties are determined using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements. The results show that as-prepared magnetite nanoparticles are relatively monodisperse, single crystalline and superparamagnetic in nature with the blocking temperature at around 100
K. The magnetite nanoparticles are found to be highly soluble in water due to steric and electrostatic interactions between the particles arising by the surface adsorbed tri(ethyleneglycol) molecules and associated positive charges, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies on human cervical (SiHa), mouse melanoma (B16F10) and mouse primary fibroblast cells demonstrate that up to a dose of 80
μg/ml, the magnetic nanoparticles are nontoxic to the cells. Specific absorption rate (SAR) value has been calculated to be 885 and 539
W/gm for samples with the iron concentration of 1 and 0.5
mg/ml, respectively. The high SAR value upon exposure to 20
MHz radiofrequency signifies the applicability of as-prepared magnetite nanoparticles for a feasible magnetic hyperthermia treatment.
Summary
Background
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with colorectal neoplasia. Yet, NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis.
Aim
To ...investigate the risk of colorectal neoplasia according to the presence and severity of NAFLD.
Methods
A total of 26 540 asymptomatic adults who underwent same day first‐time colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography as a health check‐up programme were analysed. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Advanced colorectal neoplasia was defined as an invasive cancer or adenoma that was at least 10 mm in diameter, had high‐grade dysplasia, or had villous histological characteristics or any combination thereof.
Results
NAFLD patients had a higher prevalence of any colorectal neoplasia (38.0% vs. 28.9%) and advanced colorectal neoplasia (2.8% vs. 1.9%) compared to those without NAFLD. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, first‐degree family history of colorectal cancer, aspirin use and metabolic factors, the odd ratios comparing patients with NAFLD to those without were 1.10 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.17 for any colorectal neoplasia and 1.21 (95% CI: 0.99–1.47) for advanced colorectal neoplasia. When NAFLD patients were further stratified according to the non‐invasive parameters of liver disease severity, the risk of any colorectal neoplasia or advanced colorectal neoplasia was higher for those with severe liver diseases than those with mild liver diseases.
Conclusions
The presence and severity of NAFLD were closely associated with any colorectal neoplasia and advanced colorectal neoplasia, suggesting that clinicians should be aware of the increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with NAFLD.
Linked ContentThis article is linked to Ahn et al, and Kountouras et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13911 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13900.
The systematic shape control of colloidal nanocrystals including one‐dimensional (1D) nanorods remains a key issue in the “bottom–up” approach of nanoscience. Here, we examine the anisotropic ...structural evolution of various semiconductor nanocrystals and systematically elucidate the key growth parameters for their shape control. The crystalline phase of nucleating seeds and kinetic growth regimes controlled by changing growth parameters are crucial for the determination of the 1D nanocrystal geometry.
The shapes of novel nanocrystals, including 1D nanorods and the MnS nanocubes shown in the Figure, can be controlled by balancing parameters such as the nucleating seeds, kinetic control, temperature, and selective activation energy modulations of surfaces through the use of capping molecules. Here, the anisotropic structural evolution and key growth parameters for the shape control of various semiconductor nanocrystals is examined.
We report a peculiar banyan root like Mg-doped ZnO photoanode to result in high electron transport, retardation of interfacial charge recombination, improved light harvesting efficiency, and overall ...enhanced photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). DSSC based on a 5 mol % Mg-doped ZnO electrode of very low thickness, ∼4 μm, gained an improved short-circuit current density of 9.98 mAcm–2, open-circuit photo voltage of 0.71 V, fill factor of 0.58, and overall conversion efficiency of 4.11% under 1 sun illumination.
•SMAT of 304 SS induced mechanical twins, martensite phase and dislocations.•SMAT increased the surface roughness and corrosion rate of 304 SS in 0.6M NaCl.•Current–time curves indicate formation of ...defective passive film on SMATed 304 SS.•Increase in roughness, martensite, dislocations nullify beneficial effect of SMAT.
The influence of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on the corrosion behaviour of AISI 304 stainless steel in 0.6M NaCl was studied. SMAT of 304 SS induced plastic deformation, enabled formation of mechanical twins and strain induced ά-martensite phase, increased the surface roughness and imparted compressive residual stress. SMAT caused a deleterious influence on the corrosion resistance of 304 SS in 0.6M NaCl. Double log plots of current–time transients at 25mV(SCE) indicate formation of defective passive film on SMATed 304 SS. Increase in surface roughness, strain induced martensite and dislocations nullify the beneficial influence of surface nanocrystallization.
Abstract
Hydrochromic materials that change their luminescence color upon exposure to moisture have attracted considerable attention owing to their applications in sensing and information encryption. ...However, the existing materials lack high hydrochromic response and color tunability. This study reports the development of a new and bright 0D Cs
3
GdCl
6
metal halide as the host for hydrochromic photon upconversion in the form of polycrystals (PCs) and nanocrystals. Lanthanides co‐doped cesium gadolinium chloride metal halides exhibit upconversion luminescence (UCL) in the visible–infrared region upon 980 nm laser excitation. In particular, PCs co‐doped with Yb
3+
and Er
3+
exhibit hydrochromic UCL color change from green to red. These hydrochromic properties are quantitatively confirmed through the sensitive detection of water in tetrahydrofuran solvent via UCL color changes. This water‐sensing probe exhibits excellent repeatability and is particularly suitable for real‐time and long‐term water monitoring. Furthermore, the hydrochromic UCL property is exploited for stimuli‐responsive information encryption via cyphertexts. These findings will pave the way for the development of new hydrochromic upconverting materials for emerging applications, such as noncontact sensors, anti‐counterfeiting, and information encryption.
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