The K2K experiment observes indications of neutrino oscillation: a reduction of nu(mu) flux together with a distortion of the energy spectrum. Fifty-six beam neutrino events are observed in ...Super-Kamiokande (SK), 250 km from the neutrino production point, with an expectation of 80.1(+6.2)(-5.4). Twenty-nine one ring mu-like events are used to reconstruct the neutrino energy spectrum, which is better matched to the expected spectrum with neutrino oscillation than without. The probability that the observed flux at SK is explained by statistical fluctuation without neutrino oscillation is less than 1%.
The Super-Kamiokande detector Fukuda, S.; Hayakawa, T.; Ichihara, E. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2003, Letnik:
501, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Super-Kamiokande is the world's largest water Cherenkov detector, with net mass 50,000 tons. During the period April, 1996 to July, 2001, Super-Kamiokande I collected 1678 live-days of data, ...observing neutrinos from the Sun, Earth's atmosphere, and the K2K long-baseline neutrino beam with high efficiency. These data provided crucial information for our current understanding of neutrino oscillations, as well as setting stringent limits on nucleon decay. In this paper, we describe the detector in detail, including its site, configuration, data acquisition equipment, online and offline software, and calibration systems which were used during Super-Kamiokande I.
The flavor ratio of the atmospheric neutrino flux and its zenith angle dependence have been studied in the multi-GeV energy range using an exposure of 25.5 kiloton-years of the Super-Kamiokande ...detector. By comparing the data to a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, the ratio (
μ/
e)
DATA/(
μ/
e)
MC was measured to be 0.66±0.06(stat.)±0.08(sys.). In addition, a strong distortion in the shape of the
μ-like event zenith angle distribution was observed. The ratio of the number of upward to downward
μ-like events was found to be 0.52
+0.07
−0.06(stat.)±0.01(sys.), with an expected value of 0.98±0.03(stat.)±0.02(sys.), while the same ratio for the
e-like events was consistent with unity.
A novel structure of orbital ordering is found in a Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 thin film, which exhibits a clear first-order transition, by synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements. Lattice parameters vary ...drastically at the metal-insulator transition at 170 K (= T(MI)), and superlattice reflections appear below 140 K (= T(CO)). The electronic structure between T(MI) and T(CO) is identified as A-type antiferromagnetic with a d(x2-y2) ferro-orbital ordering. The new type of antiferro-orbital ordering characterized by the wave vector (1/4 1/4 1/2) in cubic notation emerges below T(CO). The accommodation of the large lattice distortion at the first-order phase transition and the appearance of the novel orbital ordering are brought about by the anisotropy in the substrate, a new parameter for the phase control.
We report a case of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity as a possible underlying aetiology, based on clinical findings, three-dimensional computed tomography and ...thermographic imaging.
We present a case report in which we describe the investigation and clinical course of progressive facial hemiatrophy, and we also review the world literature on this condition.
To our knowledge, this is the first report in the world literature of progressive facial hemiatrophy with cervical sympathetic hyperactivity indicated as a possible underlying aetiology, based on clinical findings, three-dimensional computed tomography and thermographic imaging.
This syndrome may lead to atrophy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue with hyperfunction of the vegetative system. Although this is a rare syndrome, otolaryngologists should be aware of its symptoms, aetiology and treatment.
Ultrafast melting of a charge-ordered state has been observed in the photo-irradiated colossal magnetoresistive compound Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3. Pump-and-probe spectroscopy experiments reveal the formation ...of a conducting phase with typical features of an insulator--metal transition (IMT) after less than 1 ps. This phase is metastable and can be maintained for about 1 *ms unless it is stabilized persistently into a pathlike metallic region by an electric field. Although laser-induced lattice heating may play a role in the initial excitation, electronic correlations are the dominant effect which leads to the formation of the metallic state upon the breakdown of the charge-ordered state.
A homogeneous colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect at low temperatures has been found in a thin-film perovskite manganite Pr0.5Sr0.5MnO3. The transition is driven not by the spin alignment as in ...usual CMR in bulk samples but by the localization-delocalization transition switched by the change in the effective dimensionality. Two-dimensional (x2-y2)-orbital ordering enhanced by the substrate strain is essential for the stabilization of the insulating localized state, which is on the verge of the first-order transition to the three-dimensional metallic ferromangetic state.
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