Quantum computing is offering a novel perspective for solving combinatorial optimization problems. To fully explore the possibilities offered by quantum computers, the problems need to be formulated ...as unconstrained binary models, taking into account limitation and advantages of quantum devices. In this work, we provide a detailed analysis of the travelling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW) in the context of solving it on a quantum computer. We introduce quadratic unconstrained binary optimization and higher-order binary optimization formulations of this problem. We demonstrate the advantages of edge-based and node-based formulations of the TSPTW problem. Additionally, we investigate the experimental realization of the presented methods on a quantum annealing device. The provided results pave the path for utilizing quantum computer for a variety of real-world tasks which can be cast in the form of travelling salesman problem with time windows.
Opinion formation is one of the most fascinating phenomena observed in human communities, and the ability to predict and to control the dynamics of this process is interesting from the theoretical as ...well as practical point of view. Although there are many sophisticated models of opinion formation, they often lack the connection with real life data, and there are still sociological processes that need to be explained. To address this, we propose a model describing the dynamics of opinion formation which mimics the process of the virus or disease spreading in the population. The introduced model is motivated by the model of disease spread with three possible channels — direct contact, indirect contact, and contact with “contaminated” elements. We demonstrate that the presence of “contaminated” elements, which in the case of on-line communities can be represented as the content published on the Internet, has considerable impact on the process of opinion formation. We argue that by using a simple mechanism of opinion spreading via passive elements, the introduced model captures the meaningful elements of opinion formation in complex communities. The presented work provides a step towards formulating universal laws governing social as well as physical or technical systems.
•Model incorporating three mechanisms shaping the dynamics of opinion formation, mimicking the dynamics of the virus spreading in the population.•Study of the interplay between the direct and indirect mechanisms shaping the opinion dynamics.•Assessment of the impact of the indirect communication channel on the stability of the opinion formation.
Nonclassical phenomena can be enhanced by introducing q‐deformation in optomechanical systems. This motivates investigation of the optical response in a q‐deformed linearly coupled optomechanical ...system. The system consists of two deformed cavities that are linearly coupled to the motion of mechanical mirrors, and the cavities are coupled to each other by transmission strength parameter. This study shows that compared to non‐deformed cases, the deformed system exhibits more rapid phase transition at the positions of transparency windows, causing stronger and enhanced fast and slow light phenomena. Moreover, in the region 0<q<0.5$0<q<0.5$, the optomechanical system results in gain. Additionally, for a fixed deformation of cavities, by tuning the tunneling strength and optomechanical coupling, one can observe a delay and advancement in probe field in the order of milliseconds and even above milliseconds for fine‐tuning of the coupling parameters. Finally, the bridge between mathematical and physical models is built by assuming the deformation to be a primitive root of unity, which indicates a class of anyon models. These results demonstrate that q‐deformation provides a novel method for manipulating and significantly enhancing optical phenomena not only in arbitrarily deformed optomechanical systems but also in anyon models.
This work investigates the effect of nonlinearity raised due to the introduction of q‐deformation in an optomechanical system. As a part of the investigation, the transmission, phase, and the corresponding ground delay are studied. It is found that the fast and slow light phenomena in the deformed system are enhanced compared to non‐deformed and can even go above milliseconds.
Smart development, primarily based on smart city technologies, also requires the existence of smart communities. Smart communities are influenced by social developments in the community, which are ...dynamic and determined by individuals’ social levels. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the use of social capital in building a smart society. The author draws attention to the significance of social capital in terms of social innovations and participation in the sustainable development of the smart city. The article uses the qualitative method analysis i.e. a literature review, and discusses (often critically) the relevance of particular forms, types and functions of social capital to smart development. The author explored how the use of social capital in the community encourages community empowerment and innovative activities and accelerates the development of a smart community. The results confirm that trust, appropriate norms and cooperation among residents affect smart development. Accordingly, social capital is essential in developing smart communities and smart cities. The paper’s original contribution opens the prospects for further research on social capital.
We introduce the model of generalized open quantum walks on networks using the Transition Operation Matrices formalism. We focus our analysis on the mean first passage time and the average return ...time in Apollonian networks. These results differ significantly from a classical walk on these networks. We show a comparison of the classical and quantum behaviour of walks on these networks.
W erze cyfrowej, jednym z popularnych źródeł szukania informacji stał się Internet. Zamieszczane w nim informacje nie zawsze są wiarygodne. Celem artykułu było określenie, w jakim stopniu odbiorcy ...weryfikują wiarygodność informacji zamieszczonych w Internecie oraz scharakteryzowanie kryteriów, pomocnych przy ocenie wiarygodności informacji zamieszczonych w Internecie. Realizacja celu opierała się na analizie literatury przedmiotu oraz raportów poświęconych zagadnieniom korzystania z Internetu. W artykule zamieszczono m.in. charakterystykę atrybutów informacji składających się na jej jakość, ponieważ stanowią one główne wyznaczniki przy określaniu kryteriów oceny informacji. Tematyka jest o tyle ważna, że świadomość oraz wiedza internautów, w jaki sposób korzystać z informacji zamieszczanych w Internecie, może zabezpieczać przed cyberatakami oraz ułatwiać podejmowanie decyzji i kształtować odpowiednie zachowanie. Literatura przedmiotu i tutoriale dostarczają wskazówek, pomagających ocenić jakość informacji, ale jak wynika z badań, użytkownicy Internetu rzadko kiedy świadomie weryfikują prezentowane tam treści. Pewną trudnością jest też ustalenie, na ile cecha, jaką jest wiarygodność informacji, może być wystarczająca przy podejmowaniu decyzji.
In the digital era, the Internet has become one of the popular sources of searching for information. The information contained therein is not always reliable. The aim of the article was to determine to what extent the recipients verify the credibility of information posted on the Internet and to characterize the criteria helpful in assessing the credibility of information posted on the Internet. The implementation of the goal was based on the analysis of the literature on the subject and reports on the use of the Internet. The article includes, among others characteristics of the information attributes that make up its quality, as they are the main determinants in determining the criteria for evaluating information. The subject matter is so important that the awareness and knowledge of Internet users on how to use information posted on the Internet may protect against cyber attacks and facilitate decision-making and appropriate behavior. The literature on the subject and tutorials provide guidelines to help assess the quality of information, but research has shown that Internet users rarely consciously verify the content presented there. It is also difficult to determine to what extent the quality of information credibility may be sufficient when making decisions.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a well-known coagulase-positive staphylococcus that is mainly associated with the asymptomatic colonization of the skin of pets and mucous membranes. Little is ...still known about the occurrence of S. pseudintermedius in cats. The current study aimed to characterize the isolates of S. pseudintermedius from sick and healthy cats. This was achieved by examining their antibiotic resistance properties, biofilm formation, and genotype differences. Six hundred and seventy-six cats were swabbed (595 healthy and 81 sick cats). Thirty-five distinct S. pseudintermedius isolates from 27 cats were isolated. The prevalence of S. pseudintermedius in healthy and sick cats was 2.49% and 7.61%, respectively. In comparison, MRSP (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) prevalence was 0.12% and 2.98%, respectively. Cats were more frequently colonized with S. pseudintermedius when kept with dogs, regardless of their health condition, with this result being statistically significant. Multidrug resistance was detected in 50%, and 38.46% of S. pseudintermedius isolates from healthy and sick cats, respectively. In contrast, genetic multidrug resistance was detected in 59% and 46.15% cases, respectively. Seven from eight isolated MRSPs were multidrug-resistant. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) assigned isolates to 19 types, of which 16 types submitted for the first time to the PubMLST database. The most frequently detected STs (sequence types) were 551 and 71. ST71 and ST551 were mainly isolated from cats with clinical signs of infection. All were MRSPs, regardless of cats' health. These isolates were characterized with the most frequent antibiotic resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic level.
We introduce a framework suitable for describing standard classification problems using the mathematical language of quantum states. In particular, we provide a one-to-one correspondence between real ...objects and pure density operators. This correspondence enables us: (1) to represent the nearest mean classifier (NMC) in terms of quantum objects, (2) to introduce a quantum-inspired version of the NMC called quantum classifier (QC). By comparing the QC with the NMC on different datasets, we show how the first classifier is able to provide additional information that can be beneficial on a classical computer with respect to the second classifier.
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