Basic sports-related injuries of the ankle include ligament tear, tendon degeneration and tear, bone bruise, fracture, impingement, osteochondral defect, and plantar fasciitis. This article discusses ...the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of these injuries.
Abstract Sprain of the costoclavicular (rhomboid) ligament is an uncommon but symptomatic traumatic injury. To date, there is no report of the MRI findings of isolated, traumatic, rhomboid ligament ...injury. We report a case of traumatic rhomboid ligament avulsion from the clavicular insertion diagnosed by MRI. Radiologists and treating physicians alike may find this information useful in their clinical practice.
Purpose: This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the clinical features and results of treatment of carcinomas of the ethmoid sinus.
Materials and methods: The records of 34 patients with ...ethmoid sinus carcinomas treated with curative intent at the U.T.M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (UTMDACC) between January 1969 and December 1993 were reviewed. The age of the patients ranged from 28 to 73 years with a median of 57 years. There were 28 Whites, four Hispanics, one Black and one Asian. A simple staging based on anatomical criteria was used to describe the extent of the disease. Six patients had T1, 13 patients had T2 and 15 patients had T3 disease. Twenty-one patients were treated with surgery plus radiation and 13 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone; nine patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Radiation was given at ~2 Gy per fraction to total doses of 50 Gy preoperatively, 52–66 Gy (median 60 Gy) postoperatively and 50–70 Gy (median 63 Gy) when no surgery was performed.
Results: The actuarial 5-year overall, disease-free and disease-specific survival rates were 55%, 58% and 63%, respectively. The actuarial 5-year local control rate was 71% for the whole group (74% for surgery plus radiation and 64% for radiation alone). Local recurrence occurred in nine patients, nodal relapse occurred in three patients and distant metastases occurred in four patients. Histologically proven dura mater invasion was associated with a poorer local control rate in patients undergoing surgery and radiation. The simple T-staging system used in this study was a good discriminator for local control. Of nine patients receiving chemotherapy, three had complete responses and four had partial responses; six of the seven responders had undifferentiated carcinoma. Severe complications of therapy occurred in patients treated between 1969 and 1984 and consisted mainly of visual impairment and brain necrosis.
Conclusions: This retrospective review of a large single institutional experience showed that ethmoid sinus carcinomas have a tendency for extensive local invasion but a low propensity for lymphatic and hematogenous spread. Hence, local recurrence was the main cause of cancer-related death. Combined treatment with surgery and postoperative irradiation yielded the highest local control rate. However, radiotherapy alone eradicated two-thirds of primary tumors and, consequently, is a reasonable alternative treatment for patients with medical contraindications to surgery. For patients who underwent surgery and radiotherapy, the presence of histologically proven dura mater invasion was associated with a higher local recurrence rate. Severe radiation complications have been rare with the contemporary radiotherapy technique. Chemotherapy induced excellent responses in undifferentiated carcinoma but its impact on overall disease control is unclear in this small series of patients.
The asparagus miner is an obligatory feeder on asparagus and a putative vector for pathogenic fungi implicated in the early decline of asparagus fields. To date, the distribution of the asparagus ...miner over space and time is poorly understood. Our study evaluated the spatial and temporal pattern of adult asparagus miners in commercial asparagus fields in Michigan in 2011 and 2012. We sampled adults and damage weekly during the growing season using yellow sticky traps outside, at the edge, and inside commercial fields. Yellow sticky traps at each trapping location were placed at the canopy and ground level to determine vertical distribution of adults. During the first generation, adults were more evenly distributed throughout the field. In the second generation, adults were more commonly found on the edge of the field. Overall, there was a greater percent of mining damage near the edge of the field. Additionally, three times as many asparagus miners were found in the canopy compared with ground-level traps. There were 12 times as many asparagus miner adults on edges bordered by another asparagus field than on ones bordered by forest. Taken together, our results indicate that while asparagus miner management in the beginning of the growing season should focus on the entire field, in the latter half of the season, growers could save money and resources by targeting miner adults at the edges of fields. Finally, conserving the remaining naturally forested landscape and planting borders of trees may help ameliorate pest pressure in asparagus fields.
Objective
Patellar maltracking is an important subset of patellofemoral pain syndrome. We hypothesize that maltracking patients have an increased incidence of extensor mechanism dysfunction due to ...repetitive attempts at stabilization of the patella. Our purpose is to delineate imaging features to identify maltracking patients at risk for extensor mechanism tendinopathy.
Materials and methods
Retrospective review of knee MRIs performed for anterior knee pain over a year was conducted to identify 218 studies with imaging findings of maltracking. The cases were evaluated for the presence and degree of patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy, tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance (TT-TG) and the distribution and grade of patellofemoral chondrosis. Cases were compared to 100 healthy, age-matched control knee MRIs.
Results
The mean age of maltracking patients with either patellar or quadriceps tendinosis was 41.2 years versus 48.2 years in the control population (
p
= 0.037). The TT-TG was significantly higher in maltracking patients with either patellar or quadriceps tendinosis at 16.49 mm versus 14.99 mm (
p
= 0.006
).
Maltrackers with isolated lateral patellofemoral chondrosis had a higher mean TT-TG at 17.4 mm versus 15.4 mm (
p
= 0.007). Extensor mechanism tendinosis was increased in the maltracking population compared to the controls at 57.8% versus 27.3% (
p
= 0.004).
Conclusion
Extensor mechanism tendinosis is more common in the maltracking population and occurs at a younger age. TT-TG distance is significantly increased in patients with extensor mechanism dysfunction and in patients with isolated lateral patellofemoral chondrosis. TT-TG measurement can be used independently to identifying maltrackers who may be at risk for future complications.
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