Ordinary least squares (OLS) one-step regression and the sequential procedure were applied to estimate the dynamic thermal microbial inactivation parameters of Escherichia coli K12 using the ...differential form of five different models. The best-performing models based on their statistical assessment were, in order: Geeraerd et al. sublethal (7 parameters), Geeraerd et al. stress adaptive (7 parameters); reduced Geeraerd et al. (6 parameters), Weibull (6 parameters), and the first-order model (5 parameters) all integrated with the secondary Bigelow model. The statistics used to evaluate the models were: lowest AICc, minimum root mean square error (RMSE); distribution of residuals; asymptotic relative errors of parameters; scaled sensitivity coefficients; and sequential estimation. RMSE for the first-order model was more than twice that for Geeraerd et al. sublethal model, showing that the first-order model was inappropriate for these data. The optimum reference temperature (Tref) for the secondary model (Bigelow type) was interpolated by estimating all other parameters for different fixed Tref values, and choosing Tref that minimized the correlation coefficient between AsymDref and z. The advantage of finding the optimum Tref was that it minimized the relative error for AsymDref. Scaled sensitivity coefficients of the Geeraerd et al. sublethal model revealed that a) none of the parameters was linearly correlated with others, and b) that the most easily estimated parameters were the three initial microbial concentrations logN(0), followed by AsymDref , z, logCc(0), and sublethal β. The sequential method was also applied to estimate updated parameter values by successively adding each data point. Sequential results showed that each parameter reached a constant after ∼2.5 log reductions. These results show that a) parameters may be affected by rate of heating, and b) dynamic microbial inactivation parameters can be estimated accurately and precisely, directly from few experiments, potentially eliminating the need to apply isothermal parameters to dynamic industrial processes.
Divergence measure is a significant tool for evaluating the amount of discrimination for IFSs. Since then it has acquired concentration for their applications in different areas. In this paper, we ...utilize the conception of Jensen–Shannon divergence to propose new measures called Jensen-exponential divergence for measuring the discrimination between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and demonstrate some very elegant properties, which show its strength for applications point of view. Next, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem for IFSs that describes information about options with respect to criteria is studied. A technique that employs the relative comparisons for IFSs (that uses all the constraints, viz. membership, non-membership and hesitancy degrees) based on the advantage and disadvantage scores of the options with respect to criterion, where criterion weights are completely unknown, is used. In addition, the score functions are applied to evaluate the strength and worst scores leading to the satisfaction degree of the options. A multi-objective optimization model for optimal weights of the criterion that maximizes the satisfaction degree of each option is constructed. Energy resources play an important role in the social and economic development of the countries. Due to the industrialization, population growth and urbanization, the demand of energy is increasing gradually and this requires the selection of most suitable energy resource for economic development of the countries. The proposed MCDM method is presented to choose the most appropriate energy alternative among set of renewable energy alternatives. In this real case study, the decision makers provide their opinions in terms of linguistic variables because it is tricky to portray exact numerical values during the evaluation of energy alternatives. Finally, a comprehensive comparison is prepared to express the effectiveness of the technique over the existing techniques for the IF MCDM problems.
Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) is an oil bearing species with multiple uses and considerable potential as a biodiesel crop. The present communication deals with the method of selecting plus ...phenotypes of
J. curcas for exploiting genetic variability for further improvement. Candidate plus tree selection is the first and most important stage in any tree improvement programme. The selection of candidate plus plants (CPPs) is based upon various important attributes associated with the species and their relative ranking. Relative preference between various traits and scoring for each trait has been worked out by using the method of paired comparisons for the selection of CPP in
J. curcas L. The most important ones are seed and oil yields.
Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2,3‐triazole and isatin as core structures have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their diverse biological activities such as anti‐cancer, antifungal, ...antimicrobial, antitumor, anti‐epileptic, antiviral, and more. The presence of 1,2,3‐triazoles and isatin heterocycles in these hybrids, both individually known for their medicinal significance, has increasingly piqued the interest of drug discovery researchers, as they seek to delve deeper into their extensive pharmacological potential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, these hybrid compounds are synthetically accessible using readily available materials. Therefore, there is a pressing need to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge in this field, offering valuable insights to readers and paving the way for the discovery of novel 1,2,3‐triazole‐linked isatin hybrids with therapeutic potential.
Bimagnetic α-Fe
2
O
3
/NiFe
2
O
4
nanocomposite was synthesized via a simple and cost-effective approach, and the effect of the annealing temperature on the nanocomposite properties was discussed. ...Structural characterizations confirm the formation of α-Fe
2
O
3
/NiFe
2
O
4
nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) characterization reveals the bimodal distribution of particles in the nanocomposites. Thermal annealing favours for the improvement of phase fraction along with the structural phase transformation of NiFe
2
O
4
phase. Existence of percolation threshold phase fraction of NiFe
2
O
4
in the composite sample could be responsible for the enhancement of optical band gap and magnetization. Beyond the percolation phase fraction, the magnetization decreased along with the coercivity and exchange bias. The appearance of enhanced optical property, single domain structure, ferromagnetic behaviour and high-energy product suggests the usefulness of the sample for photocatalyst, magnetic sensor and magnetic refrigerator applications.
Ion tracks in silica for engineering the embedded nanoparticles Avasthi, D.K.; Mishra, Y.K.; Singh, F. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms,
10/2010, Letnik:
268, Številka:
19
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Swift heavy ions have unique feature of creating ion tracks in insulators of dimension from a few nm to about 10
nm. This particular feature of the swift heavy ions is used to engineer the size and ...shape of the nanoparticles embedded in silica matrix. On the basis of several experiments, it is evidenced that the embedded nanoparticles either grow in size or reduce in size, if they are smaller than or comparable to the ion track size. The shape transformation from spherical to elongated along the beam direction occurs, when the nanoparticle size is larger than the ion track diameter in silica. The reduction, growth and elongation of Au nanoparticles embedded in silica matrix under swift heavy ion irradiation have been discussed in the frame work of thermal spike model.
Bacillus sporothermodurans produces highly heat-resistant endospores, that can survive under ultra-high temperature. High heat-resistant sporeforming bacteria are one of the main causes for spoilage ...and safety of low-acid foods. They can be used as indicators or surrogates to establish the minimum requirements for heat processes, but it is necessary to understand their thermal inactivation kinetics. The aim of the present work was to study the inactivation kinetics under both static and dynamic conditions in a vegetable soup. Ordinary least squares one-step regression and sequential procedures were applied for estimating these parameters. Results showed that multiple dynamic heating profiles, when analyzed simultaneously, can be used to accurately estimate the kinetic parameters while significantly reducing estimation errors and data collection.
Display omitted
•Dynamic heating profiles can result in accurate and precise parameter estimation.•Experimental effort can be reduced significantly with dynamic optimization.•Ordinary least squares and sequential procedures are efficient optimization tools.
A novel surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 virus is proposed in this article. The biosensor is a Kretschmann configuration-based structure that consists of CaF
2
prism as base, ...at which silver (Ag), TiO
2
, and MXene nanolayers are used to enhance the performance. Theoretically, the performance parameters have been investigated by means of Fresnel equations and transfer matrix method (TMM). The TiO
2
nanolayer not only prevents oxidation of Ag layer but also enhances the evanescent field in its vicinity. The sensor provides an ultrahigh angular sensitivity of 346°/RIU for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Some other performance parameters, including FWHM (full width at half maxima), detection accuracy (DA), limit of detection (LOD), and quality factor (QF) have also been calculated for proposed SPR biosensor with their optimized values 2.907°, 0.3439 deg
−1
, 1.445 × 10
−5
, and 118.99 RIU
−1
, respectively. The obtained results designate that the proposed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensor has notably enhanced angular sensitivity as compared to previous results reported in the literatures till date. This work may facilitate a significant biological sample sensing device for fast and accurate diagnosis at early stage of SARS-CoV-2 virus.
