RPC background studies at CMS experiment Carnevali, F.; Samalan, A.; Tytgat, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2023, Letnik:
1052
Journal Article
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During Run2 the high instantaneous luminosity, up to 2.21034cm−2s−1, lead to a substantial hit rate in the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment’s muon chambers due to multiple background sources to ...physics processes sought for at LHC. In this article we will describe the analysis method devised to measure and identify the contributions to such background in the Resistive Plate Chambers. Thorough understanding of the background rates provides the base for the upgrade of the muon detectors for the High-Luminosity LHC.
The CMS RPC system readiness for LHC Run-3 data taking Shopova, M.; Samalan, A.; Tytgat, M. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2023, Letnik:
1052
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
During Run-3, the LHC is preparing to deliver instantaneous luminosity in the range from 5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1 to 7.5 × 1034 cm−2 s−1. To ensure stable data taking, providing redundant information for ...robust muon triggering, reconstruction and identification, the CMS RPC collaboration has used the opportunity given by the LHC long shutdown 2 (LS2), to perform a series of maintenance and preparation activities for the new data taking period. The overall performance of the RPC system after the LS2 commissioning period and the activities in preparation for future data taking will be presented.
New slow control emulator for the CMS phase-2 upgrade RPC link system Boghrati, B.; El Sawy, M.; Alves, G.A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2023, Letnik:
1052
Journal Article
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The CERN Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) RPC system phase-2 upgrade project is in good progress. It covers the replacement of the off-detector electronics for the present Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC), ...known as “link system”, and includes the renovation of the legacy slow controller with brand new electronics, called RPC backend electronics. The scope of the new backend is to handle all requirements of the new RPC link system such as assigning a dedicated link to every control board (CB) that carries out the slow control and fast trigger commands and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) clock. In this work, we will review the architecture of the new Slow controller, its firmware, and the commands supported by this system.
RPC based tracking system at CERN GIF++ facility Mota Amarilo, K.; Tytgat, M.; Alves, G.A. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
07/2023, Letnik:
1052
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
With the HL-LHC upgrade of the LHC machine, an increase of the instantaneous luminosity by a factor of five is expected and the current detection systems need to be validated for such working ...conditions to ensure stable data taking. At the CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) many muon detectors undergo such studies, but the high gamma background can pose a challenge to the muon trigger system which is exposed to many fake hits from the gamma background. A tracking system using RPCs is implemented to clean the fake hits, taking profit of the high muon efficiency of these chambers. This work will present the tracking system configuration, used detector analysis algorithm and results.
1. This slaughterhouse-based study was to evaluate correlations between cutaneous lesions which are linked to animal welfare. The relationships between these lesions and various rearing factors were ...investigated.
2. The percentage of lesions in each flock was determined by observation at the slaughterhouse. Fifty-five flocks slaughtered between May 2005 and May 2006 in 8 slaughterhouses were investigated.
3. Data relating to farm management and housing factors during the rearing period were collected retrospectively from 36 of the 55 flocks scored for lesions.
4. A negative correlation was observed between (i) presence of breast blisters and deep hock burns, (ii) presence of breast blisters and deep footpad dermatitis, and (iii) presence of breast burns and scratches.
5. We proposed an assessment of broiler chicken welfare at the slaughterhouse on the basis of several criteria: (i) footpad dermatitis, hock burns and breast burns, (ii) scratches, and (iii) breast blisters.
6. The presence of contact dermatitis was related to litter quality and several management factors. Only scratches and breast blisters were related to high stocking density. The type of lesion was related to genotype. Genotype A (fast-growing) had fewer breast blisters but deeper footpad lesions than B (slower-growing).
1. Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is a recognised welfare problem in broiler chickens. Broiler feet (n = 54) were examined macroscopically and microscopically to determine a reliable correspondence between ...macroscopic and histological features, and to devise a scoring system that was relevant to bird welfare and easy to use at processing plants.2. Three types of footpad lesion were defined based on their severity. Type I were mild lesions, visually characterised by scale enlargement and erythema, and histologically by hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, superficial dermal congestion and oedema. Type II were moderate, superficial lesions, visually characterised by hypertrophic and hyperkeratotic scales covered with yellowish to brownish exudate, and histologically by a prominent pustular and crust-forming dermatitis. Type III lesions were the most pronounced, visually characterised by a thick dark adherent crust, and histologically by extensive ulceration.3. On the basis of the severity and extent of these three types of lesions, a 5-point scale was devised, i.e. no or type I lesion (score 1), type II lesion (<50% or >50% of footpad, scores 2 and 3 respectively) and type III lesion (<50% or >50% of footpad, scores 4 and 5 respectively).4. The scoring system has the advantage of making sense in terms of welfare compared with previous schemes. Furthermore, it is histologically validated and easy to use for the routine assessment of broiler welfare in processing plants.
The time to onset of arrested blood flow and the size of false aneurysms in the severed carotid arteries were assessed in 126 cattle during halal slaughter without stunning. Thirty six cattle (29%) ...showed early arrest of blood flow. In 6%, both the left and right carotid arteries in the same animal stopped bleeding before 60
s had elapsed following the neck cut. The time to early arrested blood flow was on average 21
s, and this was accompanied by enlargement with false aneurysms which occluded the arteries. In the arteries which were still bleeding at 60
s after the neck was cut the artery size was normal. Based on comparative data from different slaughter premises it appeared that making the cut in the neck at the first cervical vertebra instead of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae reduced the frequency of false aneurysm formation and early arrested blood flow. This was confirmed in a separate controlled trial where 100 cattle were stunned with a captive bolt and the arteries were examined following neck cutting at either the C1 or C3 positions.
► Some cattle lose consciousness slowly when slaughtered without stunning. ► This is because blood flow is arrested by false aneurysms in the severed arteries. ► Cutting arteries at the C1 position in the neck reduces the frequency of this problem.
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