High-explosive driven generators of cylindrical and plane shock waves in D2 and H2 were used for the generation of warm and dense strongly nonideal matter with an intense interparticle interaction ...and Fermi statistics. Highly resolved flash x-ray diagnostics were used to measure the adiabatic plasma compressibility. The thermodynamic measurements demonstrated the 20% increase of density at megabar pressure, just in the density range, where the electrical measurements indicated a sharp--5 orders of magnitude--increase of electrical conductivity due to pressure ionization in strongly coupled plasmas.
First results on
-dependence measurements in inclusive
meson production in
interactions (
, Al, Cu, Sn, and W) are presented at
GeV/
c
. The ratios of the differential cross sections of four of these ...nuclei to the differential cross section on aluminum were measured and the dependence of these cross sections on the atomic of the nucleus was studied. The measurements were carried out in the kinematic region of the Feynman variable
and transverse momentum
GeV/
c
.
mesons were detected in the decay mode
at the SPASCHARM experimental setup using negative charged beams at beamline 14 of the U-70 accelerator complex.
We present our experimental results on the compressibility of strongly coupled (nonideal) degenerate deuterium and helium plasmas quasi-isentropically compressed to pressures
P
~ 20 TPa in devices ...with a spherical geometry. The trajectories of the plasma-compressing metallic shells were recorded with the help of powerful pulsed X-ray sources (betatrons) with a boundary electron energy of 60 MeV. A high-current accelerator with a penetrability of objects with an equivalent thickness of 250-mm of lead has been used for the first time as an X-ray source in our experiments. Plasma densities up to ρ ≈ 14 g cm
–3
were determined from the measured radius of the shell at the instant of its “stopping.” We derived the compressed-plasma pressure based on our gasdynamic computations including the real characteristics of the experimental devices.
The pulsed method of measuring impedance is described. The cell is galvanostatically stimulated by a bipolar current signal of square shape. The cell response is registered by sampling U+i, U−i with ...selected period Δt. The impedance spectra are calculated by direct Fourier transform. The internal resistance of the lithium sulphur cell is characteristically minimum in the calculated impedance diagrams in the frequency range of 0.035–5 Hz. It is shown that the lithium sulphur cells have maximum internal resistance at the transient between high and low voltage plateaus of charge and discharge curves. The internal resistance increases significantly during the initial stages of cycling because of the formation of passivation layers at the electrodes. It was found that the internal resistance of the lithium sulphur cell in the same charge state is governed by the way in which it is achieved. This is explained by differences in molar volumes of products generated in the sulphur electrode by electrochemical reaction during charging and discharging.
•The pulsed method as a way to determine the internal resistance of batteries.•The internal resistance of Li–S cells depends on the depth of charge and discharge.•The polarization direction of lithium sulphur cell governs the internal resistance.
Summary
Background
The Trichophyton rubrum species group consists of prevalent causative agents of human skin, nail and hair infections, including T rubrum sensu stricto and T violaceum, as well as ...other less well‐established or debatable taxa like T soudanense, T kuryangei and T megninii. Our previous study provided limited evidence in favour of the existence of two genetic lineages in the Russian T rubrum sensu stricto population.
Objectives
We aimed to study the genetic structure of the Russian population of T rubrum and to identify factors shaping this structure.
Methods
We analysed the polymorphism of 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR or microsatellite) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism in the TERG_02941 protein‐coding gene in 70 T rubrum isolates and performed a phylogenomic reconstruction.
Results
All three types of data provided conclusive evidence that the population consists of two genetic lineages. Clustering, performed by means of microsatellite length polymorphism analysis, was strongly dependent on the number of nucleotide repeats in the 5’‐area of the fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase gene. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) on the basis of SSR typing data indicated that 22%‐48% of the variability was among groups within T rubrum. There was no clear connection of population structure with types of infection, places of geographic origin, aldolase gene expression or urease activity.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that the Russian population of T rubrum consists of two cosmopolitan genetic lineages.
We present data on the quasi-isentropic compressibility of a strongly coupled (nonideal) plasma of a deuterium–helium mixture in the range of pressures 150–250 GPa in devices with a cylindrical ...geometry and a new result obtained in an experiment with “pure” deuterium at a pressure ~200 GPa. The trajectory of the plasma-compressing metallic shells was recorded using powerful pulsed X-ray sources with a boundary electron energy up to 60 MeV. The densities of the plasma of deuterium and its mixture with helium were determined from the measured radii of the shells at the instant of their “stopping.” We derived the pressure of the compressed plasma based on gasdynamic computations including the real characteristics of the experimental devices. The data obtained confirm the conclusion previously reached at VNIIEF about a phase transition in the plasma of compressed deuterium in the range of pressures 150–160 GPa and suggest that this phase transition is retained in the mixture of deuterium with helium.
The quasi-isentropic compressibility of a strongly nonideal helium plasma in the pressure range 250–600 GPa is experimentally studied in devices with cylindrical geometry. The temperature at the ...front of a cylindrical shock wave in helium (
T
≈ 10 000 K) and the flight speed of the inner cascade (
W
≈ 3.5 km/s), in the cavity of which the maximum compressed plasma density is achieved, are measured. Data on the compression of a nonideal helium plasma to a density ρ ≈ 3 g/cm
3
at an approximately constant final temperature of 21000 K are obtained. The trajectories of the metallic shells compressing the plasma are detected using high-power pulsed X-ray sources with a boundary electron energy of up to 60 MeV. The helium plasma density is determined using the radii of the shells measured at the time of their “stop.” The compressed plasma pressure is obtained using gasdynamic calculations. Comparative theoretical calculations of the quasi-isentropic compression parameters have been carried out using the following two theoretical models: the traditional chemical plasma model (SAHA code) and an ab initio quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) approach. No anomaly of the experimental data in the pressure range of the plasma phase transition theoretically assumed in helium is detected.
The changes in the properties of lithium–sulphur cell components (electrolyte, sulphur and lithium electrodes) during cycling are studied by AC impedance spectroscopy. It is shown that during the ...charge and discharge of lithium–sulphur cells the conductivity of the electrolyte is changed. We believe that the observed changes in the electrolyte conductivity can be explained by the formation of soluble lithium polysulphides by electrochemical reactions. The properties of the electrolyte significantly influence the rate of the electrochemical processes which occur both on the sulphur and lithium electrodes in lithium–sulphur cells.
We have studied the interaction of polycrystalline samples of lithium nitride with metallic lithium. We have found that upon contact, metallic lithium spontaneously dissolves into polycrystalline ...lithium nitride samples. Spontaneous penetration of metallic lithium into polycrystalline samples of lithium nitride leads to the appearance of electronic conductivity and the formation of mixed ion-electronic conductors.
Display omitted
•Interaction of metallic lithium and polycrystalline lithium nitride is studied.•Metallic lithium spontaneously penetrates in a pellet of Li3N.•Penetration of lithium in Li3N leads to short circuit of the cell Li │ Li3N │ Li.•Penetration of Li in Li3N leads to the formation of mixed ion-electronic conductors.
A system of four magnets which is a part of the SPASCHARM experimental setup at the U-70 accelerator facility for the study of spin effects in hadronic interactions is described. An unique magnet ...with the field of 2.4 T and a field uniformity at the level of 10
–4
in a working volume of 60 cm
3
is used to pump up and hold polarization in a polarized proton frozen target. A special wide-aperture magnet is the central part of the spectrometer of the setup based on the drift tubes. For precision steering the beam to the center of the target, two small magnets correctors developed by the Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical Equipment have been manufactured and introduced into the setup.
PDF
