The article researches the role of shopping and multifunctional shopping centers, which are considered to be the largest places of attraction for the population and influential employers in the city, ...the most profitable type of commercial real estate. The information technology development, global logistics and the widespread introduction of the consumer society ideology as well as the population high motorization contribute to the increasing social importance of shopping centers in the modern world. Currently, shopping centers are becoming the most important architectural and social sites of the largest city. The article reveals the issue status today. The attractiveness and the need to introduce multifunctional shopping centers as places of attraction of the population in cities. Examples of world and domestic practice are given. The multifunctional shopping centers of the largest city in Russia, Rostov-on-Don, are analyzed in detail. Three concepts of a multifunctional shopping center are identified.
This Letter presents the results of a study of the radial displacement fields arising upon stretching of cylindrical samples before their disintegration. The object of study was sv-07Kh16N6 stainless ...steel wire containing filiform defects oriented along the sample axis. Using X-ray tomography of the sample necks, the coordinates of the defect points in the sample are determined and the displacement field is recovered from them. The resulting dependence is represented by an approximate formula.
High-carbon rocks at the northern margin of the Khanka terrane (Primorskii krai) have been found to host new occurrences of noble and rare-earth metals: the largest of them is the Filinskoye deposit. ...The graphite ores, hosting copper-bearing high-grade gold, silver, monazite, xenotime, sulfides, rutile, barite, and uraninite, demonstrate high ties of carbon with gold and rare earths. The graphite demonstrates δ
13
C from–2.1 to–5.5‰, corresponding to the mantle isotope composition. This suggests that the primary sources of the ore-forming system were deep carbon-bearing fluids.
Nanocomposite networks of surfactant micellar chains and natural bentonite clay nanoplates are studied by rheometry, small-angle neutron scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. It ...is shown that, in an aqueous medium in the presence of a small part of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, the molecules of a biodegradable zwitterionic surfactant, oleyl amidopropyl dimethyl carboxybetaine, form micron-length living micellar chains which entangle and form a network possessing well-defined viscoelastic properties. It is found that addition of negatively charged clay nanoplates leads to an increase in viscosity and relaxation time by an order of magnitude. This is explained by the incorporation of the nanoplates into the network as physical multifunctional crosslinks. The incorporation occurs via the attachment of semispherical end-caps of the micelles to the surface of the particles covered with a surfactant layer, as visualized by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. As the amount of nanoplates is increased, the rheological properties reach plateau; this is associated with the attachment of all end parts of micelles to nanoplates. The developed nanocomposite soft networks based on safe and eco-friendly components are promising for various practical applications.
Viscoelastic nanocomposites based on a matrix of semidilute aqueous solutions of entangled wormlike (polymer-like) micelles of a cationic surfactant and aluminosilicate nanoplates of montmorillonite ...clay, efficiently acting as crosslinks, were prepared and studied. The produced materials represent a new type of a self-assembling nanocomposite system. The results of changes in viscoelastic properties of nanocomposites when adding clay nanoplates are well described by a proposed interaction model which implies adsorption of wormlike micelles by end-caps to the surfactant layer formed on the nanoplates surface.
Wormlike micelles solutions of cationic surfactant were examined as surfactant concentration in the presence KCl salt. Dilute and semidilute regimes were determined. Concentration power law ...dependencies of the zero-shear viscosity and plateau modulus indicate on charged wormlike micelles network. SANS data prove long flexible wormlike micelles formation. Nanocomposite composed of the chains and magnetite particles was prepared. It was shown that particles addition leads to increase rheological parameters of the system which is in good agreement with suggestion that micellar chains can link to particles surface covered by surfactant to decrease number of end-caps.
Results of a study into the conditions for the purification of natural graphite using hydrodifluoride technology are presented. It has been established that the fluorination process using a 20% ...excess of NH
4
HF
2
enables one to attain the complete fluorination of impurity components in graphite. Laboratory modes of purifying graphite concentrate for producing concentrates with a carbon content of 99.5 and 99.9% have been developed.
A physicochemical study of cobalt-containing (10 wt %) silica-supported Fischer–Tropsch catalysts was carried out. The catalysts were obtained under subcritical conditions (
T
= 200°C,
P
= 8 MPa) ...using water (
T
c
= 374.1°C,
P
c
= 22.1 MPa) and propanol-2 (
T
c
= 235.6°C,
P
c
= 5.8 MPa). The obtained samples were compared with a 10 wt % Co/SiO
2
catalyst prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Comparison of the properties of catalysts in the liquid-phase Fischer–Tropsch synthesis showed that the sample prepared in subcritical water was the most active and selective to aliphatic C
6
–C
7
hydrocarbons. This sample is characterized by a high surface area (131.7 m
2
/g), a uniform distribution of particles in the active phase with an average size of 5 nm and higher accessibility of cobalt species for reagents. According to XPS data, the composition of catalyst active phase is mainly represented by two compounds: Co(OH)
2
and Co
3
O
4
.
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