Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has emerged as a global pandemic worldwide. In this study, we used ARTIC ...primers-based amplicon sequencing to profile 225 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from India. Phylogenetic analysis of 202 high-quality assemblies identified the presence of all the five reported clades 19A, 19B, 20A, 20B, and 20C in the population. The analyses revealed Europe and Southeast Asia as two major routes for introduction of the disease in India followed by local transmission. Interestingly, the19B clade was found to be more prevalent in our sequenced genomes (17%) compared to other genomes reported so far from India. Haplotype network analysis showed evolution of 19A and 19B clades in parallel from predominantly Gujarat state in India, suggesting it to be one of the major routes of disease transmission in India during the months of March and April, whereas 20B and 20C appeared to evolve from 20A. At the same time, 20A and 20B clades depicted prevalence of four common mutations 241 C > T in 5' UTR, P4715L, F942F along with D614G in the Spike protein. D614G mutation has been reported to increase virus shedding and infectivity. Our molecular modeling and docking analysis identified that D614G mutation resulted in enhanced affinity of Spike S1-S2 hinge region with TMPRSS2 protease, possibly the reason for increased shedding of S1 domain in G614 as compared to D614. Moreover, we also observed an increased concordance of G614 mutation with the viral load, as evident from decreased Ct value of Spike and the ORF1ab gene.
Summary Few studies have reported the effects of lumbar spine mobilization on neurodynamics. In a recent study, Szlezak et al. (2011) reported immediate improvement of posterior chain neurodynamics ...range of passive straight leg raise (SLR) following ipsilateral lumbar spine zygopophyseal (Z) joint mobilization. We re-duplicated the study with a 24 h follow-up measurement. Sixty healthy college students were assigned to two groups, mobilization and control. The mobilization group received ipsilateral grade 3 Maitland mobilizations to Z joint at a frequency of 2 MHz for 3 min and the control group received no treatment. The SLR was measured before and after the intervention for both the groups on the day of testing and 24-h later. Repeated measures ANOVA showed statistically significant pre to post improvement in SLR range after mobilization. The improvement was retained at 24-h. The results of the study are consistent with Szlezak et al. (2011).
The present work revealed that salinity, water temperature, and food availability were the most crucial factors affecting the abundance of larvae and their settlement as macrofouling community in the ...coastal waters of Kalpakkam. Quantitative as well as qualitative results showed that late post-monsoon (April–May) and pre-monsoon (June–September) periods were found to be suitable periods for larval growth, development, and survival to adult stages for most of the organisms. Clustering of physico-chemical and biological (including larval and adult availability) data yielded two major clusters; one formed by northeast (NE) monsoon months (October–January) and the other by post-monsoon/summer (February–May) months, whereas; pre-monsoon months (June–September) were distributed between these two clusters. Among all the major macrofouler groups, only bivalves established a successful relationship between its larval abundance and adult settlement. Principal component analysis indicated good associations of bivalve larvae with polychaete larvae and adult bivalves with adult barnacles. However, biotic relation between ascidians and bryozoans was observed both in the larval as well as adult community.
A number of guidelines are available for the management of congenital heart diseases (CHD) from infancy to adult life. However, these guidelines are for patients living in high-income countries. ...Separate guidelines, applicable to Indian children, are required when recommending an intervention for CHD, as often these patients present late in the course of the disease and may have coexisting morbidities and malnutrition. Guidelines emerged following expert deliberations at the National Consensus Meeting on Management of Congenital Heart Diseases in India, held on August 10 and 11, 2018, at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. The meeting was supported by Children's HeartLink, a nongovernmental organization based in Minnesota, USA. The aim of the study was to frame evidence-based guidelines for (i) indications and optimal timing of intervention in common CHD; (ii) follow-up protocols for patients who have undergone cardiac surgery/catheter interventions for CHD; and (iii) indications for use of pacemakers in children. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for indications and timing of intervention in common CHD, including left-to-right shunts (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and others), obstructive lesions (pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of aorta), and cyanotic CHD (tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries, univentricular hearts, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Ebstein's anomaly, and others). In addition, protocols for follow-up of postsurgical patients are also described, disease wise. Guidelines are also given on indications for implantation of permanent pacemakers in children.
A number of guidelines are available for management of congenital heart diseases from infancy to adult life. However, these guidelines are for patients living in high-income countries. Separate ...guidelines, applicable to Indian children, are required when recommending an intervention for congenital heart diseases, as often these patients present late in the course of the disease and may have co-existing morbidities and malnutrition.
Guidelines emerged following expert deliberations at the National Consensus Meeting on Management of Congenital Heart Diseases in India, held on the 10th and 11th of August, 2018 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences.
The aim of the study was to frame evidence-based guidelines for (i) indications and optimal timing of intervention in common congenital heart diseases and (ii) follow-up protocols for patients who have undergone cardiac surgery/catheter interventions for congenital heart diseases.
Evidence-based recommendations are provided for indications and timing of intervention in common congenital heart diseases, including left-to-right shunts, obstructive lesions, and cyanotic congenital heart diseases. In addition, protocols for follow-up of postsurgical patients are also described.
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•Scale-up studies for CO2(g) fixation using haloalkalophilic strain H. stevensii.•Development of efficient downstream bio-processing strategy for product recovery.•Process feasibility ...analysis by material balance and thermodynamic assessment.•Economic feasibility analysis for the production of fatty alcohols (C12–C14).
In the present study, H. stevensii was cultivated on a semi-continuous mode in a laboratory scale bio-reactor using CO2(g) 15% (v/v) as carbon source and thiosulfate (S2O32−) as an energy source for the total duration of three days. Approximately, 100% CO2(g) removal from gaseous phase was achieved. Leachate obtained was subjected to different downstream bio-processing strategies. Biomass harvesting using filtration and recovery of metabolites without cell disruption using solvent extraction from wet biomass was observed as the best downstream processing strategy. Qualitative analysis of products was carried out using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and their results have indicated fatty alcohols (C8–C27) as primary metabolites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, approximate material balance and thermodynamic analysis have confirmed the intracellular assimilation of CO2(g) as HCO3− and its metabolization into fatty alcohols. Economic feasibility of the process has suggested that the developed downstream process has the capability to replace coconut oil based process for the production of fatty alcohols (C12–C14) and it can be utilized for the production of dodecanol as compared to the tetradecanol.
Background: The temporomandibular joint is a hinge joint which is formed by the mandible with articulation of the jaw with the cranium. The morphology of the mandible is evaluated by measuring the ...gonial angle ramus height and bigonial width.
Aim: The aim of this study to investigate the impact of age and gender on ramus height, gonial angle and bigonial width in the dentulous odisha population using digital panaromic radiographs.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 dentulous participants (25 males and 25 females) aged between 10 and 80 years were included in this study. The data were collected after comprehensive examination by 1 principal and two coinvestigators.
Statistical Analysis: The mean difference between gender and different age groups was calculated using SPSS version 20.0. Unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for comparison studied parameters according to gender, side and different age groups followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
Results: A statistically significant gender difference was seen for gonial angle, ramus height and bigonial width. All the parameters increased with increase in age. This difference was statistically significant on the right side for gonial angle and ramus height.
Conclusion: This study is useful as for age and sex determination using mandible as primary object in forensic odontology.
Justification
A number of guidelines are available for management of congenital heart diseases from infancy to adult life. However, these guidelines are for patients living in high income countries. ...Separate guidelines, applicable to Indian children, are required when recommending an intervention for congenital heart diseases, as often these patients present late in the course of the disease and may have co-existing morbidities and malnutrition.
Process
Guidelines emerged following expert deliberations at the National Consensus Meeting on Management of Congenital Heart Diseases in India, held on 10th and 11th of August 2018 at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. The meeting was supported by Children’s HeartLink, a non-governmental organization based in Minnesota, USA.
Objectives
To frame evidence based guidelines for (i) indications and optimal timing of intervention in common congenital heart diseases; (ii) follow-up protocols for patients who have undergone cardiac surgery/catheter interventions for congenital heart diseases.
Recommendations
Evidence based recommendations are provided for indications and timing of intervention in common congenital heart diseases, including left-to-right shunts (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and others), obstructive lesions (pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis and coarctation of aorta) and cyanotic congenital heart diseases (tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries, univentricular hearts, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Ebstein anomaly and others). In addition, protocols for follow-up of post surgical patients are also described, disease wise.
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