The role of police officers on college campuses has grown in the past 40 years from that of “glorified custodians” to full-fledged police officers, often with powers to search, detain, arrest, and ...even to use deadly force. Yet most state open records laws have not kept up, failing to require disclosure of records about crimes reported to or arrests made by sworn police officers at private universities. This article provides a full national picture by identifying the statutes and analyzing the cases to address whether state open records laws apply to private university police. It then suggests that the “functional equivalency test” provides courts a method to require transparency at these police departments.
Access to primary research data is vital for the advancement of science. To extend the data types supported by community repositories, we built a prototype Image Data Resource (IDR) that collects and ...integrates imaging data acquired across many different imaging modalities. IDR links data from several imaging modalities, including high-content screening, super-resolution and time-lapse microscopy, digital pathology, public genetic or chemical databases, and cell and tissue phenotypes expressed using controlled ontologies. Using this integration, IDR facilitates the analysis of gene networks and reveals functional interactions that are inaccessible to individual studies. To enable re-analysis, we also established a computational resource based on Jupyter notebooks that allows remote access to the entire IDR. IDR is also an open source platform that others can use to publish their own image data. Thus IDR provides both a novel on-line resource and a software infrastructure that promotes and extends publication and re-analysis of scientific image data.
Data sharing is important in the biological sciences to prevent duplication of effort, to promote scientific integrity, and to facilitate and disseminate scientific discovery. Sharing requires ...centralized repositories, and submission to and utility of these resources require common data formats. This is particularly challenging for multidimensional microscopy image data, which are acquired from a variety of platforms with a myriad of proprietary file formats (PFFs). In this paper, we describe an open standard format that we have developed for microscopy image data. We call on the community to use open image data standards and to insist that all imaging platforms support these file formats. This will build the foundation for an open image data repository.
Background
Knowing the needs of the bioimaging community with respect to research data management (RDM) is essential for identifying measures that enable the adoption of the FAIR (findable, ...accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles for microscopy and bioimage analysis data across disciplines. As an initiative within Germany's National Research Data Infrastructure, we conducted this community survey in the summer of 2021 to assess the state of the art of bioimaging RDM and the community needs.
Methods
An online survey was conducted with a mixed question-type design. We created a questionnaire tailored to relevant topics of the bioimaging community, including specific questions on bioimaging methods and bioimage analysis, as well as more general questions on RDM principles and tools. 203 survey entries were included in the analysis covering the perspectives from various life and biomedical science disciplines and from participants at different career levels.
Results
The results highlight the importance and value of bioimaging RDM and data sharing. However, the practical implementation of FAIR practices is impeded by technical hurdles, lack of knowledge, and insecurity about the legal aspects of data sharing. The survey participants request metadata guidelines and annotation tools and endorse the usage of image data management platforms. At present, OMERO (Open Microscopy Environment Remote Objects) is the best known and most widely used platform. Most respondents rely on image processing and analysis, which they regard as the most time-consuming step of the bioimage data workflow. While knowledge about and implementation of electronic lab notebooks and data management plans is limited, respondents acknowledge their potential value for data handling and publication.
Conclusions
The bioimaging community acknowledges and endorses the value of RDM and data sharing. Still, there is a need for information, guidance, and standardization to foster the adoption of FAIR data handling. This survey may help inspiring targeted measures to close this gap.
Background
Knowing the needs of the bioimaging community with respect to research data management (RDM) is essential for identifying measures that enable the adoption of the FAIR (findable, ...accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles for microscopy and bioimage analysis data across disciplines. As an initiative within Germany's National Research Data Infrastructure, we conducted this community survey in the summer of 2021 to assess the state of the art of bioimaging RDM and the community needs.
Methods
An online survey was conducted with a mixed question-type design. We created a questionnaire tailored to relevant topics of the bioimaging community, including specific questions on bioimaging methods and bioimage analysis, as well as more general questions on RDM principles and tools. 203 survey entries were included in the analysis covering the perspectives from various life and biomedical science disciplines and from participants at different career levels.
Results
The results highlight the importance and value of bioimaging RDM and data sharing. However, the practical implementation of FAIR practices is impeded by technical hurdles, lack of knowledge, and insecurity about the legal aspects of data sharing. The survey participants request metadata guidelines and annotation tools and endorse the usage of image data management platforms. At present, OMERO (Open Microscopy Environment Remote Objects) is the best known and most widely used platform. Most respondents rely on image processing and analysis, which they regard as the most time-consuming step of the bioimage data workflow. While knowledge about and implementation of electronic lab notebooks and data management plans is limited, respondents acknowledge their potential value for data handling and publication.
Conclusions
The bioimaging community acknowledges and endorses the value of RDM and data sharing. Still, there is a need for information, guidance, and standardization to foster the adoption of FAIR data handling. This survey may help inspiring targeted measures to close this gap.
The rapid pace of innovation in biological imaging and the diversity of its applications have prevented the establishment of a community-agreed standardized data format. We propose that complementing ...established open formats such as OME-TIFF and HDF5 with a next-generation file format such as Zarr will satisfy the majority of use cases in bioimaging. Critically, a common metadata format used in all these vessels can deliver truly findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable bioimaging data.
Data-intensive research depends on tools that manage multidimensional, heterogeneous datasets. We built OME Remote Objects (OMERO), a software platform that enables access to and use of a wide range ...of biological data. OMERO uses a server-based middleware application to provide a unified interface for images, matrices and tables. OMERO's design and flexibility have enabled its use for light-microscopy, high-content-screening, electron-microscopy and even non-image-genotype data. OMERO is open-source software, available at http://openmicroscopy.org/.
Bioimaging data have significant potential for reuse, but unlocking this potential requires systematic archiving of data and metadata in public databases. We propose draft metadata guidelines to ...begin addressing the needs of diverse communities within light and electron microscopy. We hope this publication and the proposed Recommended Metadata for Biological Images (REMBI) will stimulate discussions about their implementation and future extension.
Electronic cigarettes (Ecigs) are promoted as effective smoking cessation tools, and consequently widely used among pregnant women who are motivated to quit tobacco cigarette smoking. Emerging ...evidence demonstrates that Ecigs can be dangerous to cardiovascular health. Babies born to women who vape represent a uniquely vulnerable population for this type of exposure, because they may be adversely impacted during a critical developmental period. It is unknown if cardiovascular harm potential of Ecigs without nicotine is conferred to offspring of vaping mothers. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) provides an indirect measure of arterial stiffness (with stiffer vessels having higher PWV) and can be useful for characterizing cardiovascular disease progression.
Sprague‐Dawley rat dams were exposed to either nicotine‐free Ecig vapor (Ecig0, Joyetech eGrip OLED using 5‐sec puffs @17.5 W) or ambient air. Exposure consisted of 20 puffs over 1‐hour each day, 5 days/week, and resulted in an average daily TPM of ~120 mg/m3. Maternal exposure started on gestational day 2 and continued until pups were weaned (postnatal day 21). Pups were never directly exposed. Left common carotid arteries (LCCA) of 4‐month old pups (n=5 per group) were noninvasively imaged via Doppler ultrasound. PWV was measured using the regional transit‐time (TT) method (PWV=Δd/Δt; where d is distance between proximal (downstream to aortic arch) and distal (upstream of bifurcation) points on the LCCA, and t is the arrival time of pulse wave upstroke relative to R‐wave peak on ECG). Repeated (≥3) measurements were made for each variable and averaged. TT measurements were performed using a Vevo2100 ultra high frequency ultrasound platform with heart rate monitoring system (VisualSonics Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada). Results were processed using VisualSonics analysis software.
Left common carotid arterial PWV (mean ± SD) in the Ecig0 group (6.6 ± 2 m/s) was significantly higher (p<0.01) than in the air control group (3.2 ± 0.7 m/s).
Offspring exposed to nicotine‐free Ecig vapor in utero had higher PWV than controls, indicating stiffer arteries and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Further studies will determine the long‐term implications of this vascular impairment. Clinicians and policy‐makers need to be aware of these risks to discourage pregnant women from using Ecigs (with or without nicotine).
Support or Funding Information
WVU Cancer Institute Philip R Dino Innovative Research Grant (IMO); APS STRIDE Fellowship (JO); AMIF: NIH S10RR026378, P20RR016440, P30GM103488, P20RR016440, P30GM103488 and U54GM104942 (SM)
This is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.
PDF
