Abstract
Currently, the most used methods of plastic scintillator (PS) manufacturing are cell casting and bulk polymerisation, extrusion, injection molding, whereas digital light processing (DLP) 3D ...printing technique has been recently introduced. For our research, we measured blue-emitting EJ-200, EJ-208, green-emitting EJ-260, EJ-262 cell cast and two types of blue-emitting DLP-printed PSs. The light output of the samples, with the same dimension of 10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm, was compared. The light output of the samples, relative to the reference EJ-200 cell-cast scintillator, equals about 40–49 and 70–73% for two types of 3D-printed, and two green-emitting cell-casted PSs, respectively. Performance of the investigated scintillators is sufficient to use them in a plastic scintillation dosemeter operating in high fluence gamma radiation fields.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, specifically digital light processing (DLP) technique, can be used to manufacture plastic scintillators of any shape. The purpose of this study was to determine the ...light output of DLP 3D-printed scintillators for dosimetry applications. Two types of plastic scintillators with dimensions 10 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm were fabricated using DLP 3D-printing at Hanyang University, South Korea. The light output of these DLP 3D-printed samples was measured and compared to that of a commercial plastic scintillator of the same dimensions, RP-408, produced by casting. The 3D-printed scintillators emitting violet and blue light had a lower relative light output by 49% and 43%, respectively, compared to the RP-408 reference scintillator. We also investigated three types of scintillator surface finishing methods: the original surface made by the 3D printer, a sanded surface, and a polished surface. Furthermore, three wrapping configurations were tested: bare scintillator, diffuse-type polytetrafluoroethylene tape, and specular-type enhanced specular reflector foil. Both reflector types, diffuse and specular, reflected blue light with comparable efficiency. Additionally, emission and transmission spectra of the samples were measured. Emission maxima were located at 430 nm for RP-408, and 438 and 475 nm for two 3D-printed samples. Transmittance at the wavelength of maximum emission was equal to 89% for RP-408, and 73% and 66% for the two DLP-printed samples. Although the light output of the 3D-printed scintillators was about 50% lower than that of the commercial plastic scintillator, due to characteristics of 3D-printed plastic scintillators, i.e. fast, low-cost production, and easy customization of the printed shape, they are promising as an active part of dosimeters for use in high intensity gamma radiation fields produced by medical linear accelerators with acceptable signal-to-noise ratio level.
•3D printing technique was used to manufacture plastic scintillators.•Light output of three types of blue-emitting plastic scintillators was measured.•Original, sanded and polished scintillator surface finishes were investigated.•Diffuse and specular reflectors have comparable light reflection efficiency.•3D-printed scintillators are sufficient for use in dosimetry in radiation therapy.
The ATLAS Detector Control System Lantzsch, K; Arfaoui, S; Franz, S ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
01/2012, Letnik:
396, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ATLAS experiment is one of the multi-purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, constructed to study elementary particle interactions in collisions of high-energy proton ...beams. Twelve different sub detectors as well as the common experimental infrastructure are controlled and monitored by the Detector Control System (DCS) using a highly distributed system of 140 server machines running the industrial SCADA product PVSS. Higher level control system layers allow for automatic control procedures, efficient error recognition and handling, manage the communication with external systems such as the LHC controls, and provide a synchronization mechanism with the ATLAS data acquisition system. Different databases are used to store the online parameters of the experiment, replicate a subset used for physics reconstruction, and store the configuration parameters of the systems. This contribution describes the computing architecture and software tools to handle this complex and highly interconnected control system.
Manifestation of aging effects in gas proportional counters Kowalski, T.Z.; Mindur, B.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
12/2003, Letnik:
515, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Studies of the behavior of cylindrical proportional tubes, 25 and
32.1
mm
in diameter, under sustained irradiation were carried out with Ar/iso-pentane 95:5 and Ar/CO
2/N
2/iso-pentane 70:10:10:10 ...gas mixtures. The influence of aging on the decrease of gas gain and on the so-called count rate effect was studied. Special attention was paid to the performance of aged counters operated at high gas gain and at high counting rate. A very strong impact of aging on the count rate effect was observed. The decrease of gas gain was found to be a linear function of the collected charge.
The multi-cell proportional chambers in the backing calorimeter of the ZEUS experiment at the HERA storage ring are supplied with an Ar/CO
2 gas mixture by an open gas system. Flow proportional ...counters with built-in
55
Fe
sources are used as gas system monitoring detectors. The results of the measurements of the aging effects of the gas-monitoring counters are presented.
Performance of Xe-filled counters under high gas gain Deptuch, M.; Kowalski, T.Z.; Mindur, B.
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2004, Letnik:
518, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Gas amplification factors, over the range 1 to ∼10
5 were measured for the mixtures of Xe/CO
2, Xe/CO
2/O
2 and Xe/CO
2/N
2 as the function of the applied voltage for straw tubes geometry. Special ...attention was put to the transition from proportional mode to self-quenching streamer and corona discharge.
.
Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form factors at
P
¯
ANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported. The statistical precision with which the ...proton form factors can be determined is estimated. The signal channel
p
¯
p
→
e
+
e
-
is studied on the basis of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main background channel,
i.e.
p
¯
p
→
π
+
π
-
, is studied. Furthermore, the background
versus
signal efficiency, statistical and systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector performance.
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