During a 2-year period in 2005–2007, we conducted surveillance of group A rotaviruses and other enteric agents among patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in 8 different cities of the ...Russian Federation. Fecal specimens were gathered from 3208 children (including 2848 children aged <5 years) and 1354 adults who were admitted to hospitals in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhnii Novgorod, Tyumen, Khabarovsk, Makhachkala, and Yakutsk. Polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect rotaviruses of groups A and C, noroviruses of genogroups I and II, astrovirus, sapovirus, and enteric adenoviruses (group F). Group A rotavirus was the most common viral pathogen detected among children aged <5 years (43.6%), followed by norovirus (12.5%), whereas norovirus was the pathogen most commonly detected in adults (11.9%). P and G genotypes were determined for 515 rotavirus specimens, and the most prevalent genotypes were G1P8 (44.9%), G4P8 (40.0%), G2P4 (8.5%), and G3P8 (6.6%). This study is the first multicenter study of rotaviruses in the Russian Federation and documents the important burden of disease caused by this pathogen, which soon may be preventable by vaccination
The article presents the results of etiological diagnostics of cases of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in children during the epidemic periods of 2014—2017, the material sampling was ...carried out at the Children's regional clinical hospital named after A.K. Piotrovich. Comparative material on the three seasons: 2014—2015, 2015—2016 and 2016—2017 years. The features of the annual dynamics of the frequency of allocation of various respiratory viruses are revealed. The most numerous group of patients was children first year of life (infants) — 154 (35.6 ± 2.3%). Among the hospitalized children prevailed patients with moderate severity (of 90.9 ± 1.3%). The causative agent was determined in 307 of 432 observed patients (71 ± 2.1%). It is shown that the predominant viral pathogen in all seasons is the rhinovirus. Among cases of community-acquired pneumonia the dominant pathogen is respiratory syncytial virus. Bocaviruses, metapneumoviruses and coronaviruses were more often found in the form of association with other viruses. The circulation of the influenza virus was accompanied by a decrease in the attention of other respiratory viruses.
The article presents data on a study of the effectiveness of intravenous application of immunoglobulin in children with purulent bacterial meningitis of different etiology progressing with pronounced ...cephaledema. According to our data, the reason for substitution of the immunoglobulin deficiency in patients with purulent bacterial meningitis is clinical syndromes, expressed in points and laboratory indicators of the level of IgG in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of children. The findings give evidence of the efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin application at severe purulent bacterial meningitis accompanied by pronounced immune deficiency, manifested in insufficient synthesis of IgG.
The Mukodek gold field is discussed as an example proving that dynamometamorphism is a major factor in the formation of gold deposits in the Abchad fault zone. This deposit belongs to the ...gold‐silver‐ore zones of mylonitization and schistosity. The ore source is related to the original host rocks with an increased geochemical background concentration of Au. Due to dynamometamorphism processes, gold particles are abundant and mostly enlarged. From the primary rocks, the dynamometamorphites inherit a positive correlation between the number of particles and the concentrations of gold. The dynamometamorphic complex of the ore field developed in two stages, as a minimum. At the early stage (321.0±1.9 Ma), the host rocks were mechanochemically deformed and transformed into the gold‐ bearing mineralized dynamometamorphites containing sericite, chlorite, ankerite, albite, and quartz. In the second stage (280±15 Ma), the albite‐dolomite‐quartz ore veins were formed. Such veins have industrial gold contents.
To study seasonal and age features of etiological structure of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the territory of the RF.
A total of 7388 AII inpatients aged from 1 day to 90 years from 7 cities ...(Moscow, St-Petersburg, Nizhniy Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen, Makhachkala and Khabarovsk) of the RF participated in a trial conducted from December 2001 to September 2006 The patients were examined with diagnostic tests based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of rotaviruses of group A (RVA), noroviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, salmonella, termophilic campilobacteria, shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC).
The above agents were detected in 72% children and 52% adults. In children RVA and noroviruses occurred most frequently (29.5% and 11%, respectively). The adults carried most often salmonella (9.3%), noroviruses (8.4%), RVA (7.8%) and Schigella in combination with EIEC (7.0%).
Viral agents are essential or prevailing causative agents of AII at different ages. Seasonal and age-related trends of AII morbidity are characterized.
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