La migración venezolana a Colombia ha movilizado alrededor de 1,8 millones de venezolanos y colombianos retornados a Colombia. Mediante un panel de datos, empleando efectos fijos, estimamos la ...diferencia del aporte a la productividad de la población migrante con la no migrante para dos periodos, 2013-2019 y 2015-2019, considerando nivel educativo, departamento y sector. Durante 2015-2019 la población migrante con nivel educativo alto tendría mayores contribuciones a la productividad que la población no migrante con nivel educativo bajo. Existe un sesgo de autoselección dado que los migrantes buscaron ocuparse en departamentos con mayor productividad. Este sesgo se corrige con una variable instrumental que explota la variación regional de las redes de migrantes existentes en 2005 y el momento e intensidad de la crisis económica venezolana. Este análisis evidencia que la migración venezolana afecta positivamente la productividad laboral colombiana a corto plazo y sirve como insumo para estructurar políticas migratorias.
La migración venezolana a Colombia ha movilizado alrededor de 1,8 millones de venezolanos y colombianos retornados a Colombia. Mediante un panel de datos, empleando efectos fijos, estimamos la ...diferencia del aporte a la productividad de la población migrante con la no migrante para dos periodos, 2013-2019 y 2015-2019, considerando nivel educativo, departamento y sector. Durante 2015-2019 la población migrante con nivel educativo alto tendría mayores contribuciones a la productividad que la población no migrante con nivel educativo bajo. Existe un sesgo de autoselección dado que los migrantes buscaron ocuparse en departamentos con mayor productividad. Este sesgo se corrige con una variable instrumental que explota la variación regional de las redes de migrantes existentes en 2005 y el momento e intensidad de la crisis económica venezolana. Este análisis evidencia que la migración venezolana afecta positivamente la productividad laboral colombiana a corto plazo y sirve como insumo para estructurar políticas migratorias.
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative soil bacterium well recognized in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. However, wider and expanding global ...distribution of B. pseudomallei has been elucidated. Early diagnosis is critical for commencing the specific therapy required to optimize outcome. Serological testing using the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) antibody assay has long been used to augment diagnosis of melioidosis and to monitor progress. However, cross reactivity and prior exposure may complicate the diagnosis of current clinical disease (melioidosis). The goal of our study was to develop and initially evaluate a serology assay (BurkPx) that capitalized upon host response to multiple antigens. Antigens were selected from previous studies for expression/purification and conjugation to microspheres for multiantigen analysis. Selected serum samples from non-melioidosis controls and serial samples from culture-confirmed melioidosis patients were used to characterize the diagnostic power of individual and combined antigens at two times post admission. Multiple variable models were developed to evaluate multivariate antigen reactivity, identify important antigens, and determine sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of melioidosis. The final multiplex assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 93%, which was superior to any single antigen in side-by-side comparisons. The sensitivity of the assay started at >85% for the initial serum sample after admission and increased to 94% 21 days later. Weighting antigen contribution to each model indicated that certain antigen contributed to diagnosis more than others, which suggests that the number of antigens in the assay can be decreased. In summation, the BurkPx assay can facilitate the diagnosis of melioidosis and potentially improve on currently available serology assays. Further evaluation is now required in both melioidosis-endemic and non-endemic settings.
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative soil bacterium well recognized in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. However, wider and expanding global ...distribution of B. pseudomallei has been elucidated. Early diagnosis is critical for commencing the specific therapy required to optimize outcome. Serological testing using the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) antibody assay has long been used to augment diagnosis of melioidosis and to monitor progress. However, cross reactivity and prior exposure may complicate the diagnosis of current clinical disease (melioidosis). The goal of our study was to develop and initially evaluate a serology assay (BurkPx) that capitalized upon host response to multiple antigens. Antigens were selected from previous studies for expression/purification and conjugation to microspheres for multiantigen analysis. Selected serum samples from non-melioidosis controls and serial samples from culture-confirmed melioidosis patients were used to characterize the diagnostic power of individual and combined antigens at two times post admission. Multiple variable models were developed to evaluate multivariate antigen reactivity, identify important antigens, and determine sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of melioidosis. The final multiplex assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 93%, which was superior to any single antigen in side-by-side comparisons. The sensitivity of the assay started at >85% for the initial serum sample after admission and increased to 94% 21 days later. Weighting antigen contribution to each model indicated that certain antigen contributed to diagnosis more than others, which suggests that the number of antigens in the assay can be decreased. In summation, the BurkPx assay can facilitate the diagnosis of melioidosis and potentially improve on currently available serology assays. Further evaluation is now required in both melioidosis-endemic and non-endemic settings.
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative soil bacterium well recognized in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. However, wider and expanding global ...distribution of B. pseudomallei has been elucidated. Early diagnosis is critical for commencing the specific therapy required to optimize outcome. Serological testing using the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) antibody assay has long been used to augment diagnosis of melioidosis and to monitor progress. However, cross reactivity and prior exposure may complicate the diagnosis of current clinical disease (melioidosis). The goal of our study was to develop and initially evaluate a serology assay (BurkPx) that capitalized upon host response to multiple antigens. Antigens were selected from previous studies for expression/purification and conjugation to microspheres for multiantigen analysis. Selected serum samples from non-melioidosis controls and serial samples from culture-confirmed melioidosis patients were used to characterize the diagnostic power of individual and combined antigens at two times post admission. Multiple variable models were developed to evaluate multivariate antigen reactivity, identify important antigens, and determine sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of melioidosis. The final multiplex assay had a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 93%, which was superior to any single antigen in side-by-side comparisons. The sensitivity of the assay started at >85% for the initial serum sample after admission and increased to 94% 21 days later. Weighting antigen contribution to each model indicated that certain antigen contributed to diagnosis more than others, which suggests that the number of antigens in the assay can be decreased. In summation, the BurkPx assay can facilitate the diagnosis of melioidosis and potentially improve on currently available serology assays. Further evaluation is now required in both melioidosis-endemic and non-endemic settings. Author summary Melioidosis has a wide diversity of symptoms, making laboratory diagnosis essential. The diagnosis of melioidosis is primarily by culture of the causative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is problematic for locations with limited laboratory resources and for laboratories inexperienced in handling B. pseudomallei. Early diagnosis of melioidosis facilitates the specific antimicrobial therapy that optimizes outcomes and substantially lowers mortality. We have developed and evaluated a multiple antigen-antibody serology assay using serial samples from culture confirmed melioidosis patients including the first sample after patient admission, together with non-melioidosis serum controls. Multiantigen reactivity was compared to single antigens and to the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) antibody assay data collected from routine patient testing. The results from testing patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis suggest that using multiple individual antigen assays coupled with models can improve the sensitivity and specificity of serological diagnosis using the same antigens evaluated individually. In addition, all evaluated antigens may not be needed to improve assay performance. Further antigen down selection and evaluation of the utility of this assay is now required in both melioidosis-endemic and non-endemic settings.
IntroductionDeath following surgical procedures is a global health problem, accounting for 4.2 million deaths annually within the first 30 postoperative days. The fourth indicator of The Lancet ...Commission on Global Surgery is essential as it seeks to standardise postoperative mortality. Consequently, it helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of each country’s healthcare system. Accurate information on this indicator is not available in Colombia, limiting the possibility of interventions applied to our population. We aim to describe the in-hospital perioperative mortality of the surgical procedures performed in Colombia. The data obtained will help formulate public policies, improving the quality of the surgical departments.Methods and analysisAn observational, analytical, multicentre prospective cohort study will be conducted throughout Colombia. Patients over 18 years of age who have undergone a surgical procedure, excluding radiological/endoscopic procedures, will be included. A sample size of 1353 patients has been projected to achieve significance in our primary objective; however, convenience sampling will be used, as we aim to include all possible patients. Data collection will be carried out prospectively for 1 week. Follow-up will continue until hospital discharge, death or a maximum of 30 inpatient days. The primary outcome is perioperative mortality. A descriptive analysis of the data will be performed, along with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related and hospital-related conditionsEthics and disseminationThe Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología Ethics Committee approved this study (No. 41–2021). The results are planned to be disseminated in three scenarios: the submission of an article for publication in a high-impact scientific journal and presentations at the Colombian Surgical Forum and the Congress of the American College of Surgeons.Trial registration numberNCT05147623.
Trypanosoma cruzi, the hemoflagellate parasite and cause of Chagas disease in Latin America, is carried by Triatomine vectors, principally Triatoma dimidiata and Rhodnius prolixus in Central America. ...To assist control efforts and to understand the epidemiology of the disease in Guatemala, the population genetics of T. dimidiata was analyzed among three houses within a village and two adjacent villages in Guatemala. Eleven Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) primers were screened and three used to amplify bands, 29 of which were scored, from T. dimidiata DNA of ≈50 bugs per house from three houses within a village and from 66 and 33 bugs, respectively, from adjacent villages. Results show very small genetic distances among the three T. dimidiata subpopulations from the houses (D = 0.013–0.022) and the two villages (D = 0.0199). The amount of differentiation among houses (fixation index, FST) was also very small, FST = 0.025 among the houses and the two villages FST = 0.019. These fixation indices give an average number of mating migrants per generation (Nm) of 9.7 (among houses) and 12 (among villages). Average heterozygosity (H) appears to be high, ranging from H = 0.299–0.325 among the houses and H = 0.273 among the villages. The low genetic distance and fixation indices, and high heterozygosity suggest that the subpopulations in the houses and in the adjacent villages are not reproductively isolated but are in fact, one large panmictic population. Therefore the geographic coverage necessary for effective control must include, at least, the area encompassing adjacent villages.
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