The past few decades have seen an alarming rise in opioid use in the United States, and the negative consequences from diversion of opioids for nontherapeutic use are dramatically increasing. A ...significant number of orthopaedic patients are at risk for repercussions from both therapeutic and nontherapeutic opioid use. Orthopaedic surgeons are the third highest prescribers of opioid prescriptions among physicians in the United States. Thus, it is important for orthopaedic surgeons to understand the detrimental effects of opioid abuse on individuals and society and to recognize objective measures to identify patients at risk for nontherapeutic opioid use. These measures include elements of the patient history, recognition of aberrant behaviors, prescription drug monitoring programs, and opioid risk-assessment tools.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in bovine milk, their antibiogram phenotype, and the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes. Raw bovine milk samples ...(n = 100) were randomly collected from different suppliers in the northwest of Iran. Antibiotic-resistant patterns and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes were evaluated in the isolates. Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. were isolated from 78%, 47%, 25%, and 21% of samples, respectively. All isolates showed high rates of resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin, and cefalexin. The bla
and bla
genes were detected in 50.0% and 6.4% of E. coli isolates, respectively. Also, 28.5% and 19.0% of Salmonella isolates were positive for bla
and bla
. The frequency of mecA and bla
in S. aureus isolates was 20.0% and 12.0%, respectively. The high prevalence of bovine milk contamination with antimicrobial-resistant species in this study necessitates precise control on antibiotic prescription in veterinary medicine.
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic infection that is significant for public health (immunocompromised patients, pregnant women) and veterinary medicine (economic losses in the herd), is caused by an ...intracellular protozoan parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa called Toxoplasma gondii. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and contaminated undercooked meat is a significant source for humans. The present study aimed to determine Toxoplasma gondii DNA in sheep, goats and donkeys Milk kept in East Azerbaijan province using the PCR method based on the B1 gene. For this purpose, 100 milk samples, including 45 sheep, 45 goats and 10 donkeys, were collected from different regions of northwestern Iran using direct milking and then transferred to the Food and Aquatic Health Laboratory under refrigerated conditions. The results showed that out of 100 milk samples examined, 16 samples (16%) were contaminated, and Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected in 5 (11.11%) sheep, 9 (20%) goats and 2 (20%) donkeys milk specimen, respectively. These findings indicated that Toxoplasma gondii contaminated the raw milk, a human infection source.
•Reporting the presence of T. gondii in milk of goat, sheep and donkey in Iran.•The results demonstrate the presence of the DNA of T. gondii in buffalo, cow and camel's milk.•Consumption of raw milk of different animals can be a risk factor for human health.•To prevent infection with T. gondii, it is recommended to boil milk before consumption.
Due to change in lifestyle and food habits, people are more at risk of diet-related diseases and cancers. It is also established that dietary modifications significantly reduce the risk of diseases. ...Nutrigenomics is relatively fresh discipline, but possess an enormous potential that can apply for prevention and management of certain carcinomas and diseases. This review enables us to generate useful information for scientists and health professionals regarding the role of Nutrigenomics in the prevention of diet and lifestyle-related diseases like cancer. It influences health conditions of individuals and susceptibility of disease by defining the metabolic response and gene expression. Epigenetic modifications can perform a significant role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are the most common epigenetic mechanisms. Omega 3 fatty acids are the best example of nutrients and gene interaction not involving DNA methylation while certain bioactive food compounds have a proven role in cancer prevention through an epigenetic mechanism. Dietary polyphenols substantially take part in prevention of oral, breast, skin, esophageal, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic and lung cancers. Moreover, minerals and vitamins involve regulatory processes. Zinc, Selenium and folate involve in DNA repairing process have anticancer properties. Consumption of multivitamins prevents methylation of cancer cells.
The combined effect of water adlayer composition and surface termination on diamond surface electrochemistry, has been studied theoretically using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The ...terminating species included H, O(ontop), O(bridge), OH and NH2. The chemical composition of the water adlayer was altered by using a very thin layer of water only, or by introducing oxygen, ozone or hydroxonium ions (H3O+) into the adlayer. A partial electron transfer toward the atmospheric adlayer was observed for the situation with either an H- or NH2-terminated diamond surface. Corresponding calculations for oxygen-termination (O(ontop) or O(bridge)), did not render any significant amount of electron transfer. The situation was completely different for the situation with OH-termination. The degree of electron transfer was approximately of the same order as for H- and NH2-terminations. The presence of oxidative species like oxygen, ozone, and H30+ (or combinations thereof) were observed to significantly increase the degree of electron transfer for the situation with either NH2-, OH-, or H-terminated diamond (100)-2 × 1 surfaces. Adsorption energy calculations revealed, with some exceptions, a quite good correlation between diamond//adlayer adhesion strength and degree of interfacial electron transfer. The electron transfer process were further verified and analyzed by performing partial density of state (pDOS) calculations for some selected diamond//adlayer systems.
Green synthesis of bioactive nanoparticles (NPs) is getting more attractive in various fields of science including the food industry. This study investigates the green synthesizing and ...characterization of gold NPs (AuNPs) and silver NPs (AgNPs) produced using Mentha spicata L. (M. spicata) essential oil as well as their antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro cytotoxic effects. The essential oil was mixed with both Chloroauric acid (HAuCl
) and aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO
) solutions separately and incubated at room temperature for 24 h. The chemical composition of the essential oil was identified by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS). Au and Ag nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The cytotoxicity of both types of nanoparticles was evaluated using MTT assay on cancerous HEPG-2cell line by exposing them to various concentrations of both NPs for 24 h. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated by the well-diffusion technique. The antioxidant effect was determined by DPPH and ABTS tests. According to the results of GC-MS analysis, 18 components were identified, including carvone (78.76%) and limonene (11.50%). UV-visible spectroscopy showed a strong absorption peak of 563 nm and 485 nm, indicating the formation of Au NPs and Ag NPs, respectively. TEM and DLS demonstrated that AuNPs and AgNPs were predominantly spherical shaped with average sizes of 19.61 nm and 24 nm, respectively. FTIR analysis showed that biologically active compounds such as monoterpenes could assist in the formation and stabilization of both types of NPs. Additionally, XRD provided more accurate results, revealing a nano-metal structure. Silver nanoparticles exhibited better antimicrobial activity against the bacteria than AuNPs. Zones of inhibition ranging 9.0-16.0 mm were recorded for the AgNPs, while zones of 8.0-10.33 mm were observed AuNPs. In the ABTS assay, the AuNPs and AgNPs showed a dose-dependent activity and synthesized nanoparticles exhibited higher antioxidant activity than MSEO in both assays. Mentha spicata essential oil can be successfully used for the green production of Au NPs and Ag NPs. Both green synthesized NPs show antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vitro cytotoxic activity.
Background
Toxoplasmosis as a zoonotic condition is developed by an intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii from the Apicomplexa phylum, which imposes economic losses on herds of animals ...and severe complications in immunocompromised people and pregnant women. This infectious disease can be transmitted to human beings from the contaminated unpasteurized milk, uncooked meat, water and food contaminated with sporulated oocysts and transplacental transmission.
Objectives
This study amid to determine T. gondii DNA in camel, buffalo and cow milks in using the PCR method based on the B1 gene.
Methods
A total of 100 milk samples, including 55 cows, 30 buffalos and 15 camels, were collected from different regions of north‐western using direct milking and then transferred to the Food and Aquatic Health Laboratory under refrigerated conditions.
Results
The results showed that out of 100 milk samples examined, 5 samples (5%) were contaminated, and T. gondii DNA was detected in the milk samples of 2 (3.63%) cows, 1 (3.33%) buffalos and 2 (13.33%) camels, respectively.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal that raw milk contaminated with T. gondii can be an important route of transmission of infection for human beings.
Toxoplasma gondii is a food‐borne zoonotic parasite that infects humans.
The results demonstrate the presence of the DNA of T. gondii in buffalo, cow and camel's milk.
Consumption of raw milk of different animals can be a risk factor for human health.
To prevent infection with T. gondii, it is recommended to boil milk before consumption.
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