► The pretreatment with quercetin and with vitamin C before NaF administration prevented liver injury. ► Pretreatment with quercetin leads to a significant revival of the oxidative status. ► ...Antioxidant activity of quercetin played an important protective role in rat’s liver.
The protective effects of quercetin against sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress were examined in rat’s liver. Rats were divided into five groups. The first group served as normal group that was treated with standard diet. The second group was intoxicated with sodium fluoride (600ppm) through drinking water for 1week. The third, fourth and fifth groups were treated with quercetin at a dose of 10 and 20mg/kg and vitamin C (as the positive control) at a dose of 10mg/kg intraperitoneally for 1week before sodium fluoride intoxication, respectively. After 1week, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, level of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation end product were determined in the homogenates of rat liver. The results of the present study suggested that quercetin protects rat liver from sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress, probably via its antioxidant activity.
Curcumin and Liver Disease: from Chemistry to Medicine Nabavi, Seyed Fazel; Daglia, Maria; Moghaddam, Akbar Hajizadeh ...
Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety,
January 2014, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Curcumin, the natural yellow‐colored active principle, also called turmeric yellow, extracted from the perennial herb Curcuma longa L., has potent biological and pharmacological properties such as ...antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, anti‐ischemic, antitumor, and anticancer actions. The molecular mechanism of the hepatoprotective action of curcumin is due to its antioxidant properties and inhibitory activity against nuclear factor (NF)‐κB that regulates different proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Overall, scientific reports demonstrate that curcumin has high therapeutic ability for treating hepatic disorders. Here is a systematic discussion of the hepatoprotective activity of curcumin and its possible mechanisms of actions.
•Nano-Hst reduces the latency of VEP waves in lysolecithin-induced demyelination model.•Nano-Hst decreases the levels of activated microglia and reactive astrocytes in focal demyelination model of ...optic chiasm.•Nano-Hst enhances the endogenous remyelination of optic chiasm in lysolecithin–induced demyelination model.
Our recent report demonstrated that hesperetin (Hst) as a citrus flavonoid, significantly reduces the levels of demyelination in optic chiasm of rats. Previous evidence also indicated that nano-hesperetin (nano-Hst) possesses beneficial impacts in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease and autism. In this study, the effects of nano-Hst on latency of visual signals, demyelination levels, glial activation, and expression of Olig2 and MBP were evaluated in lysolecithin (LPC)-induced demyelination model. Focal demyelination was induced by injection of LPC (1%, 2 μL) into the rat optic chiasm. Animals received oral administration of nano-Hst at dose of 20 mg/kg for 14 or 21 days post LPC injection. Visual evoked potential (VEP) recording showed that nano-Hst reduces the latency of visual signals and ameliorates the extent of demyelination areas and glial activation. Expression levels of the Olig2 and MBP were also significantly increased in nano-Hst treated rats. Overall, our data suggest that nano-Hst reduces the latency of visual signals through its protective effects on myelin sheath, amelioration of glial activation, and enhancement of endogenous remyelination.
Introduction:studies have suggested that free radicals-induced neurodegeneration is one of the many studies of Parkinson Disease (PD). Quercetin as a natural polyphenol has been regarded as a ...significant player in altering the progression of neurodegenerative diseases by protecting from damages caused by free radicals. Owing to its poor water solubility, preparation of its oral formulation is urgently needed. Recently, nanocrystal technique as an effective way has been introduced for oral administration of drugs.Methods: This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of quercetin nanocrystals on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson-like model in male rats. Quercetin nanocrystals were prepared by the Evaporative Precipitation of Nanosuspension (EPN) method.Results: Administration of quercetin and its nanocrystals (10 and 25 mg/kg) prevented disruption of memory, increased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and total glutathione and reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the hippocampal area.Conclusion: The present study results demonstrated that quercetin nanocrystals with greater bioavailability is effective than quercetin alone in treatment of Parkinson-like model in rat.
Aging is the major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this study, the possible antioxidant and neuroprotective ...properties of the polyphenolic antioxidant compound, Curcumin against homocysteine (Hcy) neurotoxicity was investigated. Curcumin (5 and 50
mg/kg) was injected intraperitonealy once daily for a period of 10
days beginning 5
days prior to Hcy (0.2
μmol/μl) intrahippocampal injection in rats. Biochemical and behavioral studies, including passive avoidance learning and locomotor activity tests were studied 24
h after the last Curcumin or its vehicle injection. We detected Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Super oxide anion (SOA) in rats' hippocampi. Results indicated that Hcy could induce lipid peroxidation and increase MDA and SOA levels in rats' hippocampi. Additionally, Hcy impaired memory retention in passive avoidance learning test. However, Curcumin treatment decreased MDA and SOA levels significantly as well as improved learning and memory in rats. Histopathological analysis also indicated that Hcy could decrease hippocampus cell count and Curcumin inhibited this toxic effect. These results suggest that Hcy may induce lipid peroxidation in rats' hippocampi and polyphenol treatment (Curcumin) improved learning and memory deficits by protecting the nervous system against Hcy toxicity.
►Homocysteine (Hcy) could induce oxidative stress on the rat brain and induced lipid peroxidation in the rat's hippocampal tissue significantly ►Curcumin at low, middle and high doses inhibited hippocampus lipid peroxidation with Hcy ►Hcy significantly decreased cell density in Dentate Gyrus layer of hippocampus ►Curcumin improved cell density in Dentate Gyrus layer of hippocampus in Hcy-treated animals ►Hcy decreased latency time in passive avoidance leaning test that indicated the impairment of leaning and memory by Hcy ►Curcumin significantly improved Hcy-induced memory impairment ►Co-administration of Hcy with polyphenolic antioxidant, Curcumin protected neuronal cells against Hcy toxicity ►Two markers of lipid peroxidation including Malondialdehyde(MDA) and Super Oxide Anion (SOA) were detected by colorimetric method in the hippocampal homogenate of rat ►Histopathological analysis also showed the toxicity of Hcy on hippocampus cell density in the different layers of the rat's hippocampus
Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) induces behavioral disorders and enhancement of oxido-inflammatory stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the ...comparative effects of hesperetin (Hst) and nano-hesperetin on social behavior deficits and oxido-inflammatory indexes in prenatally valproic acid-exposed rat offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats on embryonic day 0 (E0) were segregated into six groups; Group-1 served as vehicle, received distillated water orally (PO) from E1 until the end of lactation and saline intraperitoneally (i.p) on E12.5. Group-2 received sodium valproate (500 mg/kg in 0.9% saline, i.p) on E12.5 was considered as VPA-exposed group, Group-3 to 6 were VPA-exposed which received hesperetin and nano-hesperetin (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, PO) from E0 until the end of lactation respectively. Social interaction and open field tests were conducted on postnatal day 28 (PND 28) and PND 30, cerebral antioxidant enzymes activity and biochemical indexes, the level of inflammatory factors in plasma and histopathology of cerebellum were estimated on PND 28 and PND 30. Prenatal valproic acid-exposed rat exhibited poor sociability and high level of anxiety-like behaviors (P < 0.05). In addition, increased level of oxidative stress and inflammation were found by determining different oxido-inflammatory markers. Hesperetin and nano-hesperetin treatment improved the behavioral disorder and reduced the oxidative stress in brain and significantly (p < 0.05) plasma's inflammation indexes. In conclusion, it can be state that nano-hesperetin exerts neuroprotective action in comparison with hesperetin and could be efficacious for treatment of VPA animal model of autism during pregnancy and lactation.
► Peltiphyllum peltatum is rich source of gallic acid. ► Gallic acid is well known for its good antioxidant ability. ► The pretreatment with gallic acid and silymarin prevents fluoride induced liver ...injury. ► Pretreatment with gallic acid leads to a significant revival of the oxidative status. ► Antioxidant ability of gallic acid is probably responsible for its hepatoprotective role.
In the present study, the possible protective effects of gallic acid isolated from Peltiphyllum peltatum against sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated. Rats were intoxicated with 600ppm NaF through drinking water for one week. Gallic acid (10 and 20mg/kg) and the positive control, silymarin (10mg/kg) were administrated for seven days prior to NaF intoxication. 24h after the treatment period, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione levels were measured in the liver. Serum biochemical markers including: alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase and α-amylase activities and triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein and albumin levels were determined. The results demonstrated that pretreatment with gallic acid normalized the sodium fluoride-induced alterations in serum parameters and oxidative stress in hepatic tissue. Fluoride intoxication resulted in an increased level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (53.05±2.23nmol MDA equiv./g tissue) in the liver homogenates in comparison with control group (25.03±1.27nmol MDA equiv./g tissue). Pretreatment with gallic acid at 20mg/kg demonstrated significant mitigation in TBARS level (33.95±2.51nmol MDA equiv./g tissues). Fluoride intoxication did also suppress the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of hepatic tissue homogenates by 33.87% and 66.87%, respectively. Treatment with gallic acid resulted in a dose-dependent mitigation of the fluoride-mediated suppression of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, gallic acid prevented the NaF-induced abnormalities in the serum and hepatic biochemical markers.
The autism is an abnormality in the neuronal advance which starts before age 3 recognized by defective behaviors. This study aimed to make quercetin-loaded nanophytosomes (QNP) on behavioral ...deficits, cerebellar oxidative stress and apoptosis in an autistic-like model caused by maternal separation (MS). The newborn rats are randomly categorized into seven groups, including control, positive control, disease, and diseases treated with quercetin (10 and 40 mg/kg) and QNP (10 and 40 mg/kg). Pups exposed to MS for 3 h per day from postnatal days (PND) 1–9 showed behavioral impairment in adult rats compared to control group. The oral administration of quercetin and QNP was constantly started after the lactation period (21 postnatal days) for three weeks. Autistic-like behaviors, antioxidant parameters, and Nrf2, Bax/Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 expressions were surveyed in the cerebellum. Quercetin (40 mg/kg) treated improved some behavioral disorders. Also, the improvement of oxidative stress parameters, Nrf2 and apoptotic factors gene expression was observed in the cerebellum of quercetin (40 mg/kg) treated (p < 0.01). QNP treatment (10 and 40 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated anxiety-like behaviors, line crossing, and grooming index (p < 0.001), lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001), and increased catalase (CAT) (p < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p < 0.001) activity, and glutathione (GSH) levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, QNP significantly reduced Caspase-3 and Bax expression (p < 0.001), but increased Bcl-2, and Nrf2 expressions (p < 0.001). These findings indicated that QNP due to its high bioavailability was more effective than quercetin can be reduced autistic-like behavior, oxidative and apoptotic damages in the model of MS rats.
•QNPs ensure a targeted delivery with improved bioavailability.•QNPs treatment attenuates autistic-like behavior.•QNPs attenuate oxidative stress injury in MS rats.•QNPs show higher efficacy over free quercetin to improve MS-induced apoptosis.
Stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease that causes post-stress depression and death. Stress and inflammation have pivotal roles in the induction of the disease. Several drugs and agents have ...been used for the treatment of disease, but their uses are faced with limitations owing to their side effects. Natural agents are more efficient for the treatment of stroke due to lower toxicity and their pharmaceutical properties. Sake yeast or Japanese rice wine is an antioxidant compound that could be used to treat stroke and post-stress depression. This study evaluates the effects of sake yeast on depressive-like behaviors, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Rats were divided into four groups, including 1) control: without bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and sake supplement, 2) Ischemia group: rats induced with BCCAO and lack of therapeutic supplement, and 3 and 4) Ischemia + sake groups: rats induced with BCCAO and treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg sake yeast, respectively. Depressive-like behaviors antioxidant enzymes activities were assessed. The induction of stroke increased oxidant status, inflammatory parameters, and depressive-like behaviors, while the administration of sake could decrease inflammation, depressive-like behaviors, and oxidant status and increase antioxidant enzymes. The yeast could be used as a supplement in combination with other drugs to treat stroke.
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•Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) induces depression-like behaviors in rat.•Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion increased inflammatory parameters in PFC.•Japanese sake yeast decreased inflammation and oxidation in I/R rat model.•Japanese sake yeast decreased MDA and increased antioxidant enzymes activity.•Japanese sake yeast could be used to treat stroke and post-stress depression.
•CNP prevented ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors.•CNP shows higher efficacy over free curcumin to improve ketamine-induced oxidative stress.•CNP ensures a targeted delivery with enhanced ...bioavailability.
Curcumin as an antioxidant natural herb has shown numerous pharmacological effects. However, the poor bioavailability of curcumin is a significant pharmacological barrier for its antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted to develop curcumin-loaded nanophytosome (CNP) and explore their therapeutic potential in a ketamine (KET)-induced schizophrenia (SCZ) model. The mice in our experiment were treated orally with curcumin and CNP (20 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. In addition, the animals received intraperitoneal injection of KET (30 mg/kg/day) from the 16th to the 30th day. SCZ-like behaviors were evaluated employing forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and novel object recognition test (NORT), and oxidative stress markers in the brain were estimated. Our results revealed that CNP has a greater neuroprotective effect compared to free curcumin. CNP pretreatment significantly ameliorated KET-induced brain injury evidenced by a marked reduction in the depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, memory deficits, and oxidative stress markers in cortical and subcortical tissues. Therefore, CNP, as a suitable drug delivery system, may improve curcumin bioavailability and confer stronger neuroprotective effects against KET-induced behavioral deficits and oxidative damages.
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