•Laser method for synthesis of bimetallic materials for enzyme-free microbiosensors.•Relationship between the structure of complexes and the properties of microbiosensors is shown.•The gap in ...knowledge about the structure of bimetal wine complexes has been filled.
The use of laser methods for synthesizing new materials for non-enzymatic electrochemical microsensors for express analysis of biological fluids is a promising scientific question.
Laser-induced chemical liquid phase deposition is the laser deposition of invisible miniature bimetallic deposits from aqueous solutions of salts and complexes of transition metals. Bimetallic complexes containing two transition metal cations in the shell of one ligand are of increased interest. There is an information gap in this area even for ligands such as tartrate. The studies carried out make it possible to obtain new information on the structure of bimetallic tartaric complexes in solutions containing simultaneously copper, nickel, silver, iron, and cobalt.
The article analyzes the relationship of the circumpolar countries in the framework of the sustainable development concept. The hypothesis of the interdependence of the development of circumpolar ...countries is considered. Interdependence in the development of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries has two conditions. The first condition means that it is obligatory to coordinate the policies of the circumpolar countries, aimed at developing the links between the circumpolar countries. The second condition means that income growth in the Arctic territory in one country stimulates income growth in the Arctic territory of the other countries. Foreign trade turnover is adopted as an indicator for assessing the volume and dynamics of trade cooperation among the countries. External debt and the volume of foreign direct investment in the circumpolar countries are adopted as indicators for the analysis of investment interaction and credit-and-financial interaction of the countries. The analysis of interaction in the field of ecology and environmental management was based on the study of the treaties regulating the issues of international interaction and legal regulation of ensuring the environmental safety of the Arctic region. The analysis of the cooperation among the countries does not demonstrate interdependence in the development of the Arctic territories of the circumpolar countries. The cooperation among the circumpolar countries exists, but the hypothesis of interdependence in the development is rejected.
Abstract The paper discusses the urgent problem of legal regulation of the Arctic territory. Developing the Arctic zone being under Russian jurisdiction has an considerable significance for effective ...and sustainable management of natural resources. The most important provisions of the Russian legislation, forming the scientifically-based approaches to economic activities in the Arctic region, are considered. The paper focuses on the key aspects of the legal concepts that are aimed at tackling the acute problems arising in the process of developing the Arctic coastal territories. The authors give attention to providing methods of comprehensive use of all Arctic resources and developing effective legal mechanisms to achieve the formulated economic objectives, with simultaneous creation of the legal basis for preserving the unique natural environment. So it is suggested that legal acts be developed to cover the most topical provisions of the economic activity processes in the afore-mentioned region. This objective can be reached relying on the goals of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Intensifying economic activities call for a more detailed legal regulation of the use of the northern territories, so it seems reasonable to adopt federal legal acts which would consider the specifics of the environment of the Arctic.
The paper focuses on the relevant issue of legislative regulation of the rights of indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic. The lands of the Arctic region have long been considered uninhabitable, ...and yet not for one century have they been explored and reclaimed by men. According to historical records, the Russian navigators sailed through the Arctic Ocean as early as the 11th century, and in the first half of the 16th century, a map of the Arctic Ocean seafloor was based on the drawings of Dmitry Gerasimov. By 16-17th centuries, the economic capacity of the Arctic territories was recognized both in Russia and in Western Europe. Some Arctic territories were featured in the treaties between the Muscovite state and the countries of Western Europe, which can be illustrated by the Treaty of Teusina signed with Sweden in 1595. However, the Government of the Russian Empire had long considered the development of the North as necessary, but not a top priority objective. In late 19th and early 20th century, the wealth of the Russian North was on the agenda again in the context of the economic boom and military growth of the leading European powers. In the USSR, the reclamation of the Arctic was limited to the development of natural resources, while the prospects of economic and industrial growth of the North as well as the associated legal regulations were also in prospect. Currently, the Arctic is a primary interest zone for Russia, the main acute issues remaining the reclamation and use of natural resources and legislative regulations of the indigenous peoples' rights.
Greenland Environmental Laws at the Present Stage Mokhorov, D A; Voskresenskaya, E V; Semenova, K A ...
IOP conference series. Earth and environmental science,
07/2020, Letnik:
539, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The article considers the environmental legislation of Greenland as the autonomy of the Arctic state, its environmental policy and the main stages of its development. The authors describe the ...interaction of Greenland with Denmark and the European Union in the field of energy, water management, fishing, climate policy, and pollution control. The conclusion is drawn that, despite the fact that the environmental development of the autonomy started only at the end of the 20th century, significant improvements have already been made in the legal regulation of energy and water resources protection. The main areas of concern for Greenland are waste management and climate change. Despite the participation of Greenland in the Arctic and European Union programs and the development of its national policies to combat climate change, the level of greenhouse gas emissions from the rest of the world has a negative effect on the environmental situation in Greenland, thereby confirming the fears of researchers about the irreversibility of the Greenland glaciers melting and the general climate warming by more than 1.5 °C to the beginning of 2100. Nevertheless, despite large mineral deposits on its territory, the government of Greenland pursues the policy of sustainable environmental development.
Despite developed regulatory framework enshrining legal status of indigenous small-numbered peoples and governmental law-enforcement practice, challenges appear in implementing rights of such ...population category. One of factors jeopardizing realization of Arctic indigenous peoples rights is interest of companies and states in Arctic resources development. A set of conditions from an increasing geopolitical and economic interests of states in Arctic resources development to challenges of sustainable development of the Arctic region leads to the need for states to negotiate and conclude a treaty with mechanisms for protecting Arctic indigenous peoples rights. The States parties to the 1982 UNCLOS, including Arctic states and indigenous representatives, are recommended to be involved in its elaboration. The Arctic states bear a special responsibility to ensure Arctic indigenous peoples rights. Such treaty should stipulate an obligation of each Arctic state to take the views of indigenous representatives in regulating legal relations with their participation. While the Artic resources development by resource companies is a factor posing a threat to protection of Arctic indigenous populations rights, activities of companies involve new jobs creation and social infrastructure development. The treaty should stipulate a mechanism for a balance between the interests of Arctic indigenous peoples and resource-extracting businesses.
The article substantiates the need to develop a holistic state financial policy for the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, including budget, tax and customs instruments for implementing this ...policy in the current economic conditions. The current financial policy system of the Russian Federation does not take into account the specific conditions of the development of the Arctic, it does not include special measures of state supervision aimed directly at supporting and stimulating the socio-economic development of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. For Russia, investment projects in the Arctic are not just hydrocarbon production projects on the continental shelf. These projects are designed to ensure national and economic security, develop infrastructure, mineral resources, Arctic production and improve the standards and quality of life of people, including indigenous peoples of the North.The author emphasizes that currently the mechanisms for implementing the state financial policy for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in terms of the scientific development of the region, the need for financial resources in the priority areas of the development of the Arctic, ways of attracting them and use efficiently, are not working effectively. A method of forming the state financial policy in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation is proposed to ensure sustainable socio-economic development in strategic macro regions and to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the Arctic policy. The article outlines the consistent formation of the mechanisms for regulating macro-regional development, which can take into account the impact of financial investments on the development of the Arctic, resource utilization factors, risk and efficiency. The stages of fiscal, tax, customs, financial and credit development, as well as financial and institutional mechanisms for the implementation of the national fiscal policy in the Arctic region of the Russian Federation were developed.
The article presents an analysis of the innovative and technological development of the Russian Arctic. Innovative development has a great significance for the economy of the country. Economic ...development of territories should be based on new knowledge and innovation. The purpose of the study is to assess the innovative and technological development of the Russian Arctic in order to forecast and create a strategy for the Russian Arctic based on knowledge and innovation. The author issues theoretical approaches to the problem of innovative and technological development of countries. The author suggests a methodology for innovative analysis and assesses the innovative and technological index of the Russian Arctic regions using the index method based on integrated index calculation. The analysis is based on the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation of 2015. The results of the study show that Arctic regions can be divided into three groups, namely: 1) regions with a high level of innovative and technological development (Krasnoyarsk region); 2) regions with a medium level of innovative and technological development (Arkhangelsk region, Komi Republic, Yamalo-Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous Areas); 3) the least developed regions (Nenets Autonomous Area). The results of the study can be used to create a strategy of innovative and technological development for each group of Russian Arctic regions.
The advantages of automated systems for magnetic inductive incoming quality control of raw materials of large metallurgical enterprises are demonstrated. Environmental risks under the existing visual ...control system were assessed.
Annotation. The aim of the current research is to scrutinize the role of the small states in Arctic regarding Latvia. The goal of the research is to reveal the small states promising cooperation ...routes in arctic region. By using regional research method to study the international cooperation situation there were revealed such budding routes as ecological safety, human resources, science, education, culture, investments, digitalization, cyber security, defense industry, rescue missions, telecommunications, IT technologies, mass media. At the same time the local method of the regional touch application allows to determine that Latvia as the other Baltic states should be a part of an integrated interaction with all the engaged countries basing on equal and parity mutual relations.
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