Factors influencing the rate of acetylation were examined based on the swelling of wood in the reaction solution and the dimensions of the wood sample. The activation energy of acetylation was also ...estimated. In a swelling test, it was found that wood swells thoroughly in acetic anhydride even without pyridine above 60 deg C. Therefore, pyridine may facilitate the acetylation process as a catalyst and not as a swelling agent. The weight gain, x (%), attained at reaction time t (h), for various compositions of acetylation solution or dimensions of wood sample were analyzed by applying an original rate equation x = a x (1 - e sup(k1))sup(1/n), where a is the ultimate weight gain (%), k is the rate constant (h sup-1)), and n is a measure of the hindrance against the diffusion of reagent. The optimum volume fraction of pyridine in the pyridine-catalyzed acetylation was about 0.2. Accompanied by a rise in pyridine content, the reaction showed increased diffusion-controlled behavior. The rate constant, which is not affected by the dimensions of the wood sample, was estimated from which an activation energy of about 130kJ/mol was calculated.
In this Phase II study, no dose–response relationship was observed after oral netupitant administration (30, 100 or 300 mg) in Japanese patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Abstract
...Objective
Netupitant is a novel, selective neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist used for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, a distressing side effect of chemotherapy. This double-blind, randomized, Phase II study investigated the dose–response of oral netupitant in Japanese patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Methods
Chemotherapy-naïve patients were randomized (1:1:1) to a single oral netupitant 30-, 100- or 300-mg dose before chemotherapy initiation. Patients received concomitant palonosetron (0.75 mg intravenously i.v. Day 1) and dexamethasone (9.9 mg i.v. Day 1, 8 mg orally Days 2–4).
Results
Overall, 402 patients (30 mg: 134; 100 mg: 135; 300 mg: 133) were treated and evaluable for efficacy and safety. The primary endpoint of overall (0–120 h after chemotherapy administration) complete response (CR) rate (no emesis, no rescue medication) was 64.2%, 60.0% and 54.9% in the 30-, 100- and 300-mg arms, respectively, without statistical significance for dose–response. The safety profile of netupitant was comparable in the three arms. The plasma concentrations of netupitant and its metabolites increased with the dose increase from 30 mg to 300 mg.
Conclusions
No dose–response relationship of netupitant in terms of overall CR rate was observed in this study. Netupitant was well tolerated at all doses without clinically harmful safety signals observed.
Clinical trial registration
JapicCTI-142 483
spp. are rare human pathogens, and only three cases of
keratitis have been reported. They were treated with anti-fungal drugs and surgical excision. Two of the three cases were successful, and the ...case of an immunocompromised patient was not successful. Thus, the best treatment of
keratitis is still undetermined, and further investigations are needed. The purpose of this report is to present our findings in a case of
keratitis that was successfully treated with topical medications without surgical excision.
This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hidaka Medical Center, Toyooka Hospital. A written informed consent was obtained from the patient before beginning the medical treatments.
A 75-year-old man with a history of stage 4 prostate carcinoma and bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency had undergone keratoepithelioplasty on his left eye for the deficiency. Postoperatively, a greyish-white epithelial opacity was noted on the central cornea of his left eye, and he had been treated with topical fluorometholone and oral dexamethasone together with a therapeutic contact lens. Corneal smears and contact lens swabs were positive for
spp. He required a continuous treatment with amphotericin B (AMPH-B) ointment, topical fluconazole (FLCZ), and voriconazole (VRCZ). This treatment protocol was effective, but recurrences developed when his general condition worsened.
Our findings indicate that
keratitis can be successfully treated but not cured with topical AMPH-B, FLCZ, and VRCZ without surgical treatment. However, recurrences can develop when the general condition of the patient worsens. Thus, continuous monitoring and treatment are necessary in cases of
keratitis.
X-ray structural analysis of molten PbCl2 OKAMOTO, Y; IWADATE, Y; FUKUSHIMA, K ...
The Journal of physics and chemistry of solids,
02/2005, Letnik:
66, Številka:
2-4
Conference Proceeding, Journal Article
We evaluated the in vivo disposition characteristics of polystyrene nanospheres (NS) with the particle size of 50 nm (NS-50) pre-coated with human serum albumin (HSA) after intravenous administration ...in rats. HSA-coated NS-50 showed much longer blood-circulating property and the hepatic uptake clearance for HSA-coated NS-50 was about 1/5 of that for NS-50. In parallel with the results obtained in the in vivo study, liver perfusion experiments also showed that the hepatic disposition of HSA-coated NS-50 was much less than that of NS-50 in the presence of serum in the perfusate. To unravel the mechanism behind the less affinity of HSA-coated NS-50 to the liver, serum proteins associated on the surface was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. The results indicated that pre-coated HSA impaired subsequent association of serum proteins onto the surface, suggesting that the association of a given serum protein with opsonic activity might be suppressed by HSA pre-coating. From these findings, pre-coating of nanoparticles with serum albumin could be useful to prevent their rapid clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system in vivo.
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