The research aimed toxicological monitoring of feed produced in a unit type CFF (combined forage feed) of an intensive type ruminant farm during january-june 2013. To fulfill that purpose were ...collected and analyzed a total of 10 forage samples represented by CF (combined forage) T2-0-3 steers, soybean grist, corn, CF ruminants, CF muttons, CF 01-0-3 muttons, CF 21-2 for determining mycotoxin load, pursuing the following parameters: concentration of AFB1 (aflatoxin B1), concentration of ZEA (zearalenone), concentration of OTA (ochratoxin). Quantitative determination of residues of aflatoxin B1, ZEA and OTA in cereals and animal food was performed by ELISA immunoassay. Following the research it was established that 80% of the total samples were contaminated with both OTA and AFB1 and ZEA; 3 of the 8 contaminated samples (37.5%) showed high levels of concentration for the three mycotoxins.
Research aimed at establishing an association between the level of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in fodder, chronic diseases at cows and residual heavy metals in different organs and tissues. The ...toxicological investigation revealed the following main pathological states in cows: 18% marasmatic syndrome with toxic and deficiency etiology, 20% lung affections, 18% hepatopathia and under the 10% gastric diseases. The hematological and biochemical examinations revealed hyporegenerative aplastic anemia, hypophosphatemia, liver and kidney dysfunctions, bone and joint dysfunctions. Lead retention in the liver was 0.62 ppm (HAL 0.5 ppm) and cadmium was 0.82 ppm (HAL 0.05 ppm). Lead retention in the kidney was 1.05 ppm (HAL 0.5 ppm) and cadmium was 2.13 ppm (HAL 0.05 ppm).
Pesticides enter the body via the respiratory, cutaneous and oral. The oral route is predominant. Feeding animals with forage treated with pesticides that can be processed as a result of surface ...treatment during the vegetation, can be a potential cause of occurrence of severe toxicosis in animals. The purpose was to assess the quality of CFF feed type used in large and small ruminants raised on an intensive type farm, using toxicological exams in order to determine pesticide pollution degree. There were collected and examined eight samples from four different categories of feed (sunflower shrot, CF 0-2 T2-steers, corn, soybean grist). From the total organochlorine insecticides nine chemicals were selected for toxicological examination: Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin, Chlordane, Endosulfan. From laboratory analysis it was found that in none of the eight feed samples were detected organochlorine compounds.
The research aimed toxicological monitoring of fodder (straw, alfalfa, mixed fodder), collected from dairy cow farms in order to determine the contamination degree with Aflatoxin B1. A number of 16 ...feedstuffs samples were collected from dairy cow farm from Ilfov County and analyzed for mycotoxicological content. The quantitative identification of Aflatoxin from samples was performed by means of ELISA, a directly competitive immunoenzymatic test. Our purpose was to determine to assess Aflatoxin B1 level in fodder. According to the mycotoxicological analysis, found that 11 analyzed assays a percentage of 68.75%, were over maximum limit.
The studies aimed the energy metabolism determination in Mangalitsa pigs exposed at thermic neutral temperature, compared to Large White pigs. The experimental period was between 80 and 100 kg ...liveweight. The animals had free access to standard, isoprotein and isocalory diets, with 13.5% crude protein (CP) and 3100 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. Feed intake was measured on a daily basis. The energy-protein balance was calculated on the basis of comparative slaughter made at the beginning and end of the experiment. The metabolizable energy (MEc) was estimated by chemical analysis (feed and excreta) using mathematical modelling and the Whittemore’s formula. The metabolizable energy utilization efficiency was 0.61 at Large White and 0.53 at Mangalitsa.
The frequent variability of the splanchnic branches in all species creates difficulties both in carrying out physiological experiments and, particularly, in interpreting the clinical data; given the ...need for an in depth study of the comparative physiology, this paper presents some specifications concerning the neuroglandular relations in the mesenteric area in horses. A total of 32 dissections were conducted on fresh, non-mummified corpses and were accompanied by comparative evaluations. The nervous formations were tracked up to the limit of visibility with the magnifying glass of 15 dioptres. To make possible the differentiation of the nervous fibres, the arteries were injected with a red dye. The ganglion formations were investigated with histological methods of differentiation. The dissection also revealed that the efferent fibres which approach the celiomesenteric plexus do not belong, as thought, only to the large and small splanchnic, but also to the lumbar splanchnic nerves which were regarded as being small accessory splanchnic nerves. According to these wrong data, the renosuprarenal plexus would only include abdominal splanchnic afferences and not also lumbar splanchnic afferences, as it actually happens. Speaking of horses, the data reveal the existence of peculiarities regarding the dorsolumbar efferences of the celiomesenteric plexus which detach in most cases from the interganglionar connectives and not directly from the paravertebral ganglia. Another observation is related to the existence of the renal nerves (one or two small fibres), nerves which detach from the abdominal splanchnic nerves which, crossing over the lateral side of the suprarenal gland seem to link it to the kidneys. The existence of postrenal nervous loops might provide evidence, if not on the ontogeny, at least on the way of postembryonic migration of this organ.
The investigation involved 66 Teleorman Black Head Tsigai sheep. The animals were monitored throughout their twelve controls determining the total amount of milk. The genetic markers considered by ...the investigation were the haemoglobin and transferrin. They were identified two genotypes (HbA/HbB and HbB/HbB) at the haemoglobin locus and eight genotypes at the transferrin locus. The simultaneous analysis of the two studied markers reveals the superiority of the heterozygous sheep HbA HbB/TfMTfE, which displayed the highest productive performance for the study character.
The aim of our study was to assess the welfare of pregnant sows housed in collective pens, based on indicators such as behavior, skin lesions and lameness in two commercial farms where the floor area ...(A- continuous, B- slatted) and environmental enrichment have been different. Observations were made on 120 pregnant sows (LandracexLarge White), during pregnancy period. Behavior was assessed by direct observation, and each event was expressed in terms of total active behavioural manifestation. Skin lesions were rated on a three degree scale from 0 to 2 (absence of lesions, surface lesions, severe lesions). Investigation behavior was clearly shown in B pens (67%) compared with A (52%) in the first and last weeks of gestation; a high incidence of positive social interactions was recorded in A pens (21%). Number of sows with lameness was higher in A pens (3,9%) compared with B pens (1,7%), and the skin lesions of 4,5% in B pens. All indicators monitored have recorded changes in both pen types. The welfare of pregnant sows should be evaluated using different criteria depending on breeding technology.
In vivo experiments on broilers were conducted in order to elaborate a mathematical model for body synthesis, the experimental data being processed with Gompertz time functions and linear functions. ...The experiment used 166, Ross 308 day-old chicks through an experimental period of 42 days. The broilers received diets according to the growth period (1 – 14, 15 – 28, 29 – 42 days). The dietary energy and nutrient supply for group 1 (control) were according to the recommendation of Ross Breeders. The birds had free access to the feed. Group 2 received 90% and group 3 received 80% of the amount of feed received by group 1; the dietary energy supply was 90% in group 4 and 80% in group 5, also related to group 1. Mathematical modelling was used to evaluate the evolution of the body chemical composition (water, protein and lipid content), starting from the protein content at hatching.
Our research monitored the response of some welfare indicators in sport horses during transport by assessing the intensity of stress during travel time, changes in heart rate, cortisol, lactic acid ...and creatinine levels. The horses included in the study were separated into 2 groups: horses that were transported for the first time (A n: 12) and horses that had been previously transported (B n: 10). The values of the indicators varied between the two groups regardless of the fact that travel length and transport conditions were almost identical. The heart rate and cortisol levels were elevated in horses from group A as compared to the ones in group B while the latter showed increased levels of these indicators upon repeating the loading and unloading (100-130 nmol/l). The recorded value of lactic acid was higher for the first group (2,2 mmol/l), only until the moment when the horses adapted to the effort, after which it decreased (1,8 mmol/l). Transport of horses under certain conditions related to their adjusting to manhandling during loading and unloading operations, as well as the animals’ temper, may be considered a stress factor with significant depreciating effect on horse welfare.
