Andropause is a syndrome that occurs due to decreased androgen levels in men. Various aspects of health, such as social well-being, can affect andropause status during men's retirement. This study ...aimed to determine the severity of andropause symptoms and its relationship with social well-being among retired male nurses.
This preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 retired male nurses in Ardabil (northwest of Iran). The participants were selected through the census sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Male Andropause Symptoms Self-Assessment Questionnaire (MASSQ), and the Social Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0).
The study found that the overall mean scores of the severity of andropause symptoms and social well-being among retired male nurses were 57.24 ± 12.62 (range = 35-91) and 94.54 ± 12.77 (range = 75-123), respectively. The highest and lowest mean scores between dimensions of social well-being were related to social contribution (20.26 ± 2.47) and social acceptance (15.26 ± 2.77), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that subscales of social well-being, age, marital status, and spouse's menopause were predictors of the severity of andropause symptoms among retired male nurses. The selected predictors accounted for 53.1% of the total variance in severity of andropause symptoms (F = 36.613, p < 0.001).
The results showed a moderate to severe prevalence of andropause among retired male nurses and a significant association between andropause and social well-being. The study suggests further research to examine sexual orientation and other factors that may affect andropause in retired male nurses.
Abstract Antimicrobial therapy remains the most important method of wound infection treatment. Systemically administered antimicrobials may not achieve therapeutic levels in wound. On the other hand, ...some topically applied antimicrobials cannot penetrate eschar well enough. Therefore, an attempt has been made here to increase permeation of topically applied drugs through eschar using the so-called skin penetration enhancers. To perform this investigation, effects of different potential penetration enhancers on permeation of chlorhexidine, silver sulfadiazine and nitroglycerin through human third-degree burn eschar was evaluated. Results showed that water, glycerin, saline, sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS) and ethanol tend to reduce permeation of chlorhexidine through burn eschar. But, water, glycerin, hexane:ethanol and ethyl acetate:ethanol were able to increase permeation of silver sulfadiazine significantly by about 1.2–1.8 times, while saline, SDS and dimethyl sulfoxide were not able to change its permeation. Glycine showed 2.7 times enhancement toward permeation of nitroglycerin, followed by water, hexane:ethanol mixture, saline and SDS with enhancement ratios of 1.8–2.3. Urea, ethanol and citral were not able to increase permeation of nitroglycerin through eschar. This study shows that permeation of drugs through burn eschar can be improved by penetration enhancement including hydration; the effect depends on the nature of the penetrant.
•Ag/FeTNTs were prepared to investigate photocathodic protection of 403SS.•Ag/FeTNTs exhibited better photocathodic protection performance than FeTNTs.•Ag/FeTNTs has charge storage ability to ...maintain photocathodic protection in dark.
Iron doped TiO2 nanotube array (FeTNTs) films were first synthesized through facile one step titanium anodization in an appropriate solution, followed by electrodeposition of Ag on the prepared film to obtain Ag/FeTNTs composite films with improved photocathodic protection performance. The effects of variations of electrodeposition time on the morphology, optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the samples prepared have been investigated. Photocurrent density, open circuit potential and Tafel polarization curves were used to confirm the photocathodic protection performance of 403 stainless steel (403SS). Ag/FeTNTs composites were capable of providing effective protection of 403SS under light irradiation and even in the dark in comparison with the uncoated FeTNTs. The corrosion potential of 403SS was shifted to −700 under light irradiation by the optimal composite film (sample t6 obtained by 6 min of silver electrodeposition), which indicates efficient photoelectrochemical cathodic protection.
A combined electrochemical anodization and ultraviolet light-assisted photochemical preparation technique has been used to prepare Cu/TiO
2
, Ag/TiO
2
, Cu@Ag/TiO
2
, and Ag@Cu/TiO
2
nanotubes. X-ray ...diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to systematically characterize the crystalline phase and morphology, respectively, of the prepared nanotube films. The optical absorption properties of the samples were also studied using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy. The photoelectrochemical activity and photocathodic protection properties of 403 stainless steel were investigated using photogenerated open circuit potential, photogenerated current density, Tafel curves, and J-V curves. The effects of the type of particles deposited and the deposition sequence on their photocathodic protection properties were also studied. According to the results, the morphology and photoelectrochemical and photocathodic protection properties of the prepared samples are affected by the photodeposition sequence of the particles. The results also show that photodeposited TiO
2
nanotubes enhance the light absorption and photoelectrochemical properties under light illumination, thus greatly increasing the photocurrent density of the Cu/TiO
2
and Ag/TiO
2
nanotubes in comparison with bare TiO
2
nanotubes. In addition, the photogenerated potential drop of the photodeposited TiO
2
was greater than that of bare TiO
2
. The open circuit potential (OCP) values of 403SS coupled with Cu/TiO
2
, Ag/TiO
2
, Cu@Ag/TiO
2
, and Ag@Cu/TiO
2
under irradiation were −695 mV, −665 mV, −594 mV, and −574 mV, respectively. Silver- and copper-photodeposited TiO
2
nanotubes can be applied as new photoanode materials to provide good photogenerated cathodic protection for metals under light illumination.
The current study aims to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and happiness through the mediating role of reminiscence styles in the elderly.
This was a correlational study of ...structural equations modelling (SEM) type. The statistical population included all the elderly aged at least 60 years living in Kermanshah province, Iran in 2021, among whom 380 (182 men and 198 women) were selected using convenience sampling method. Participants filled out the questionnaires of Adult Attachment Styles, Oxford Happiness, and Amani et al.'s Reminiscence Styles.
The results indicated that secure attachment style has a positive and negative relationship with positive reminiscence (PR) and negative reminiscence (NR), respectively. However, the opposite held true for both avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles. It was also found that secure attachment style has a positive relationship, and avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles have a negative relationship with happiness. Moreover, participants' gender and age had no moderating effect on the mentioned relationships. The results of SEM indicated that secure and ambivalent attachment styles were associated with happiness through both PR and NR, and avoidant attachment style was associated with happiness only through NR.
The findings emphasize the significance of the development of internal working models based on the kind of parent-child's reminiscences and narratives, and the lifelong effects of these models.
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the effect of extraoral 940 nm low-level diode laser on pain, edema, and trismus following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.
...Materials and methods
This split-mouth, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated 25 patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars. One side of the jaw was randomly assigned to the laser and the other side to the control group. The laser quadrant received 940 nm diode laser irradiation (0.5 W, 10 J/cm
2
, continuous-wave mode, 20 s) at three points in the master muscle in contact mode immediately after surgical extraction of third molar. The third molar in the placebo quadrant was extracted after 2 weeks by the same surgeon using the same standard approach. The pain score was measured at 2 and 7 days postoperatively using a visual analog scale (VAS). To assess trismus, the distance between the incisal edges of the upper and lower central incisors was measured in maximum opening. To assess edema, the distance between the tragus and chin point was measured before and immediately after surgery and after 2 and 7 days. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and Bonferroni test.
Results
The mean pain score in the first 7 days was significantly lower in the laser group (
P
< 0.05). Edema and trismus were the same in both groups (
P
> 0.05). Number of analgesics taken was significantly lower in the laser group (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion
Single-session irradiation of 940 nm diode laser can effectively decrease pain following third molar extraction surgery.
Trial registration number
: IRCT20141209020258N91 on 29/12/2018.
Introduction: Preserving the natural tooth by endodontic treatment or tooth extraction and implantation is an important dilemma that requires careful evaluation of the factors that affect the final ...treatment and patients' quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life related to oral health after single tooth implant treatment in comparison with endodontic treatment.Materials & Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytical study to evaluate the quality of life of 80 patients referred to Isfahan Azad Dental School in 1399-1400 in two groups (endo and implant) whose anterior teeth have been endodontically treated and had also a history of anterior single tooth implant with functional crown in a recent year, with using Oral health-related quality of life questionnaire (OHIP-12). The collected data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test and independent T-test with an error level of 0.05% (p value < 0.05).Results: Mean patient's oral health-related quality of life after single tooth implant and after endodontic treatment was respectively 16.95 and 16.83 and all the studied parameters were shown to be above average. There was no significant difference between the type of treatment and patient's oral health-related quality of life (p value = 0.885). There was a significant difference between patient's gender and oral health-related quality of life in implant treatment (p value = 0.036).Conclusion: The oral health-related quality of life after single tooth implant treatment was comparable to endodontic treatment in patients and it was higher than average in both treatments.
In the present work, flexible poly (vinylidene fluoride)/Diamond nanoparticles nanocomposite films with improved electroactive properties at low filler concentration were developed. The combination ...of nanofiller doping and mechanical stretching was employed to obtain the films with significantly improved electroactive phase at low nanodiamond (ND) concentration, making them the interesting materials for several applications in the electronic devices. The nanocomposite films with different nanofiller concentration were prepared and then stretched under different stretch ratios. The polar phase content of all films was calculated and compared. It was found that the polar phase fraction of the films was significantly enhanced by increasing the nanofiller concentration and the stretch ratio. Moreover, a finite element model was constructed to determine the true value of the strain during the tensile process and to calibrate the stretch ratio. Development of such nanocomposite films with improved piezoelectric properties at low nanofiller concentration can extend their applications for practical usage.
Background and Aims
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused new conditions such as nationwide quarantine, a dramatic decrease in‐person interaction and an increase in death anxiety for governments and ...people. The pandemic of an unpredictable disease with no definite treatment can pose physical and psychological risks to individuals. The present study aimed to investigate the state of anxiety, coping styles, and hopelessness of people in the lockdown period and reopening in Iran.
Methods
In this national population‐based cross‐sectional study, a total of 1191 people who had access to social networks from all over Iran completed the anxiety, hopelessness, and coping style questionnaires online using the snowball sampling method. Analysis was conducted using Stata software version 12 (Stat Corp). The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results
The results of the study suggested that women experienced higher levels of anxiety than men, and, in stressful situations, women were more likely to use emotion‐focused coping styles, while men frequently used problem‐focused coping styles. The majority of participants reported moderate levels of anxiety and low levels of hopelessness (64.04%). The results of multiple linear regression show any level of anxiety mild (ß = 0.59, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.32–0.85), moderate (ß = 0.72, 95% CI: 1.36–1.08), and severe (ß = 2, 95% CI: 1.36–2.56) relative to the none anxiety significantly increase the hopelessness, Furthermore, showing a negative significant adjusted association with the problem‐focused coping style (ß = −0.06, 95% CI: −0.07 to −0.04), and a significant positive association with the emotion‐focused coping style (ß = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02–0.06).
Conclusion
Our findings could be used to prevent psychological damage in societies and suggested addressing problem‐focused coping style, especially during a crisis, and providing people with preprepared mental health protocols at this pandemic.
Biodentine is desirable to successfully manage internal root resorption, and the MTA apical plug backfilled with thermoplasticized gutta‐percha is suggested for the tooth with external apical root ...resorption.
Biodentine is desirable to successfully manage internal root resorption, and the MTA apical plug backfilled with thermoplasticized gutta‐percha is suggested for the tooth with external apical root resorption.
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