Mycotoxins have several toxicological implications. In the present study, we evaluate the presence of aflatoxin B
1
(AFB
1
), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin (FB
1
) in paddy rice, polished rice, ...and maize from the fields and markets in Nayarit State (Mexico). The results indicated the presence of AFB
1
in 21.21% of paddy rice samples and 11.11% of market maize samples. OTA was present in only 3.03% (one sample) of paddy rice samples. FB
1
was detected in 87.50% and 88.88% of maize samples from field and market, respectively. The estimated human exposure was calculated for FB
1
using the probable daily intake (PDI), which suggested that FB
1
could contribute to the development of diseases through the consumption of contaminated maize. Positive samples indicated that some rice and maize samples were not suitable for human consumption. Further efforts are needed to continue monitoring mycotoxins and update national legislation on mycotoxins accordingly.
To describe the causes of graft loss, patient death and survival figures in kidney transplant patients in Spain based on the recipient's age.
The results at 5 years of post-transplant cardiovascular ...disease (CVD) patients, taken from a database on CVD, were prospectively analysed, i.e. a total of 2600 transplanted patients during 2000-2002 in 14 Spanish renal transplant units, most of them receiving their organ from cadaver donors. Patients were grouped according to the recipient's age: Group A: <40 years, Group B: 40-60 years and Group C: >60 years. The most frequent immunosuppressive regimen included tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids.
Patients were distributed as follows: 25.85% in Group A (>40 years), 50.9% in Group B (40-60 years) and 23.19% in Group C (>60). The 5-year survival for the different age groups was 97.4, 90.8 and 77.7%, respectively. Death-censored graft survival was 88, 84.2 and 79.1%, respectively, and non death-censored graft survival was 82.1, 80.3 and 64.7%, respectively. Across all age groups, CVD and infections were the most frequent cause of death. The main causes of graft loss were chronic allograft dysfunction in patients <40 years old and death with functioning graft in the two remaining groups. In the multivariate analysis for graft survival, only elevated creatinine levels and proteinuria >1 g at 6 months post-transplantation were statistically significant in the three age groups. The patient survival multivariate analysis did not achieve a statistically significant common factor in the three age groups.
Five-year results show an excellent recipient survival and graft survival, especially in the youngest age group. Death with functioning graft is the leading cause of graft loss in patients >40 years. Early improvement of renal function and proteinuria together with strict control of cardiovascular risk factors are mandatory.
A newly identified extracellular laccase produced by Streptomyces ipomoea CECT 3341 (SilA) was cloned and overexpressed, and its physicochemical characteristics assessed together with its capability ...to decolorize and detoxify an azotype dye. Molecular analysis of the deduced sequence revealed that SilA contains a TAT-type signal peptide at the N-terminus and only two cupredoxine domains; this is consistent with reports describing two other Streptomyces laccases but contrasts with most laccases, which contain three cupredoxine domains. The heterologous expression and purification of SilA revealed that the homodimer is the only active form of the enzyme. Its stability at high pH and temperature, together with its resistance to high concentrations of NaCl and to typical laccase inhibitors such as sodium azide confirmed the unique properties of this novel laccase. The range of substrates that SilA is able to oxidize was found to be pH-dependent; at alkaline pH, SilA oxidized a wide range of phenolic compounds, including the syringyl and guayacil moieties derived from lignin. The oxidative potential of this enzyme to use phenolic compounds as natural redox mediators was shown through the coordinated action of SilA and acetosyringone (as mediator), which resulted in the complete detoxification of the azo-type dye Orange II.
Las técnicas de regularización de la regresión múltiple pueden ser de gran utilidad para abordar problemas de colinealidad o sobreajuste. Además, pueden servir para seleccionar las variables ...independientes y reducir la multidimensionalidad, consiguiendo modelos más robustos y fáciles de interpretar. Se describen las técnicas de regresión de cresta (ridge) de lazo (lasso) y de red elástica.
Multiple regression regularization (shrinkage) techniques can be very useful to address collinearity or overfitting problems. In addition, they can be used to select the independent variables and reduce multidimensionality, achieving more robust and easy-to-interpret models. Ridge, lasso and elastic network regression techniques are described.
El F1-score, también llamado F-score o medida F, es un estimador de la capacidad de clasificación de una prueba que se usa con frecuencia en la ciencia de datos y en los algoritmos de inteligencia ...artificial y que puede ser de utilidad para la valoración de las pruebas diagnósticas. Es la media armónica de sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo, por lo que pondera el valor de ambos en un solo estimador.
The F1-score, also called F-score or F-measure, is an estimator of the classification capacity of a test that is frequently used in data science and artificial intelligence algorithms and that can be useful for evaluation of diagnostic tests. It is the harmonic mean of sensitivity and positive predictive value, so it weights the value of both in a single estimator.
Se revisan los parámetros que informan sobre la calidad de un modelo de regresión logística múltiple y que habitualmente proporcionan los programas estadísticos con los que se realizan. Se hace ...hincapié sobre la bondad de ajuste, la capacidad predictiva y la significación estadística del modelo.
The parameters that report on the quality of a multiple logistic regression model and that are usually provided by the statistical programs with which they are carried out are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the goodness of fit, the predictive capacity and the statistical significance of the model.
Se revisan los parámetros que informan sobre la calidad de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple y que habitualmente proporcionan los programas estadísticos con los que se realizan. Se hace hincapié ...sobre la bondad de ajuste, la capacidad predictiva y la significación estadística del modelo.
The parameters that report on the quality of a multiple linear regression model and that are usually provided by the statistical programs with which they are carried out are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the goodness of fit, the predictive capacity and the statistical significance of the model.
Se revisan los aspectos que deben valorarse para la lectura crítica de trabajos que emplean técnicas de aprendizaje automático, incluyendo la selección de participantes, el tratamiento de los datos ...durante el desarrollo del modelo y su implementación final en la práctica clínica.
The aspects that must be assessed for the critical appraisal of documents that use machine learning techniques are reviewed, including the selection of participants, the treatment of the data during the development of the model and its final implementation in clinical practice.
The non-interventional International Operations Hypoglycemia Assessment Tool (IO-HAT) study assessed the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-treated diabetes across nine countries, ...including a cohort of patients in Colombia.
Hypoglycemia incidence among patients with insulin-treated diabetes was assessed across 26 sites in Colombia. Hypoglycaemic events (any, nocturnal or severe) were reported in self-assessment questionnaires (SAQ) and patient diaries based on capillary blood glucose measurement or symptoms. Retrospective events (severe events 6 months before baseline and any event 4 weeks before baseline) were recorded in SAQ, Part 1, and prospective events (4 weeks from baseline) were recorded in SAQ, Part 2, and patient diaries. Differences in hypoglycemia incidence reported in the retrospective and prospective periods were assessed using two-sided tests.
Of the 664 patients assessed, 213 had type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 451 had type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nearly all patients experienced at least one hypoglycaemic event in the prospective period (97.1% T1D; 93.3% T2D). Rates of hypoglycemia (events per personyear, PPY) were higher prospectively than retrospectively for any hypoglycemia (T1D: 121.6 vs. 83.2, p<0.001; T2D: 28.1 vs. 24.6, p=0.127) and severe hypoglycemia (T1D: 15.3 vs. 9.2, p=0.605; T2D: 9.5 vs. 3.5 p=0.040).
These results, the first from a patient-reported dataset on hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients with diabetes in Colombia, show that patients reported higher rates of any hypoglycemia during the prospective period.
NCT02306681.
Una vez obtenidos los resultados de la búsqueda, esta puede refinarse y acotarse aún más con el uso de los filtros de Pubmed.
Once the search results are obtained, the search can be further refined ...and narrowed with the use of Pubmed filters.
PDF
