Objectives The purpose of this randomized study was to compare sirolimus-eluting stenting with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with unprotected left main (ULM) coronary artery ...disease. Background CABG is considered the standard of care for treatment of ULM. Improvements in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with use of drug-eluting stents might lead to similar results. The effectiveness of drug-eluting stenting versus surgery has not been established in a randomized trial. Methods In this prospective, multicenter, randomized trial, 201 patients with ULM disease were randomly assigned to undergo sirolimus-eluting stenting (n = 100) or CABG using predominantly arterial grafts (n = 101). The primary clinical end point was noninferiority in freedom from major adverse cardiac events, such as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and the need for target vessel revascularization within 12 months. Results The combined primary end point was reached in 13.9% of patients after surgery, as opposed to 19.0% after PCI (p = 0.19 for noninferiority). The combined rates for death and myocardial infarction were comparable (surgery, 7.9% vs. stenting, 5.0%; noninferiority p < 0.001), but stenting was inferior to surgery for repeat revascularization (5.9% vs. 14.0%; noninferiority p = 0.35). Perioperative complications including 2 strokes were higher after surgery (4% vs. 30%; p < 0.001). Freedom from angina was similar between groups (p = 0.33). Conclusions In patients with ULM stenosis, PCI with sirolimus-eluting stents is inferior to CABG at 12-month follow-up with respect to freedom from major adverse cardiac events, which is mainly influenced by repeated revascularization, whereas for hard end points, PCI results are favorable. A longer follow-up is warranted. (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention PCI With Drug-Eluting Stents DES Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft CABG for Patients With Significant Left Main Stenosis; NCT00176397)
Background: A growing body of literature suggests that schizophrenic patients often do not show the normal brain hemispheric asymmetry. We have found this for simple tones presented to the right ear ...in a previous study. In this study we extended this investigation to left ear stimulation and verbal stimuli.
Methods: With a whole-head neuromagnetometer, contra- and ipsilateral auditory-evoked magnetic fields in response to tones (1000 Hz) and to the syllables (“ba”) delivered to the left and right ears in separate runs were compared between schizophrenic patients (
n = 17) and healthy control subjects (
n = 15).
Results: In response to tones, all control subjects showed the expected asymmetry (contralateral predominance) of the auditory-evoked magnetic N100m (dipole moment). In the patient sample asymmetry was reversed following tones presented to the left ear in 47% and following tones to the right ear in 24%. In response to syllables, the asymmetry was similar between groups. In patients compared with control subjects the N100m was located more anterior without asymmetry between hemispheres.
Conclusions: Results suggest that deviation from the normal functional lateralization in schizophrenia appears in a proportion of patients at a basic stage of auditory processing, but may be compensated for at higher levels such as the processing of syllables.
We analyzed F-18 fluoro-deoxyglucose PET scans carried out in 18 drug-free patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) in order to evaluate relationships between cerebral metabolism and complex cognitive ...and behavioural features commonly associated with this disorder. These features (obsessions and compulsions, impulsivity, coprolalia, self-injurious behavior, echophenomena, depression, and measures of attentional and visuospatial dysfunction) were associated with significant increases in metabolic activity in the orbitofrontal cortices. Similar increases, although less robust, were observed in the putamen and, in the case of attentional and visuospatial measures, in the inferior portions of the insula. On the other hand, behavioral and cognitive features were not associated with metabolic rates in other subcortical (midbrain, ventral striatum), paralimbic (parahippocampal gyrus), or sensorimotor regions (supplementary motor area, lateral premotor or Rolandic cortices), in which metabolism had, in some cases more robustly, distinguished these TS patients from controls (Braun et al., 1993). These results suggest that a subset of regions in which metabolic activity appears to be associated with the diagnosis of TS per se, may be explicitly associated with the emergence of complex behavioral and cognitive features of the illness. This is most conspicuous in the orbitofrontal cortices, and it is consistent with the observation that these features resemble the elements of a behavioral syndrome typically seen in patients with lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex.
In der ästhetischen Theorie hat die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Häßlichen bis auf den heutigen Tag eine eher untergeordnete Rolle gespielt. Dafür dürften zwei Gründe verantwortlich sein: Zum einen ...wurde das Häßliche in der alteuropäischen Tradition des Wahren, Guten und Schönen als ein Mangel an Schönem begriffen, dem keine eigenständige Existenz zukommt. Und zum anderen hat die ästhetische Avantgarde mit dem Schlagwort von den ‚Nicht-mehr-schönen-Künsten‘ die Relevanz der ästhetischen Wertkategorien des Schönen und Häßlichen grundsätzlich in Frage gestellt. Doch die provokative Kraft, die das Häßliche insbesondere seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts in der künstlerischen Praxis entfaltet hat, zeigt, daß der Abgesang auf diese Kategorie einfach verfrüht war.
Angesichts des Fehlens einer umfassenden aktuellen und interdisziplinären Aufarbeitung der Ästhetik des Häßlichen liefert der vorliegende Band neben einer historischen Bestandsaufnahme eine begrifflich-systematische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Häßlichen, durch die neue Ansatzpunkte und Impulse für eine kunstphilosophische Thematisierung seiner diversen Erscheinungsformen gewonnen werden können. Das Häßliche soll durch die Beiträge dieses Bandes aus dem Schatten treten, den das Schöne wirft.
Einleitung
I. Historische Ansätze
Claudio La Rocca: Das Schöne und der Schatten. Dunkle Vorstellungen und ästhetische Erfahrung zwischen Baumgarten und Kant
Reinhard Brandt: Schön, Erhaben, nicht Häßlich. Überlegungen zur Entstehung und Systematik der Kantischen Theorie des ästhetischen Urteils
Paul Guyer: Kant und die Reinheit des Häßlichen
Marie-Luise Raters: Metaphysische Schönheit und ästhetische Häßlichkeit. Die Bandbreite der Kunst in Hegels Vorlesungen über die Ästhetik
Brigitte Scheer: Zur Theorie des Häßlichen bei Karl Rosenkranz
Werner Jung: Stimulans zum Leben oder Degenereszenz des Typus
Klaus Vondung: „Schön bei allem Grausigen“. Zur ambivalenten Faszination des Häßlichen zwischen Fin de siècle und Expressionismus
II. Systematische Debatten
Heiner F. Klemme: Gut ist gut „und sonst gar nichts“. Zur Logik ethisch-ästhetischer Wertprädikate bei G. E. Moore
Michael Pauen: Die Ästhetik des Häßlichen. Grauenhafte Probleme und eine schöne Bescherung
Josef Früchtl: Das Schweigen der Lämmer, oder Das Doppelgesicht des Horrors
Reinold Schmücker: Kann das schönste Mädchen jemals häßlich sein? Hermeneutische Spekulationen über einen Satz Adornos in weiterführender Absicht
Konrad Paul Liessmann: Der häßliche Mensch. Nietzscheanische Streifzüge durch das entstellte Gesicht
Christine Pries: Zu Unrecht im Schatten des Schönen. Das Erhabene – welches Erhabene? Notwendige begriffliche Klarstellungen in bezug auf eine häufig mißverstandene ästhetische Kategorie
Ursula Franke: Jenseits von schön und häßlich. Eine Skizze im Blick auf die Gegenwartskunst
Zu den Autorinnen und Autoren
A partial cDNA clone (PSnir) encoding the C-terminal region of nitrite reductase was isolated from a lambda gt11 library of the gymnosperm Pimus sylvestris (L.). Nucleotide sequence analysis showed ...that PSnir contains a reading frame encoding 105 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence revealed a homology to NiR of 63-68% to dicotyledoneous and of 57-59% to monocotyledoneous species. The protein region implicated to be involved in binding of the prosthetic group is highly conserved between the NiR of the gymnosperm and of angiosperms. In all organs (cotyledonary whorls, hypocotyls, roots) the pattern of NiR gene expression in response to nitrate and light is the same at the level of transcript accumulation and at the enzyme level. This suggests that regulation of NiR gene expression in the Scots pine seedling is predominantly at the level of transcript accumulation. The highest NiR appearance was observed in roots and hypocotyls. In the cotyledonary whorls only small amounts of NiR were found. In roots and hypocotyls the accumulation of NiR mRNA and the appearance of NiR protein is mainly controlled by nitrate, whereas the regulation of NiR gene expression in the whorls is strongly affected by light and the inducive effect of nitrate is only weak.
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